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الصفحة 10
الصفحة 10
Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced MOS Devices
Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced CMOS Devices begins with an introduction to noise, describing the fundamental noise sources and basic circuit analysis. The characterization of low-frequency noise is discussed in detail and useful practical advice is given. The various theoretical and compact low-frequency (1/f) noise models in MOS transistors are treated extensively providing an in-depth understanding of the low-frequency noise mechanisms and the potential sources of the noise in MOS transistors. Advanced CMOS technology including nanometer scaled devices, strained Si, SiGe, SOI, high-k gate dielectrics, multiple gates and metal gates are discussed from a low-frequency noise point of view. Some of the most recent publications and conference presentations are included in order to give the very latest view on the topics. The book ends with an introduction to noise in analog/RF circuits and describes how the low-frequency noise can affect these circuits.
Low-Dimensional Molecular Metals
Assimilating new research in the field of low-dimensional metals, this monograph provides a detailed overview of the current status of research on quasi-one- and two-dimensional molecular metals, describing normal-state properties, magnetic field effects, superconductivity, and the phenomena of interacting p and d electrons. It will be useful not only for frontier researchers with a broad interest in low-dimensional electronic and magnetic properties, but also for graduate students of solid-state physics and chemistry with some background knowledge of solid-state physics. It includes a number of fundamental and novel findings relating to the characteristics of these low-dimensional metals, which in future are likely to become standard material in textbooks on solid-state physics.
Low Thermal Expansion Glass Ceramics
Describes the fundamental principles, the manufacturing process, and applications of low thermal expansion glass ceramics. The composition, structure, and stability of polycrystalline materials having a low thermal expansion are described, and it is shown how low thermal expansion glass ceramics can be manufactured from appropriately chosen glass compositions. Examples illustrate the formation of this type of glass ceramic by utilizing normal production processes together with controlled crystallization. Thus glass ceramics with thermal coefficients of expansion of less than 0.3 x 10(-6)K(-1) can be obtained. Even for the mass production of high-quality cooktop panels (Ceran®., oven windows, and other household appliances a high reproducibility of the properties is achieved. Special glass ceramics (Zerodur®. for technological and scientific applications such as high-precision optics or large astronomical mirrors are likewise discussed. The completely revised edition also features new sections on glass-ceramic applications, with details on their performance, CDC-grinding, and laser gyroscopes containing Zerodur®..
Low Power Methodology Manual : For System-on-Chip Design
"Tools alone aren't enough to reduce dynamic and leakage power in complex chip designs - a well-planned methodology is needed. Following in the footsteps of the successful Reuse Methodology Manual (RMM), authors from ARM and Synopsys have written this Low Power Methodology Manual (LPMM) to describe [such] [a] low-power methodology with a practical, step-by-step approach." "Excellent compendium of low-power techniques and guidelines with balanced content spanning theory and practical implementation. The LPMM is a very welcome addition to the field of low power SoC implementation that has for many years operated in a largely ad-hoc fashion."
Low Molecular Mass Gelators : Design, Self-Assembly, Function
Chapter 1 presents the physical principles of the growth mechanism of fiber and fiber network with LMGs, as treated on the basis of the heterogeneous nucleation model. in Chaps. 2 and 3, respectively. These chapters are intended to outline useful synthetic guidelines for the generation of an ever-increasing variety of molecular architectures within these two families of gelators. Recent developments in the chemistry of nucleobase-containing LMGs are described in Chap. 4. Hydrogen-bonding within these molecular systems involves complementary base pair formation, a process relevant to DNA double-helix formation The self-assembly of chiral organo- or hydrogelators is the subject of Chap. 5. result from the orthogonal self-assembly of liquid crystals and LMGs are presented in Chap. 6. The volume concludes with Chap. 7, a review of the emerging field of dendritic gels.
Local Newforms for GSp(4)
Local Newforms for GSp(4) describes a theory of new- and oldforms for representations of GSp(4) over a non-archimedean local field. This theory considers vectors fixed by the paramodular groups, and singles out certain vectors that encode canonical information, such as L-factors and epsilon-factors, through their Hecke and Atkin-Lehner eigenvalues. While there are analogies to the GL(2) case, this theory is novel and unanticipated by the existing framework of conjectures. An appendix includes extensive tables about the results and the representation theory of GSp(4).
Linking and Aligning Scores and Scales
In this book, experts in statistics and psychometrics describe classes of linkages, the history of score linkings, data collection designs, and methods used to achieve sound score linkages. They describe and critically discuss applications to a variety of domains including equating of achievement exams, linkages between computer-delivered exams and paper-and-pencil exams, concordances between the current version of the SAT® and its predecessor, concordances between the ACT® and the SAT®, vertical linkages of exams that span grade levels, and linkages of scales from high-stakes state assessments to the scales of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP).
Linear Selection Indices in Modern Plant Breeding
This open access book focuses on the linear selection index (LSI) theory and its statistical properties. It addresses the single-stage LSI theory by assuming that economic weights are fixed and known - or fixed, but unknown - to predict the net genetic merit in the phenotypic, marker and genomic context. Further, it shows how to combine the LSI theory with the independent culling method to develop the multistage selection index theory. The final two chapters present simulation results and SAS and R codes, respectively, to estimate the parameters and make selections using some of the LSIs described. It is essential reading for plant quantitative geneticists, but is also a valuable resource for animal breeders.
Light Scattering Reviews 3 : Light Scattering and Reflection
Ddevoted to modern knowledge and milestones in both experimental and theoretical techniques related to light scattering and radiative transport problems. It will consist of 3 parts comprising 11 contributions written by world leading experts in their respective fields. The general focus of the book will be on remote sensing of geophysical media. The first part will be devoted exclusively to studies of single light scattering by particles of different shapes and chemical compositions. The first chapter will review in situ measurements of cloud optical characteristics like cloud extinction and phase function, with the emphasis on ice clouds. Chapter 2 will cover opitcally soft particles common in marine environments and bio-suspensions while Chapter 3 will describe numerical techniques applicable not only to isotropic but also to chiral and anisotropic mdia. The final chapter in this part will deal with spatial symmetries in light scattering problems.
Light and Light Sources : High-Intensity Discharge Lamps
Light and Light Sources gives an introduction to the working principles of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps and points out challenges and problems associated with the development and operation of HID lamps. The state-of-the-art in electrode and plasma diagnostics as well as numerical methods used for the understanding of HID lamps are described. This volume addresses students as well as scientists and researchers at universities and in industry.
Life - As a Matter of Fat : The Emerging Science of Lipidomics
Lipids are as important for life as proteins, sugars, and genes. The present book gives a multi-disciplinary perspective on the physics of life and the particular role played by lipids and the lipid-bilayer component of cell membranes. The book is aimed at undergraduate students and young research workers within physics, chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, nutrition, as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. The emphasis is on the physical properties of lipid membranes seen as soft and molecularly structured interfaces. By combining and synthesizing insights obtained from a variety of recent studies, an attempt is made to clarify what membrane structure is and how it can be quantitatively described. Furthermore, it is shown how biological function mediated by membranes is controlled by lipid membrane structure and organization on length scales ranging from the size of the individual molecule, across molecular assemblies of proteins and lipid domains in the range of nanometers, to the size of whole cells. Applications of lipids in nano-technology and biomedicine are also described.
Le raisonnement bayésien : Modélisation et inférence = Bayesian reasoning : Modeling and inference
Describes in detail the practice of the Bayesian statistical approach using many examples chosen for their educational interest. The first part gives the general principles of statistical modeling making it possible to supervise but also to come to the aid of the imagination of the apprentice modeler. By examining examples of increasing difficulty, the reader forges the keys to building their own model. The second part presents the most useful calculation algorithms for estimating the unknowns of the model. Each inference method is presented and illustrated by numerous application cases.
Law as Symbolic Form : Ernst Cassirer and the Anthropocentric View of Law
In this book we describe the rule of law as the reign of persuasion rather than the reign of force, and democracy as the reign by persuasion rather than the reign by force.
Lattice : Multivariate Data Visualization with R
R is rapidly growing in popularity as the environment of choice for data analysis and graphics both in academia and industry. Lattice brings the proven design of Trellis graphics (originally developed for S by William S. Cleveland and colleagues at Bell Labs) to R, considerably expanding its capabilities in the process. Lattice is a powerful and elegant high level data visualization system that is sufficient for most everyday graphics needs, yet flexible enough to be easily extended to handle demands of cutting edge research. Written by the author of the lattice system, this book describes it in considerable depth, beginning with the essentials and systematically delving into specific low levels details as necessary. No prior experience with lattice is required to read the book, although basic familiarity with R is assumed.
Lateral Alignment of Epitaxial Quantum Dots
Accurate positioning of self-organized nanostructures on a substrate surface can be regarded as the Achilles’ heel of nanotechnology. This perception also applies to self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots. This book describes the full range of possible strategies to laterally align self-assembled quantum dots on a substrate surface, starting from pure self-ordering mechanisms and culminating with forced alignment by lithographic positioning. The text addresses both short- and long-range ordering phenomena and paves the way for the future high integration of single quantum dot devices on a single chip. Contributions by the best-known experts in this field ensure that all relevant quantum-dot heterostructures are elucidated from diverse relevant perspectives.
Lasers and Nuclei : Applications of Ultrahigh Intensity Lasers in Nuclear Science
Lasers and Nuclei describes the generation of high-energy-particle radiation with high-intensity lasers and its application to nuclear science. A basic introduction to laser--matter interaction at high fields is complemented by detailed presentations of state of the art laser particle acceleration and elementary laser nuclear experiments. The text also discusses future applications of lasers in nuclear science, for example in nuclear astrophysics, isotope generation, nuclear fuel physics and proton and neutron imaging.
Laser Resonators and Beam Propagation : Fundamentals, Advanced Concepts, Applications
Optical Resonators provides a detailed discussion of the properties of optical resonators for lasers from basic theory to recent research. In addition to describing the fundamental theories of resonators such as geometrical optics, diffraction, and polarisation the characteristics of all important resonator schemes and their calculation are presented. Experimental examples, practical problems and a collection of measurement techniques support the comprehensive treatment of the subject. Optical Resonators is the only book currently available that provides a comprehensive overview of the the subject. Combined with the structure of the text and the autonomous nature of the chapters this work will be as suitable for those new to the field as it will be invaluable to specialists conducting research. This second edition has been enlarged by new sections on Q-switching and resonators with internal phase/amplitude control. In addition, the whole book has been brought up-to-date.
Large Coulomb Systems: Lecture Notes on Mathematical Aspects of QED
A mathematically consistent formulation of relativistic quantum electrodynamics (QED) has still to be found. Nevertheless, there are several simplified effective models that successfully describe many body quantum systems and the interaction of radiation with matter. Large Coulomb Systems explores a selection of mathematical topics inspired by QED. It comprises selected, expanded and edited lectures given by international experts at a topical summer school and is intended as a high-level introduction for graduate students, postdocs and nonspecialists from related fields.
Language in our brain : The origins of a uniquely human capacity
Friederici describes the basic language functions and their brain basis; the language networks connecting different language-related brain regions; the brain basis of language acquisition during early childhood and when learning a second language, proposing a neurocognitive model of the ontogeny of language; and the evolution of language and underlying neural constraints. She finds that it is the information exchange between the relevant brain regions, supported by the white matter tract, that is the crucial factor in both language development and evolution.
Land-Change Science in the Tropics : Changing Agricultural Landscapes
Land use and land-cover change research over the past decade has focused mainly on contemporary primary land-cover conversions in the tropics and sub-tropics, with considerable resources dedicated to the explanation and prediction of tropical deforestation and often ignoring the dynamism in the world’s agro-pastoral landscapes. This collection integrates cutting-edge research in the social, biogeophysical, and geographical information sciences to understand the human and environmental dynamics that change the type, magnitude and location of land uses and land covers in the changing countryside.This book describes the monitoring of land-cover changes, explains the processes through which land is altered, and describes the development of spatially-explicit models to predict land change. This book illustrates how practitioners have integrated knowledge from the three scientific realms - social, biophysical, and GIScience - that underpin land-change science.
