الصفحة 15
الصفحة 15
Malaria : Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects
This book was originally conceived at a conference at the University of Turin in Italy. The conference was organized to examine the so-called “Malaria Hypothesis”, that is to say, the higher fitness of t- lassemia heterozygotes in a malarial environment, and to pay tribute to the proponent of that hypothesis, J.B.S. Haldane. Contributors to this book examine certain genetic and evolutionary aspects of malaria which is a major killer of human populations, especially in Africa and Asia. There were attempts to discredit Haldane’s contribution from two directions: (a) it has been suggested that the “Malaria Hypothesis” was known long before Haldane and that there was nothing original about his idea (Lederberg 1999), and that (b) the hypothesis of heterozygote su- riority was first suggested by the Italian biologist Giuseppe Montalenti who communicated his idea to Haldane (Allison 2004).
Magnetohydrodynamics : Historical Evolution and Trends
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) studies the interaction between the flow of an electrically conducting fluid and magnetic fields. It involves such diverse topics as the evolution and dynamics of astrophysical objects, thermonuclear fusion, metallurgy and semiconductor crystal growth, etc. Although the first ideas in magnetohydrodynamics appeared at the beginning of the last century, the "explosion" in theoretical and experimental studies occurred in the 1950s-60s. This state-of-the-art book aims at revising the evolution of ideas in various branches of magnetohydrodynamics (astrophysics, earth and solar dynamos, plasmas, MHD turbulence and liquid metals) and reviews current trends and challenges.
Magnetism and Accelerator-Based Light Sources : Proceedings of the 7th International School ‘‘Synchrotron Radiation and Magnetism’’, Mittelwihr (France), 2018
Collects the contributions of the seventh school on Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation held in Mittelwihr, France, from 7 to 12 October 2018. It starts with an introduction to the physics of modern X-ray sources followed by a general overview of magnetism.
Magnetic Heterostructures : Advances and Perspectives in Spinstructures and Spintransport
Magnetic heterostructures constitute an important field in magnetism and nanotechnology, which has developed over the past fifteen years due to important advances in epitaxial- growth techniques and lithographic processes. Magnetic heterostructures combine different physical properties which do not exist in nature. Examples are semiconductors/ferromagnets, superconductors/ferromagnets, and ferromagnets/antiferromagnets. These combinations display rich and novel physical properties different from those that exit in any single one of them. Interlayer exchange coupling, exchange bias, proximity effects, giant magneto-resistance, tunneling magneto-resistance, spininjection and spintransport are examples of new physical phenomena that rely on the combination of different materials layers
Magnesium Injection Molding
Injection molding of metallic alloys is a modern and environment-friendly technology with universal features, capable of implementing many conventional and novel processing methods based on semisolid and liquid routes. After its application to magnesium and recent commercialization, it is used to manufacture millions of light-weight, fully-recyclable components for various markets, including consumer electronics housings, automotive parts, sporting goods, household devices and office equipment.
Magnesium
Until recently the physiological role of magnesium was essentially ignored. However, with the development of new technologies to measure the intracellular free concentration of magnesium ([Mg2+]i), the biologically important fraction, there has been an explosion of interest in the molecular, biochemical, physiological and pharmacological functions of magnesium. In addition improved methods for assessing magnesium status in the clinic have contributed to the further understanding of magnesium regulation in health and disease...
Machine learning and big data : Concepts, algorithms, tools and applications
Showcase novel use-cases and applications, present empirical research results from user-centered qualitative and quantitative experiments of these new applications, and facilitate a discussion forum to explore the latest trends in big data and machine learning by providing algorithms which can be trained to perform interdisciplinary techniques such as statistics, linear algebra, and optimization and also create automated systems that can sift through large volumes of data at high speed to make predictions or decisions without human intervention
Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced MOS Devices
Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced CMOS Devices begins with an introduction to noise, describing the fundamental noise sources and basic circuit analysis. The characterization of low-frequency noise is discussed in detail and useful practical advice is given. The various theoretical and compact low-frequency (1/f) noise models in MOS transistors are treated extensively providing an in-depth understanding of the low-frequency noise mechanisms and the potential sources of the noise in MOS transistors. Advanced CMOS technology including nanometer scaled devices, strained Si, SiGe, SOI, high-k gate dielectrics, multiple gates and metal gates are discussed from a low-frequency noise point of view. Some of the most recent publications and conference presentations are included in order to give the very latest view on the topics. The book ends with an introduction to noise in analog/RF circuits and describes how the low-frequency noise can affect these circuits.
Low Power Methodology Manual : For System-on-Chip Design
"Tools alone aren't enough to reduce dynamic and leakage power in complex chip designs - a well-planned methodology is needed. Following in the footsteps of the successful Reuse Methodology Manual (RMM), authors from ARM and Synopsys have written this Low Power Methodology Manual (LPMM) to describe [such] [a] low-power methodology with a practical, step-by-step approach." "Excellent compendium of low-power techniques and guidelines with balanced content spanning theory and practical implementation. The LPMM is a very welcome addition to the field of low power SoC implementation that has for many years operated in a largely ad-hoc fashion."
Long-Term Preservation of Digital Documents : Principles and Practices
Key to our culture is that we can disseminate information, and then maintain and access it over time. While we are rapidly advancing from vulnerable physical solutions to superior, digital media, preserving and using data over the long term involves complicated research challenges and organization efforts. Uwe Borghoff and his coauthors address the problem of storing, reading, and using digital data for periods longer than 50 years. They briefly describe several markup and document description languages like TIFF, PDF, HTML, and XML, explain the most important techniques such as migration and emulation, and present the OAIS (Open Archival Information System) Reference Model. To complement this background information on the technology issues the authors present the most relevant international preservation projects, such as the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, and experiences from sample projects run by the Cornell University Library and the National Library of the Netherlands. A rated survey list of available systems and tools completes the book.
Logic Synthesis for Compositional Microprogram Control Units
In this book control algorithms are represented by the linear graph-schemes of algorithms (GSA), where the number of operator vertices is not less than 75% of the total number of all algorithm vertices. A special class of control units named as compositional microprogram control units (CMCU) is proposed as the best way for interpretation of linear control algorithms.
Local-Moment Ferromagnets : Unique Properties for Modern Applications
Some ferromagnetic materials with localized magnetic moments have become a hot topic in modern solid-state physics because of their potential applications, e.g. in spintronic devices. The magnetic systems of interest comprise diluted magnetic semiconductors and half-metallic ferromagnets. Like conventional concentrated local-moment systems, they are characterized by an exchange interaction between localized magnetic moments and quasi-free charge carriers. The current research on local-moment ferromagnetism is reviewed in a tutorial style by leading experts in this field. Experimentalists present the latest approaches to characterize the unique material properties, and theoreticians propose definitive ideas to explain the observed phenomena. Students and researches alike will benefit from this status report.
Local Pattern Detection ; International Seminar Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, April 12-16, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
Introduction The dramatic increase in available computer storage capacity over the last 10 years has led to the creation of very large databases of scienti?c and commercial information. The need to analyze these masses of data has led to the evolution of the new field knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) at the intersection of machine learning, statistics and database technology. Being interdisciplinary by nature, the field offers the opportunity to combine the expertise of different fields into a common objective. Moreover, within each field diverse methods have been developed and justified with respect to different quality criteria. We have to investigate how these methods can contributet o solving the problem of KDD. Traditionally, KDD was seeking to end global models for the data that - plain most of the instances of the database and describe the general structure of the data. Examples are statistical time series models, cluster models, logic programs with high coverageor classi?cation models like decision trees or linear decision functions. In practice, though, the use of these models often is very l- ited, because global models tend to end only the obvious patterns in the data, 1 which domain experts already are aware of . What is really of interest to the users are the local patterns that deviate from the already-known background knowledge. David Hand, who organized a workshop in 2002, proposed the new field of local patterns.
Local and Semi-Local Bifurcations in Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems : Results and Examples
Once again KAM theory is committed in the context of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. While elliptic and hyperbolic tori determine the distribution of maximal invariant tori, they themselves form n-parameter families. Hence, without the need for untypical conditions or external parameters, torus bifurcations of high co-dimension may be found in a single given Hamiltonian system. The text moves gradually from the integrable case, in which symmetries allow for reduction to bifurcating equilibria, to non-integrability, where smooth parametrisations have to be replaced by Cantor sets. Planar singularities and their versal unfoldings are an important ingredient that helps to explain the underlying dynamics in a transparent way.
Liver MRI : Correlation with other Imaging Modalities and Histopathology
In this seminal manuscript the - thor described a new imaging technique which moved the single dimension of NMR spectroscopy to the dual dimension of spatial orientation, thereby resulting in the foundation of modern magnetic re- nance (MR) imaging. Over the ensuing years, MR imaging has assumed an increasingly important role in clinical imaging. It distinguishes itself from other imaging modalities, such as ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT), by the unique ability to visualize specific tissue components in a non-- vasive manner. In the earlier days, diagnostic MR imaging was limited to cerebral and musculoskeletal diseases. - aging of other areas which are more prone to movement through breathing (abdominal) or pulsation motions (cardiac) became available more recently, with the introduction of faster sequences and the - velopment of more dedicated MR imaging coils.
Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation
High-efficiency micropropagation, with relatively low labour costs, has been demonstrated in this unique book detailing liquid media systems for plant tissue culture. World authorities contribute seminal papers together with papers from researchers across Europe This book is essential reading for all those in commercial micropropagation labs, as well as researchers worldwide who are keen to improve propagation techniques and lower economic costs of production.
Linked Democracy : Foundations, Tools, and Applications
This book shows the factors linking information flow, social intelligence, rights management and modelling with epistemic democracy, offering licensed linked data along with information about the rights involved. This model of democracy for the web of data brings new challenges for the social organisation of knowledge, collective innovation, and the coordination of actions. Licensed linked data, licensed linguistic linked data, right expression languages, semantic web regulatory models, electronic institutions, artificial socio-cognitive systems are examples of regulatory and institutional design (regulations by design). The web has been massively populated with both data and services, and semantically structured data, the linked data cloud, facilitates and fosters human-machine interaction. Linked data aims to create ecosystems to make it possible to browse, discover, exploit and reuse data sets for applications. Rights Expression Languages semi-automatically regulate the use and reuse of content.
Linear Algebraic Monoids
The theory of linear algebraic monoids culminates in a coherent blend of algebraic groups, convex geometry, and semigroup theory. The book discusses all the key topics in detail, including classification, orbit structure, representations, universal constructions, and abstract analogues. An explicit cell decomposition is constructed for the wonderful compactification, as is a universal deformation for any semisimple group. A final chapter summarizes important connections with other areas of algebra and geometry. The book will serve as a solid basis for further research. Open problems are discussed as they arise and many useful exercises are included.
Light, Water, Hydrogen : The Solar Generation of Hydrogen by Water Photoelectrolysis
The development of a direct, inexpensive, and efficient method for converting solar energy into a portable, clean fuel would allow elimination of the growing problems associated with the ever increasing use of fossil fuels and the reality of their rapid depletion. As the title suggests, Light, Water, Hydrogen: The Solar Generation of Hydrogen by Water Photoelectrolysis, considers the combination of water and light with a suitable semiconductor to achieve a safe, renewable and therefore inexhaustable means for hydrogen generation via the splitting of the water molecule, or photoelectrolysis.
Light Scattering in Solids IX : Novel Materials and Techniques
Reviews recent developments concerning mainly semiconductor nanostructures and inelastic x-ray scattering, including both coherent time-domain and spontaneous scattering studies.
