الصفحة 5
الصفحة 5
Entrepreneurship, the new economy and public policy : Schumpeterian perspectives
Silicon Valley is the most salient example of high-tech industrial clusters. Public policy makers throughout the world would like to learn the secrets of Silicon Valley in order to build their own high-tech economies. The existing literature on ind- trial clusters, which traces back to Marshall (1920), focuses on the way in which ?rms bene?t from locating in a cluster; it suggests that once a cluster comes into existence However, a more important question is how to reach this critical mass in the ?rst place. In contrast to the literature, evidence suggests that entrepreneurs rarely move when they est- lish high-tech start-ups. This contradicts the notion that location choice analyses lead entrepreneurs to a high-tech cluster. A high-tech industrial cluster such as Silicon Valley is characterized by c- centrated entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship Policy : Theory and Practice
Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice is the first book to fully analyze the construction of entrepreneurship policy, a rapidly-evolving area of policy about which little is known. From a study and assessment of the practices of governments in thirteen countries in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region, this book fully describes the policy area and shares new tools and methods for better understanding and explaining the how and why of an entrepreneurship policy approach. Methods of note include the entrepreneurship policy comprehensiveness index and the context method. It presents a conceptual model describing the many factors which affect, in a dynamic way, the level of entrepreneurship in a country or region. It also describes a typology of entrepreneurship policy which will be useful to others in categorizing their policy approaches.
Entrepreneurship in Emerging Domestic Markets : Barriers and Innovation
As one examines worldwide economic growth over the past decade, it is clear that the U.S. economy has surpassed most of the industrialized world, both in its rate of growth and its ability to create wealth. Entrepreneurship is critical to this growth—entrepreneurs recognize the potential of new ideas, design applications, develop new products, and successfully bring products to market. They build companies and create jobs, generating new opportunities for wealth creation.
Entrepreneurial Strategy : Starting, Managing, and Scaling New Ventures
This book focuses on explaining differences amongst organizations regarding various attributes, forms, and outcomes. By focusing on the “how” of new venture creation and management to produce well-established organizations, the authors aim to increase our understanding of the antecedents of most management research assumptions. New ventures are the source of most newly created jobs generated in an economy, new industries and markets, innovative products and services, and new solutions to economic, social, and environmental problems. However, most management research assumes a well-established organization as the starting point of their theorizing.
Enterprise Collaboration : On-Demand Information Exchange for Extended Enterprises
Global supply chain is a fact of life in today's world. From the perspective of the First World, this practice reigns in outsourcing of jobs that, in the view of many, threatens a way of life. This argument actually implies that outsourcing represents a fair chance for the Third World to catch up and reverse-leverage through market economy.
Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
The work contributes to our understanding of how entrepreneurship may affect economic growth. Among others, it is investigated whether the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth varies with the development level of an economy, with the sector of economic activity, and with the quantity and quality of entrepreneurial supply. Empirical evidence is provided showing that the impact is dependent upon all these three aspects.
Emerging Threats to Energy Security and Stability; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Emerging Threats to Energy Security and Stability, London, United Kingdom, from 23 to 25 January 2004
In particular, it sought to assess emerging threats to energy security and stability and discuss new security strategies to protect global energy supplies from regional instability and terrorism. The format involved a wide-ranging international group of poli- formers and advisers from NATO, Partner and other countries, in a unique forum for intensive expert discussion. Background The international community is increasingly conscious of the need to develop new energy security strategies in order to protect global energy supplies from regional instability and terrorism. Energy security is a vital element in international stability. However, a variety of energy-related economic, technical, and military/political factors pose serious challenges to the international community’s pursuit of energy security and stability: The global economy is expected to continue to be largely dependent on oil and gas for the next twenty to thirty years.
Emerging States and Economies : Their Origins, Drivers, and Challenges Ahead
This book asks why and how some of the developing countries have “emerged” under a set of similar global conditions, what led individual countries to choose the particular paths that led to their “emergence,” and what challenges confront them. If we are to understand the nature of major risks and uncertainties in the world, we must look squarely at the political and economic dynamics of emerging states. Their rapid economic development has changed the distribution of wealth and power in the world. Yet many of them have middle income status. To global governance issues, they tend to adopt approaches that differ from those of advanced industrialized democracies. At home, rapid economic growth and social changes put pressure on their institutions to change. This volume traces the historical trajectories of two major emerging states. It also analyzes cross-country data to find the general patterns of economic development and sociopolitical change in relation to globalization and to the middle income trap.
E-Merging Media: Communication and the Media Economy of the Future
After the very successful ECC-Book on "E-conomy" this new report of the European Communication Council (ECC) analyzes from various perspectives the profound societal and economical change of the media economy, initiated by digitalization and networking. Against the background of the current media history, it highlights for example the role of the Internet hype as a pathfinder in a modified media society. The key question is concerned with how the medial future will be like. The report examines effects and new perspectives in the area of economy, society, and politics. The aspects of behavior, business models, legal and regulation questions, self-conception of society and media economy are mooted by international authors to enhance the reader's understanding of the medial future and to disclose options for action.
Emergent Macroeconomics : An Agent-Based Approach to Business Fluctuations
This book contributes substantively to the current state-of-the-art of macroeconomics by providing a method for building models in which business cycles and economic growth emerge from the interactions of a large number of heterogeneous agents. Drawing from recent advances in agent-based computational modeling, the authors show how insights from dispersed fields like the microeconomics of capital market imperfections, industrial dynamics and the theory of stochastic processes can be fruitfully combined to improve our understanding of macroeconomic dynamics. This book should be a valuable resource for all researchers interested in analyzing macroeconomic issues without recurring to a fictitious representative agent.
Electronic Governance and Open Society : Challenges in Eurasia; 6th International Conference, EGOSE 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia, November 13–14, 2019, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th Conference on Electronic Governance and Open Society: Challenges in Eurasia, EGOSE 2019, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in November 2019. The 32 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on smart city;digital government, society and economy; digital intelligence, data science and cybercrime; social networking and media.
Education Policies in the 21st Century : Comparative Perspectives
Explores the agenda of education policies in the 21st century. In the first part of the book, education is handled from a historical and political framework, and the effects of the change of states and policies on education are examined. In the second part, the effects of changes in the economy on education policies and economies’ demands from educational institutions are examined. In the last section, current policies in the international education sector, which is growing day by day as a result of increasing globalization and internationalization, are examined and future trends are tried to be revealed. In articles written by academics from different universities all over the world, the topics are presented in a comparative perspective.
Econophysics of Wealth Distributions: Econophys-Kolkata I
Understanding the distribution of income and wealth in an economy has been a classic problem in economics for the last hundred years. Apart from the rapidly decaying number density of people with their income crossing over to a robust power law for the very rich, known as the Pareto power-law, after Vilfredo Pareto. With the availability of accurate data from finance/income-tax departments of various countries, several robust features of the income distribution have been established. This field had been dormant for more than a decade, although accurate data had been accumulated over this period. The recent enthusiasm comes mainly from the physicists modelling of markets in analogy with physical systems like gases etc. This is the first book reporting exhaustively on these developments over the last decade by leaders in the field
Economics of the Environment : Theory and Policy
The labor of nature is paid, not because she does much, but because she does little. In proportion as she becomes niggardly in her gifts, she exacts a greater price for her work. Where she is munificently bene- cent, she always works gratis.“ David Ricardo* This book interprets nature and the environment as a scarce resource. Whereas in the past people lived in a paradise of environmental superabundance, at p- sent environmental goods and services are no longer in ample supply. The en- ronment fulfills many functions for the economy: it serves as a public-c- sumption good, as a provider of natural resources, and as receptacle of waste. These different functions compete with each other. Releasing more pollutants into the environment reduces environmental quality, and a better environm- tal quality implies that the environment’s use as a receptacle of waste has to be restrained. Consequently, environmental disruption and environmental use are by nature allocation problems. This is the basic message of this book.
Economics and Management of Climate Change : Risks, Mitigation and Adaptation
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges for mankind. Although there is increasing evidence that climate change is already occurring, there is neither sufficient knowledge as to what extent climate change poses risks to societies and companies, nor about adequate strategies to cope with these risks. Bringing together an international group of scholars from environmental economics, political science and business, this book describes, analyses and evaluates climate change risks and responses of societies and companies. The book contributes to the question of how climate change can be mitigated by discussing efficient and effective design of mitigation measures, in particular emissions trading and clean development mechanism (CDM). Placing special emphasis on the impact of climate change risks on business, the book investigates in which way selected sectors of the economy are affected and what measures they can undertake to adapt to climate change risks.
Economic Liberalization and Integration Policy : Options for Eastern Europe and Russia
The authors of this book analyze the dynamics of macroeconomic and structural developments in Eastern Europe and Russia, with special attention paid to problems of international and national integration, "Dutch disease" and natural resource dependency, and distortions in institutional reforms. The analysis also sheds light on how these problems have implications for cooperation among OECD-countries. A critical focus is on institutional adjustment and learning, human capital formation, trade and foreign investment.
Economic evolution and equilibrium : Bridging the gap
This work uses various model frameworks to study the evolution of equilibria in an open loop evolving economy in which the model characteristics evolve without any directional restrictions except for continuity.
Economic Analysis of Information System Investment in Banking Industry
Explains in reahty, examines theoretically, and analyzes statistically information system investment in the banking industry with regard to the process of the information technology revolution. This kind of comprehensive research on the banking industry is the first in the world. It could be seen as an application study for Japanese financial deregulation after 1997. However, our project, the Workshop of Information System Investment, is a theoretical research venture, consisting originally, when it began in 1994, of economists and computer scientists. It aimed to measure the effect of com puter hardware and software on the modern economy, based on the microdata of each firm, and to extend the frontiers of economic science. It was, coin- dentally, the time when this project began full-scale operation, in July 1997, that the voluntary closure of Yamaichi Securities was decided. The failure of the Hokkaido Takushoku Bank was disclosed in November of the same year, and the breakdown, temporary nationalization, buying out, and mergers of several banks succeeded one another. Our research therefore suddenly got into the social spotlight on the application stage. Part I is the first history and strategic guidelines of information systems in the banking industry. Part II summarizes the economic analyses of informa tion system investment in the United States, Europe, and Japan. These parts are foundations for the statistical analyses in Part III.
East Asian Economic Regionalism: Feasibilities and Challenges
Economic regionalism has become a worldwide phenomenon. Since the Asian financial crisis, East Asian countries are accelerating the ongoing market-driven economic integration as well as institutional economic integration. The question is whether East Asia can reach an East Asian FTA (EAFTA), which is the first step towards institutional economic integration. East Asian Economic Regionalism attempts to analyze the feasibilities of economic integration in East Asia and to discuss emerging economic integration efforts in East Asia with special reference to an East Asian FTA. Although economic integration is desirable economically, positions and approaches of each regional economy toward East Asian economic integration may differ depending on the circumstances of the countries concerned. East Asian Economic Regionalism provides diverse positions on East Asian economic integration by ASEAN countries, as well as the Northeastern countries of China, Japan and Korea. The volume also provides economic assessment of EAFTA and evaluates East Asian economic integration.
Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation
The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites.This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. In addition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites.
