الصفحة 14
الصفحة 14
Playing smart : On games, intelligence, and artificial intelligence
Explores the connections between games and intelligence to offer a new vision of future games and game design. Video games already depend on AI. We use games to test AI algorithms, challenge our thinking, and better understand both natural and artificial intelligence. In the future, Togelius argues, game designers will be able to create smarter games that make us smarter in turn, applying advanced AI to help design games. In this book, he tells us how.0Games are the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. In 1948, Alan Turing, one of the founding fathers of computer science and artificial intelligence, handwrote a program for chess.
Plant-Associated Bacteria
This volume is developed on the broad theme of plant-associated bacteria. It is envisioned as a resource volume for researchers working with beneficial and harmful groups of bacteria associated with crop plants. The book is divided into two parts. Part I (9 chapters) on beneficial bacteria includes chapters on symbiotic nitrogen fixers, diazotrophs, epiphytes, endophytes and rhizosphere bacteria and deleterious rhizobacteria. Part II (8 chapters) consists of detailed descriptions of 8 genera of plant pathogenic bacteria.
Plant Microtubules : Development and Flexibility
Plant microtubules are key elements of cell growth, division and morphogenesis. In addition to their role in plant development and architecture, they have emerged as regulatory elements of signalling and important targets of evolution.Since the publication of the first edition of Plant Microtubules in 2000, our understanding of microtubules and their manifold functions have advanced substantially. Consisting of the following three parts, this book highlights the morphogenetic potential of plant microtubules from three general viewpoints: Microtubules and Morphogenesis: control of cell axis during division and expansion, cross-talk with actin filaments, mechanical properties of the cell wall. Microtubules and Environment: the role of microtubules during the sensing or response of environmental factors such as pathogens or abiotic stresses. Microtubules and Evolution: complexity and specialization of plant microtubules in the context of plant evolution.
Plant Growth Signaling
Plant growth is of great economical and intellectual interest. Plants are the basis of our living environment, the production of our food and a myriad of plant-based natural products. Plant bio-mass is also becoming an important renewable energy resource. The sequencing of model and agronomically important plant genomes allows complete insight into the molecular components involved in each process. Methods to quantify the molecular changes, image growth processes and reconstruct growth regulatory networks are rapidly developing. This knowledge should help to elucidate key regulators and to design methods to engineer plant architecture and growth parameters for future human needs. This volume gives a comprehensive overview of what is known about plant growth regulation and growth restraints due to environmental conditions and should allow readers at all levels an entry into this exiting field of research.
Pixelization Paradigm ; Visual Information Expert Workshop, VIEW 2006, Paris, France, April 24-25, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
The pixelization paradigm states as a postulate that pixelization methods are rich and are worth exploring as far as possible. In fact, we think that the strength of these methods lies in their simplicity, in their high-density way of information representation property and in their compatibility with neurocognitive processes.
Piezoelectric Transducers and Applications
Includes these new developments together with a deep revision and enlargement of the topics already included in the first edition. It provides a guide for graduate students and researchers to the current state of the art of this complex and multidisciplinary area. The book fills an urgent need for a unified source of information on piezoelectric devices and their astounding variety of existing and emerging applications. Some of the chapters focus more on the basic concepts of the different disciplines involved and are presented in a didactic manner. Others go deeper into the complex aspects of specific fields of research, thus reaching the technical level of a scientific paper. Among other topics resonant sensors, especially bulk acoustic wave thickness shear mode resonators, chemical and bio-sensors, as well as broadband ultrasonic systems are treated in-depth.
Physics of Societal Issues : Calculations on National Security, Environment, and Energy
This book on the Physics of Societal Issues, The subdivisions of physics - nuclear physics, particle physics, condensed-matter physics, biophysics. Physics of Societal Issues is intended for undergraduate and doctoral students who may work on applied topics, or who simply want to know why things are the way they are.
Physics of Automatic Target Recognition
Physics of Automatic Target Recognition addresses the fundamental physical bases of sensing, and information extraction in the state-of-the art automatic target recognition field. The issues of modeling of target signatures in various spectral modalities, LADAR, IR, SAR, high resolution radar, acoustic, seismic, visible, hyperspectral, in diverse geometric aspects will be addressed.
Physical Testing of Rubber
This new edition presents an up-to-date introduction to the standard methods used for testing, quality control analysis, product evaluation, and production of design data for rubber and elastomers. Factors to be incorporated in the revision include the effects of newer instrumentation, the cutting back of laboratory staff, increased demands for formal accreditation and calibration, trend to product testing, overlap of thermoplastic elastomers with plastics and increased need for design data.
Photonic Crystals : Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices
Just like the periodical crystalline potential in solid state crystals determines their properties for the conduction of electrons, the periodical structuring of photonic crystals leads to envisioning the possibility of achieving a control of the photon flux in dielectric and metallic materials. The use of photonic crystals as cages for storing, filtering or guiding light at the wavelength scale paves the way to the realization of optical and optoelectronic devices with ultimate properties and dimensions. This will contribute towards meeting the demands for greater miniaturization imposed by the processing of an ever increasing number of data.
Photonic Crystals : Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices
Just like the periodical crystalline potential in solid-state crystals determines their properties for the conduction of electrons, the periodical structuring of photonic crystals leads to envisioning the possibility of achieving a control of the photon flux in dielectric and metallic materials. The use of photonic crystals as a cage for storing, filtering or guiding light at the wavelength scale thus paves the way to the realisation of optical and optoelectronic devices with ultimate properties and dimensions. This should contribute toward meeting the demands for a greater miniaturisation that the processing of an ever increasing number of data requires. Photonic Crystals intends at providing students and researchers from different fields with the theoretical background needed for modelling photonic crystals and their optical properties, while at the same time presenting the large variety of devices, from optics to microwaves, where photonic crystals have found applications. As such, it aims at building bridges between optics, electromagnetism and solid-state physics.
Phase Transitions in Cell Biology
Phase transitions occur throughout nature. So "convenient" a feature is seen throughout the domains of physics and chemistry, and one is therefore led to wonder whether it might also be common to biology. Indeed, many of the most fundamental cellular processes are arguably attributable to radical structural shifts triggered by subtle changes that cross a critical threshold. These processes include transport, motion, signaling, division, and other fundamental aspects of cellular function.Largely on the basis of this radical concept, a symposium was organized in Poitiers, France, to bring together people who have additional evidence for the role of phase transitions in biology, and this book is a compendium of some of the more far-reaching of those presentations, as well as several others that seemed to the editors to be compelling.The book should be suitable for anyone interested in the nature of biological function, particularly those who tire of lumbering along well trodden pathways of pursuit, and are eager to hear something fresh. The book is replete with fresh interpretations of familiar phenomena, and should serve as an excellent gateway to deeper understanding.
Persuasive Technology ; 1st International Conference on Persuasive Technology for Human Well-Being, PERSUASIVE 2006, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, May 18-19, 2006, Proceedings
Persuasive technology is the general class of technology that has the explicit purpose of changing human attitudes and behaviours. Persuasive technologies apply principles of social psychology in influencing people; principles of credibility, trust, reciprocity, authority and the like. Social psychologists have spent a great deal of effort over many years in trying to understand how attitude and behaviour change comes about, focusing on the effectiveness of human persuaders, and the persuasive power of messages delivered through non-interactive mass-media, such as newspapers or television.
Personal Wireless Communications ; The 12th IFIP International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications (PWC 2007), Prague, Czech Republic, September 2007
The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.
Perception in Multimodal Dialogue Systems ; 4th IEEE Tutorial and Research Workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems, PIT 2008, Kloster Irsee, Germany, June 16-18, 2008. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th IEEE Tutorial and Research Workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems, PIT 2008, held in Kloster Irsee, Germany, in June 2008.The 37 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited keynote lecture were carefully selected from numerous submissions for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on multimodal and spoken dialogue systems, classification of dialogue acts and sound, recognition of eye gaze, head poses, mimics and speech .
Perceiving Geometry : Geometrical Illusions Explained by Natural Scene Statistics
Understanding vision, whether from a neurobiological, psychological or philosophical perspective, represents a daunting challenge that has been pursued for millennia. During at least the last few centuries, natural philosophers, and more recently vision scientists, have recognized that a fundamental problem in biological vision is that the physical sources underlying sensory stimuli are unknowable in any direct sense. In vision, because physical qualities are conflated when the 3-D world is projected onto the 2-D image plane of the retina, the provenance of light reaching the eye at any moment is inevitably uncertain. This quandary is referred to as the inverse optics problem. The relationship of the real world and the information conveyed to the brain by light present a profound problem. Successful behavior in a complex and potentially hostile environment clearly depends on responding appropriately to the sources of visual stimuli rather than to the physical characteristics of the stimuli as such. If the retinal images generated by light cannot specify the underlying reality an observer must deal with, how then does the visual system produce behavior that is generally successful? Perceiving Geometry considers the evidence that, with respect to the perception of geometry, the human visual system solves this problem by incorporating past human experience of what retinal images have typically corresponded to in the real world.
Pediatric Orthopedics in Practice
The idea for this book originated from pediatricians who were frequently encountering patients with musculoskeletal problems and who, during a course in pediatric orthopaedics, expressed a wish for a book that would take into account the standpoint of the pediatrician, as well as those of the children and parents.This book also aims to stress the regional (rather than a systematic) subdivision of disorders. After all, a child does not come to the doctor’s office saying »I’m suffering from a growth disorder« or »I have a congenital condition«. Rather he or she will say »my back hurts« or »I have a stabbing pain in my knee«.
Pediatric Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Genetics
"This volume includes : a review of current knowledge of the causes of myopia in experimental animal models and the implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of myopia in man. There are also chapters on preschool vision screening and management of amblyopia."
Pediatric Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
The field of pediatric bone and soft tissue sarcomas has experienced a gradual but surprising transformation. Fundamental discoveries in the molecular biology of disease, recent breakthroughs in diagnostic imaging, and revolutionary surgical techniques have created unprecedented synergies and a refreshing vision with which to approach the diagnosis and treatment of these pediatric tumors. This book highlights the paths leading to the emergence of such a new vision and presents salient concepts in epidemiology, novel tools in imaging and molecular biology, and principles of drug development as the scaffold to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of pediatric sarcomas. The book is aimed at providing an up-to-date comprehensive reference text which articulates a multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis and treatment of each of these often challenging diseases.
Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence ; 1st International Conference, PReMI 2005, Kolkata, India, December 20-22, 2005, Proceedings
Constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, PReMI 2005, held in Kolkata, India in December 2005. The 108 revised papers presented together with 6 keynote talks and 14 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 250 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on clustering, feature selection and learning, classification, neural networks and applications, fuzzy logic and applications, optimization and representation, image processing and analysis, video processing and computer vision, image retrieval and data mining, bioinformatics application, Web intelligence and genetic algorithms, as well as rough sets, case-based reasoning and knowledge discovery.
