الصفحة 3
الصفحة 3
Preventing Crime : What Works for Children, Offenders, Victims and Places
Crime prevention should be rational and should be based on the best possible evidence. Decision-makers should weigh heavily any available evidence on what works best. How can a program that has produced no discernable evidence of effectiveness, as shown through numerous evaluations, be considered for implementation? This book is about evidence-based crime prevention.
Pregnancy and the pharmaceutical industry : The movement towards evidence-based pharmacotherapy for pregnant women
Pregnancy and the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Movement towards Evidence-Based Care for Pregnant Women explores the issues surrounding the decision to undertake clinical trials with pregnant women. There is currently a lack of data on the safety and effectiveness of medications used during pregnancy as it is impossible to extrapolate that information from drug studies on men and non-pregnant women. As a majority of pregnant women confront a medical condition during their pregnancy, from simple pain, to ongoing or new medical issues, this book quantifies the current absence of pregnant women in drug studies and identifies ethical issues, barriers, litigation fears and opportunities.
Precision Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology
Addresses the main problem that nevertheless prevents widespread - plication of CMOS smart temperature sensors: their relatively poor absolute accuracy. Several new techniques are introduced to improve this accuracy. The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated using three prototypes. ? The ?nal prototype achieves an inaccuracy of±0.1 C over the military t- perature range, which is a signi?cant improvement in the state of the art. Since smart temperature sensors have been the subject of academic and industrial research for more than two decades, an overview of existing knowledge and techniques is also provided throughout the book.
Plastics for Corrosion Inhibition
The development of polymer composites containing inhibitors of metal corrosion is an important endeavour in modern materials science and technology. Corrosion inhibitors can be located in a polymer matrix in the solid, liquid or gaseous phase. This book details the thermodynamic principles for selecting these components, their compatibility and their effectiveness. The various mechanisms of metal protection – barrier, inhibiting and electromechanical – are considered, as are the conflicting requirements placed on the structure of the combined material. Two main classes of inhibited materials (structural and films/coatings) are described in detail. Examples are given of structural plastics used in friction units subjected to mechano-chemical wear and of polymer films/coatings for protecting metal objects against corrosion.
Plants as medicine and aromatics : Pharmacognosy, ecology and conservation
Herbal medicines have consistently demonstrated several major advantages, including a lack of serious adverse side effects, long-lasting curative impact, and an overall cost-effectiveness. Even today, with a plethora of modern pharmaceutical medicines commonly available, plant-based medicines and aromatics are increasingly in demand throughout the health sector globally, where they are used not only for the treatment of disease but also preventatively for maintaining good health. Thus, currently almost two-thirds of the world's population willingly seek side-effect-free alternatives to modern medical treatments and thus depend on phytomedicine for their primary health care.
Plant Selection for Bioretention Systems and Stormwater Treatment Practices
As cities develop, more land is converted into impervious surfaces, which do not allow water to infiltrate. Careful urban planning is needed to ensure that the hydrologic cycle and water quality of the catchment areas are not affected. There are techniques that can attenuate peak flow during rain events and reduce the amount of metals, nutrients, and bacteria that enter the urban water cycle. This brief gives a short introduction on bioretention systems and documents the effectiveness of some 36 plant species in removing water pollutants. A summary on the maintenance requirements is also presented.
Persuasive Technology ; 1st International Conference on Persuasive Technology for Human Well-Being, PERSUASIVE 2006, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, May 18-19, 2006, Proceedings
Persuasive technology is the general class of technology that has the explicit purpose of changing human attitudes and behaviours. Persuasive technologies apply principles of social psychology in influencing people; principles of credibility, trust, reciprocity, authority and the like. Social psychologists have spent a great deal of effort over many years in trying to understand how attitude and behaviour change comes about, focusing on the effectiveness of human persuaders, and the persuasive power of messages delivered through non-interactive mass-media, such as newspapers or television.
Periodontal disease : Diagnosis, management options and clinical features
Periodontal disease (PD), an inflammatory disease of tooth supporting tissues that leads to progressive loss of periodontal ligament and bone, with pocket formation and / or recession of the gums, is widespread among the world adult population and a serious public health issue. In this book, Chapter One reviews the literature about the use of probiotics in periodontal disease, including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, in order to improve the understanding of probiotics’ role in periodontal disease and discusses the effectiveness of their use as a therapy for periodontitis. Chapter Two studies the model of periodontitis induction by ligature and presents a protocol for performing it in rats and mice, based on the experience of the authors’ research group, to guide researchers who wish to develop the model. Chapter Three focuses on nutritional and systemic risk factors for periodontitis, focusing on modifiable common risk factors that also impact cardiometabolic disease, which can be targeted through oral and medical health professionals for improving periodontal and cardiometabolic health. Chapter Four discusses the main manifestations of gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and periodontal disease resulting from systemic diseases.
Oral Contraceptives Interactions
Birth control, also known as contraception, is designed to prevent pregnancy choice of birth control should depend on several factors. These include health, frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners and desire to have children in the future. Interactions between hormonal contraceptives and other medications can cause alteration of therapeutic medication level, increased toxicity, and decreased contraceptive efficacy. Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) include products with estrogen and progestin, including oral contraceptives, hormonal patches, and vaginal rings. Physicians and pharmacists believe that broad-spectrum antibiotics decrease the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives (COCs).
Optimizing Distribution Systems in Asset Management : Institutional Arrangements as Key Factor of Success
The asset management industry in Germany has been increasingly facing the challenge to use measures to also optimize its distributions systems as means for securing competitive advantage. Therefore, this book falls back on new institutional economics approaches of management science to outline with a model-shaping intent the way in which a deliberate choice and design of varying “institutional arrangements" operates as a device for optimizing net inflows from private investors. The results of a comparative multi-case study (incl. Deka, Julius Bär, Fidelity) are used to demonstrate as how in a significantly changing distribution landscape a systematic choice and design of a "partnership"-type of distribution system seems to provide the potential for a sustained improvement in distribution effectiveness. In this context, this inquiry is also able to discuss the impact of single “success factors” or management levers.
Old Buildings New Designs
Increasingly, architects are hired to design new work for existing structures. Whether for reasons of preservation, sustainability, or cost-effectiveness, the movement to reuse buildings presents a variety of design challenges and opportunities. Old Buildings, New Designs is an Architecture Brief devoted to working within a given architectural fabric from the technical issues that arise from aging construction to the controversy generated by the various project stakeholders to the unique aesthetic possibilities created through the juxtaposition of old and new.
Nutraceuticals in respiratory and pulmonary diseases
Explores nutraceuticals that have been found to be effective in managing and treating respiratory and pulmonary diseases. It explains nutritional supplements that function as adjuvants for respiratory health and which may be useful targets for developing innovative nutraceutical-active respiratory products. The book also discusses the role of vitamins, minerals, and functional foods in the prevention and treatment of respiratory illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, airway constriction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), etc. It also explores the potential role of various herbs and foods in the treatment of lung illnesses through the Ayurvedic practices. The effectiveness of various natural and dietary supplements as well as plant and animal-based nutritional supplements for respiratory health are also considered.
Nutraceuticals in arthritis and psoriasis : Management and prevention of diseases
Explores plant-derived nutraceuticals that can be used as crucial therapeutic tools in the prevention and treatment of arthritis and psoriasis, providing detailed information on the use of plant-derived nutraceuticals, such as microalgae and other marine botanicals, omega polyunsaturated fatty acids, glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate, plant-based gum, vitamins and oils, probiotic supplements, and others in the treatment and management of arthritis and psoriasis. The book relates the recent scientific evidence on the effectiveness of each of these nutraceutical treatments, offering case studies, results of clinical studies, and more.
Nitrogen therapy
Cryotherapy: is a surgical method using the application of low temperatures to living tissue, resulting in tissue destruction. It is an extremely valuable alternative to more invasive surgical option because of its cost effectiveness, excellent aesthetic results, and rapid delivery. With proper training, common skin diseases can be treated in a variety of settings, such as ambulatory surgical areas, doctors' offices, and nursing homes.
New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates : Distribution, Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation
The purpose of this volume is to present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in primate field research, ecology, and conservation biology in Mesoamerica. The overall goal of each contribution is to integrate newly collected field data with theoretical perspectives drawn from evolutionary biology, socioecology, biological anthropology, and conservation to identify how our current knowledge of primate behavior and ecology has moved beyond more traditional approaches. A corollary to this, and an important goal of the volume is to identify geographical regions and species for which we continue to lack sufficient information, to develop action plans for future research, and to identify areas for immediate conservation action. Despite many decades of primate research in Mesoamerica, much is still unknown concerning the basic ecology and behavior of these species, demography, current distribution, and conservation status of local populations, and the effectiveness of conservation policies on primate survivorship. Four major areas of research are the focus of the volume: Evolutionary Biology and Biogeography; Population Demography and Ecology; Behavior; and Conservation and Management Policies.
New Corporate Governance: Successful Board Management Tools
it presents an innovative and integrated approach to the theory and practice of corporate governance. Central to this approach is a set of instruments - developed and tested by the author - that can be used by boards to offer effective strategic direction and control to their organizations. The board instruments can be readily applied to the targeted selection, review, remuneration and development of board members, and for conducting board self-evaluations. This new approach to corporate governance is based on four guiding principles: keep it situational, keep it strategic, keep it integrated, and keep it controlled. Together, these principles form the basis of an integrated approach that addresses all key aspects of corporate governance. The main arguments in each section are supported by conceptual models, practical board tools or case studies, making the book ideally suited to board members, senior managers and post-graduate students.
New Corporate Governance : Successful Board Management Tools
Martin Hilb presents an innovative and integrated approach to the theory and practice of corporate governance. Central to this approach is a set of instruments - developed and tested by the author - that can be used by boards to offer effective strategic direction and control to their organizations. The board instruments can be readily applied to the targeted selection, review, remuneration and development of board members, and for conducting board self-evaluations. This new approach to corporate governance is based on four guiding principles: keep it situational, keep it strategic, keep it integrated, and keep it controlled. Together, these principles form the basis of an integrated approach that addresses all key aspects of corporate governance. The main arguments in each section are supported by conceptual models, practical board tools or case studies, making the book ideally suited to board members, senior managers and post-graduate students.
Networked RFID Systems and Lightweight Cryptography : Raising Barriers to Product Counterfeiting
This book considers the methods used by illicit manufactures and traders to introduce counterfeit goods into the supply chain, the extent of their success, the various barriers that may be brought against their actions, and the effectiveness of those barriers. The new field of lightweight cryptography is described in the context of using RFID systems in the fight against counterfeit products, its cost effectiveness is examined and feasible approaches to its deployment are described. Research problems and likely avenues for solutions are also presented to guide a global effort in anti-counterfeiting.
Nanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery : From Concept to Applications
Discusses the current challenges of oral drug delivery, broadly revising the different physicochemical barriers faced by nanotechnolgy-based oral drug delivery systems, and highlighting the challenges of improving intestinal permeability and drug absorption. Oral delivery is the most widely used form of drug administration due to ease of ingestion, cost effectiveness, and versatility, by allowing for the accommodation of different types of drugs, having the highest patient compliance.
Multi-objective Management in Freight Logistics : Increasing Capacity, Service Level and Safety with Optimization Algorithms
Multi-objective Management in Freight Logistics provides decision makers with new methods and tools to implement multi-objective optimization models in logistics. The book combines theoretical aspects with applications, showing the advantages and the drawbacks of adopting scalarization techniques, and when it is worthwhile to reduce the problem to a goal programming one. The book also shows applications where more than one decision maker evaluates the effectiveness of the logistic system and thus a multilevel programming approach is sought to attain meaningful solutions.
