الصفحة 4
الصفحة 4
Practical organic chemistry workbook : Beginner's guide to basics
Provides basic guidance in the essential experimental techniques that an undergraduate student must master to hone the skills required for training in chemical sciences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a workbook for NEP-UGCF syllabus is being proposed for helping students acquire prior deep knowledge pertaining to a particular exercise/objective and enthuse them by stimulating their scientific thinking through various pre- and post-lab questions formulated. The current pedagogy demands a reformation in the conduct of the practicals under the new syllabi scheme; therefore, it is anticipated that this manual would be beneficial for the students as well as teachers in rendering the best. Besides, the book encompasses the fundamentals of all the techniques that would equip the practitioners with specific skills especially on various purification techniques such as recrystallization and chromatography without which one cannot think about proceeding with any synthesis in any of the chemical, pharmaceutical, textile industries, oil and petroleum industries and more.
Powder Diffraction : The Rietveld Method and the Two Stage Method to Determine and Refine Crystal Structures from Powder Diffraction Data
Crystal structure analysis from powder diffraction data has attracted considerable and ever growing interest in the last decades. X-ray powder diffraction is best known for phase analysis (Hanawalt files) dating back to the 30s. In the late 60s the inherent potential of powder diffraction for crystallographic problems was realized and scientists developed methods for using powder diffraction data at first only for the refinement of crystal structures. With the development of ever growing computer power profile fitting and pattern decomposition allowed to extract individual intensities from overlapping diffraction peaks opening the way to many other applications, especially to ab initio structure determination.
Polymorphism in the pharmaceutical industry : Solid form and drug development
Highlights the relevance of polymorphism in modern pharmaceutical chemistry, with a focus on quality by design (QbD) concepts. It covers all important issues by way of case studies, ranging from properties and crystallization, via thermodynamics, analytics and theoretical modelling right up to patent issues. The book underscores the importance of solid-state chemistry within chemical and pharmaceutical development. It emphasizes why solid-state issues are important, the approaches needed to avoid problems and the opportunities offered by solid-state properties. The authors include true polymorphs as well as solvates and hydrates, while providing information on physicochemical properties, crystallization thermodynamics, quantum-mechanical modelling, and up-scaling. Important analytical tools to characterize solid-state forms and to quantify mixtures are summarized, and case studies on solid-state development processes in industry are also provided.
Polymer Microscopy
Polymer Microscopy, Third Edition, is a comprehensive and practical guide to the study of the microstructure of polymers, and is the result of the authors' many years of academic and industrial experience.
Piezoelectricity : Evolution and Future of a Technology
Discovered in 1880, piezoelectric materials play a key role in an innovative market of several billions of dollars. Recent advances in applications derive from new materials and their development, as well as to new market requirements. With the exception of quartz, ferroelectric materials are used for they offer both high efficiency and sufficient versatility to meet adequately the multidimensional requirements for application. Consequently, strong emphasis is placed on tailoring materials and technology, whether one deals with single crystals, ceramics or plastic materials. Tailoring requires a basic understanding of both physical principles and technical possibilities and limitations. This report elucidates these developments by a broad spectrum of examples, comprising ultrasound in medicine and defence industry, frequency control, signal processing by SAW-devices, sensors, actuators, including novel valves for modern motor management.
Piezoelectric Sensors
Chemically and biologically functionalized piezoelectric sensors are attractive alternatives to surface-sensitive transducers due to their surpassing versatility. The fourth volume of the Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors includes a comprehensive theoretical treatment and current state-of-the art applications of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Interface circuits and the study of viscoelasticity and micromechanics as well as surface roughness with the QCM are discussed. The broad field of analytical applications of piezoelectric sensors is covered, which ranges from nucleic acid detection, immunosensors, protein-membrane interactions and monitoring cells by imprinted polymers to the viscoelastic response of living mammalian cells on QCM-resonators.
Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications
Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications combines discussion of the physical properties of piezoelectric and acoustic materials, with the fundamentals, design principles and fabrication methods, and their application in transducers. This book serves as a comprehensive reference on all aspects of piezoelectric materials, such as thermodynamics, crystallography, crystal chemistry, and piezoelectric composite fabrication techniques as they pertain to piezoelectric transducer design and applications.The chapters in this book cover a wide range of topics, which are separated into four sections: Section I. Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity Section II. Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Technology Section III. Transducer Design and Principles Section IV. Piezoelectric Transducer Fabrication Methods
Physics of negative refraction and negative index materials : Optical and electronic aspects and diversified approaches
This book deals with the subject of optical and electronic negative refraction (NR) and negative index materials NIM). Diverse approaches for achieving NR and NIM are covered, such as using photonic crystals, phononic crystals, split-ring resonators (SRRs) and continuous media, focusing of waves, guided-wave behavior, and nonlinear effects.
Physics and Properties of Narrow Gap Semiconductors
Narrow gap semiconductors obey the general rules of semiconductor science, but often exhibit extreme features of these rules because of the same properties that produce their narrow gaps. Consequently, these materials provide sensitive tests of theory, and the opportunity for the design of innovative devices. For example, narrow gap semiconductors are the most important materials for the preparation of advanced modern infrared systems.
Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook
This handbook offers concise information on the properties of polymeric materials, particularly those most relevant to the areas of physical chemistry and chemical physics. In the second edition of Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, each chapter has been extensively updated and revised. The number of chapters have increased from 52 to 63 to include novel polymeric structures, specifically rotaxanes and related materials, self-assembly materials, foldamer supramolecular structures, tribology, mechanical properties of single molecules, and dendrimers, as well as reinforcing phases in polymers, including carbon black, silica, clays and other layered fillers, POSS, carbon nanotubes, and reinforcement theory.
Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy : An Introduction to TEM, SEM, and AEM
Scanning and stationary-beam electron microscopes have become an indispensable tool for both research and routine evaluation in materials science, the semiconductor industry, nanotechnology, and the biological and medical sciences. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy provides an introduction to the theory and current practice of electron microscopy for undergraduate students who want to acquire an appreciation of how basic principles of physics are utilized in an important area of applied science, and for graduate students and technologists who make use of electron microscopes. At the same time, this book will be equally valuable for university teachers and researchers who need a concise supplemental text that deals with the basic principles of microscopy.
Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 1 : Basic Effects
Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 1 - Basic Effects is the first of three volumes within the Springer Series in Optical Sciences. The book gives a comprehensive treatment of photorefractive effects in crystals and reviews our present understanding of the fundamental origins of the effect in a variety of materials from ferroelectrics to compound semiconductors, organic crystals, and polymers. Researchers in the field and graduate students of solid-state physics and engineering will gain a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect and find a rich reference source.
Photorefractive materials and their applications - 3 : Applications
In this third volume a series of applications on photorefractive nonlinear optics and optical data storage are presented. Several chapters contain sufficient introductory material for those not so familiar with the topic to obtain a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect.
Photorefractive materials and their applications - 2 : Materials
The book gives a comprehensive review of the most important photorefractive materials and discusses the physical properties of organic and inorganic crystals as well as poled polymers. In this volume, photorefractive effects have been investigated at wavelengths covering the UV, visible and near infrared.
Photonic Crystals : Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices
Just like the periodical crystalline potential in solid state crystals determines their properties for the conduction of electrons, the periodical structuring of photonic crystals leads to envisioning the possibility of achieving a control of the photon flux in dielectric and metallic materials. The use of photonic crystals as cages for storing, filtering or guiding light at the wavelength scale paves the way to the realization of optical and optoelectronic devices with ultimate properties and dimensions. This will contribute towards meeting the demands for greater miniaturization imposed by the processing of an ever increasing number of data.
Photonic Crystals : Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices
Just like the periodical crystalline potential in solid-state crystals determines their properties for the conduction of electrons, the periodical structuring of photonic crystals leads to envisioning the possibility of achieving a control of the photon flux in dielectric and metallic materials. The use of photonic crystals as a cage for storing, filtering or guiding light at the wavelength scale thus paves the way to the realisation of optical and optoelectronic devices with ultimate properties and dimensions. This should contribute toward meeting the demands for a greater miniaturisation that the processing of an ever increasing number of data requires. Photonic Crystals intends at providing students and researchers from different fields with the theoretical background needed for modelling photonic crystals and their optical properties, while at the same time presenting the large variety of devices, from optics to microwaves, where photonic crystals have found applications. As such, it aims at building bridges between optics, electromagnetism and solid-state physics.
Photonic Crystals : Physics and Technology
The aim of the work is give an overview of the activity in the field of Photonic Crystal developed in the frame of COST P11 action . The main objective of the COST P11 action was to unify and coordinate national efforts aimed at studying linear and nonlinear optical interactions with Photonic Crystals (PCs), without neglecting an important aspect related to the material research as idea and methods of realizations of 3D PC, together with the development and implementation of measurement techniques for the experimental evaluation of their potential applications in different area, as for example telecommunication with novel optical fibers, lasers, nonlinear multi-functionality, display devices , opto-electronics, sensors.
Photonic Crystal Fibers : Properties and Applications
This book is intended to provide an expert guidance through the properties of photonic crystal fibers, with a specific focus on the telecommunication aspects. The book will benefit researchers with an interest to explore this field of telecommunication, looking at current as well as emerging applications.
Phase Transitions of Simple Systems
This monograph develops a unified microscopic basis for phases and phase changes of bulk matter and small systems in terms of classical physics. The origins of such phase changes are derived from simple but physically relevant models of how transitions between rigid crystalline, glassy and fluid states occur, how phase equilibria arise, and how bulk properties evolve from those of small systems.
Pharmaceutical Powder and Particles
Reviews important aspects of powder and particle systems and the critical quality attributes that should be used as a guide to future developments intended to maximize the control of product quality and performance. Drs. Hickey and Giovagnoli have written an essential primer for any scientists involved in powder or particle research and manufacturing. Pharmaceutical Powder and Particles is appropriate for those just entering the field or as a rapid reference for the experienced pharmaceutical scientist.The authors have both academic and industrial experience and the coverage includes solid state chemistry; crystallization; physical processes; particle size and distribution; particle interaction; manufacturing processes; quality by design;and a general discussion of the industry.
