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International trade theory : Capital, knowledge, economic structure, money, and prices over time
The development of international trade theory has created a wide array of different theories, concepts and results. Economic students are trained to understand international interactions by severally incompatible theories one by one in the same course. In order to overcome incoherence among multiple theories, we need a general theoretical framework which enables us to account for the phenomena explained by the current theories in a unified manner to draw together all of the disparate branches of trade theory into a single organized system of knowledge. This book provides a powerful – but easy to operate - engine of analysis that sheds light not only on trade theory per se, but on many other dimensions that interact with trade, including inequality, saving propensities, education, research policy, and knowledge. The book starts with the traditional static trade theories. Then, it develops dynamic models with capital and knowledge under perfect competition and/or monopolistic competition.
International Impacts on Social Policy : Short Histories in Global Perspective
This book consists of 39 short essays that exemplify how interactions between inter- and trans-national interdependencies and domestic factors have shaped the dynamics of social policy in various parts of the world at different points in time. Each chapter highlights a specific type of interdependence which has been identified to provide us with a nuanced understanding of specific social policy developments at discrete points in history. The volume is divided into four parts that are concerned with a particular type of cross-border interrelation. The four parts examine the impact on social policy of trade relations and economic crises, violence, international organisations and cross-border communication and migration.
Interactive systems. design, specification, and verification ; 15th International Workshop, DSV-IS 2008 Kingston, Canada, July 16-18, 2008 Revised Papers
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems, DSV-IS 2008, held in Kingston, Canada, in July 2008.The 21 revised full papers and 10 late breaking and experience report papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions for inclusion in the book. The papers cover user interface evaluation and specification, with particular emphasis on the use of task models to provide high-level approaches for capturing the intended functionality of a user interface; examining techniques for modeling user interfaces, particularly for mobile and ubiquitous applications.
Interactions Between Neurons and Glia in Aging and Disease
The subject material covered by the book is a crucial competitive area with critical implications for human health and will be of key interest to the scientific community. This unique volume will be invaluable not only to those interested in neuroscience, but also cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical sciences.
Interactions Between Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field : A Theoretical Approach to Ion Stopping in Magnetized Plasmas
This monograph focusses on the influence of a strong magnetic field on the interactions between charged particles in a many-body system. Two complementary approaches, the binary collision model and the dielectric theory are investigated in both analytical and numerical frameworks.
Interactions : Mathematics, Physics and Philosophy, 1860-1930
This is an outstanding collection of original essays. All of them concern the history and philosophy of mathematics and physics in the years from 1870 to 1930. More specifically, they are intellectual histories of the interactions between the three disciplines, philosophy, mathematics and physics, they too often overlook the wealth of philosophical perplexities that can arise in detailed examples and case studies, both contemporary and historical. This volume refocuses our attention by addressing a number of topics connected to applied mathematics, any one of which is worthy of every philosopher’s attention.
Intelligent Media Technology for Communicative Intelligence ; 2nd International Workshop, IMTCI 2004, Warsaw, Poland, September 13-14, 2004. Revised Selected Papers
The 2nd Workshop on Intelligent Media Technology for Communicative Intelligence commemorating the 10th anniversary of the Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology in Warsaw aimed to explore the current research topics in the ?eld of int- ligent media technologies for communicative intelligence. Communicative intelligence represents a new challenge towards building a sup- intelligence on the ubiquitous global network by accumulating a huge amount of - man andknowledgeresources.The term "communicativeintelligence"re?ects the view that communication is at the very core of intelligence and its creation. Communication permits novel ideas to emerge from intimate interactions by multiple agents, ranging from collaboration to competition. The recent advance of information and commu- cation technologies has established an information infrastructure that allows humans and artifacts to communicate with each other beyond space and time. It enables us to advance a step further to realize a communicative intelligence with many fruitful applications. Intelligentmediatechnologiesattempttocaptureandaugmentpeople’scommuni- tive activities by embedding computers into the environment to enhance interactions in an unobtrusive manner. The introduction of embodied conversational agents that might mediate conversations among people in a social context is the next step in the p- cess. The scope of intelligent media technologies includes design and development of intelligent supports for content production, distribution, and utilization, since rich c- tent is crucial for communication in many applications. The promising applications of intelligence media technologies include e-learning, knowledge management systems, e-democracy, and other communication-intensivesubject domains.
Integrated Management and Biocontrol of Vegetable and Grain Crops Nematodes
The second volume of the IMPD series describes aspects related to most important phytoparasitic nematodes, considering the integration of biological control methods with other management practices and technologies, including the use of predatory nematodes and microbial rhizosphere antagonists. Chapters cover topics like the mode of action and interactions of nematophagous fungi, the efficacy of controll and management of plant parasitic nematode communities through a soil conservation approach, and exploitation of nematodes-bacteria antagonistic relationships.
Insights into Receptor Function and New Drug Development Targets
G-Protein Coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other receptors are significant targets for drug discovery, due to their roles in fundamental physiological processes. Among these roles are: regulation of growth, food intake, reproduction, water balance, sensory perception, blood pressure and heart rate. GPCR-directed drugs account for approximately $40 billion in sales and, of drugs at market, approximately 70% target GPCR function. The availability of combinatorial chemistry coupled with high throughput screening techniques have facilitated discovery of peptidic and non-peptidic ligands of membrane receptors. Mutant receptor models have revealed their role in health and disease and provided insight to new therapeutic approaches, based on control of protein trafficking. Understanding receptor-receptor interactions has provided one mechanism for receptor cross-talk and revealed unexpected interactions.
Insects and Ecosystem Function
In the past two decades, an increasing number of ecologists have started to investigate the importance of biodiversity for ecological processes such as energy flow and nutrient cycling, often referred to as 'ecosystem functioning'. Insects are a dominant component of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and play a key role in mediating the relationship between plants and ecosystem processes. This volume is the first to summarize their effects on ecosystem functioning, focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on herbivorous insects. Renowned authors with extensive experience in the field of plant-insect interactions, contribute to the volume using examples from their own work. In addition to providing concise reviews of the field, this volume discusses in detail the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques of manipulating insect herbivory. Thus, the text provides both a theoretical basis as well as practical advice for future manipulative studies of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning.
Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coatings for Advanced Manufacturing ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coating, Kiev, Ukraine,12 - 15 May 2004.
Modern industry imposes ever increasing requirements upon tools and tool materials as to the provision for performance under the conditions of high cutting speeds and dynamic loads as well as under intensive thermal and chemical interactions with workpiece materials. The industry demands a higher productivity in combination with the accuracy of geometry and dimensions of workpieces and quality of working surfaces of the machined pieces. These requirements are best met by the tool superhard materials (diamond and diamond-like cubic boron nitride). Ceramics based on silicon carbide, aluminum and boron oxides as well as on titanium, silicon and aluminum nitrides offer promise as tool materials. Tungsten-containing cemented carbides are still considered as suitable tool materials. Hi- hardness and high strength composites based on the above materials fit all the requirements imposed by machining jobs when manufacturing elements of machinery, in particular those operating under the extreme conditions of high temperatures and loads.
Innovative approaches for learning and knowledge sharing ; 1st European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2006, Crete, Greece, October 1-4, 2006, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EiTEL 2006, held in Crete, Greece in October 2006. The 32 revised full papers, 13 revised short papers and 31 poster papers presented together with 2 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 192 submissions. The conference provides a unique forum for all research related to technology-enhanced learning, as well as its interactions with knowledge management, business processes and work environments. Topics addressed are collaborative learning, personalized learning, multimedia content, semantic web, metadata and learning, workplace learning, learning repositories and infrastructures for learning, as well as experience reports, assesment, and case studies.
Influences of the IEA Civic and Citizenship Education Studies : Practice, Policy, and Research Across Countries and Regions
This book identifies the multiple ways that IEA’s studies of civic and citizenship education have contributed to national and international educational discourse, research, policymaking, and practice. The IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS), first conducted in 2009, was followed by a second cycle in 2016. The project was linked to the earlier IEA Civic Education Study (CIVED 1999, 2000). IEA’s ICCS remains the only large-scale international study dedicated to formal and informal civic and citizenship education in school. It continues to make substantial contributions to understanding the nature of the acquired civic knowledge, attitudes, and participatory skills. It also discusses in-depth how a wide range of countries prepare their young people for citizenship in changing political, social, and economic circumstances. The next cycle of ICCS is planned for 2022.
Inelastic Light Scattering of Semiconductor Nanostructures : Fundamentals and Recent Advances
Semiconductor nanostructures are a field of enormous and still-growing research interest. On one hand, they are already realized in mass products, e.g., in high-electron-mobility field-effect transistors and quantum-well lasers. On the other hand, they allow, in specially tailored systems, the investigation of fundamental properties, such as many-particle interactions of electrons in reduced dimensions. This book attempts to fill the gap between general semiconductor textbooks and research articles. It provides (i) an introduction into the basic concepts of inelastic light scattering on semiconductor nanostructures and into their fabrication and basic properties, and, (ii) a description of the most striking recent advances in this field. Each chapter is as self-contained as possible.
Impact of drug-microbiome interactions on drug response
Explains the mechanisms of drug-microbiome interactions, as well as the role of multiomic approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomics, and 16S rRNA sequencing to assess drug response variability. Findings suggest that integrating microbiome profiling into precision medicine could enhance personalized drug therapy, minimize adverse effects and optimize treatment outcomes.
Immunology of Pregnancy
Reproductive Immunology is a growing area in both immunology and reproductive sciences and is helping us to better understand several complications of pregnancy. Immunology of Pregnancy is the first book to give a complete and up to date review of our knowledge related to the role of the immune system during pregnancy and the interactions between the placenta and the maternal immune system. This new title covers in detail all the different hypotheses and studies related to the immunology of implantation and provide a practical approach for the application of basic reproductive immunology research to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, pre-term labor and IUGR.
Immunology for Dentistry
Fulfils the need for a comprehensive overview of oral immunology and its key aspects for dental medicine. Its broad-based and accessible coverage introduces readers to all essential elements of oral immunology, from mechanisms of the immune system through to specific diseases and pathogens and their interactions with the immune system. This thorough text will provide an understanding of the link between the oral immune system and oral microbiome as contributors to oral health.
Immunology and Immunopathogenesis of Malaria
This collection of reviews addresses many of these important issues of malarial immunity and immunopathology. They are of interest not only to malariologists, but hopefully also to the broader immunological community. Strong interactions with, and feedback from immunologists working in other infectious diseases and in basic immunology will help us to move the field of malaria immunology and therapeutic intervention forward more quickly.
Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Disease
Utoimmunity is the downstream outcome of a rather extensive and coordinated series of events that include loss of self-tolerance, peripheral lymphocyte Aactivation, disruption of the blood-systems barriers, cellular infiltration into the target organs and local inflammation. Cytokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors, antibodies, and other molecules induce and regulate critical cell functions that perpetuate inflammation, leading to tissue injury and clinical phenotype. The nature and intensity of this response as well as the physiological ability to restore homeostasis are to a large extent conditioned by the unique amino acid sequences that define allelic variants on each of the numerous participating mol ecules. Therefore, the coding genes in their germline configuration play a primary role in determining who is at risk for developing such disorders, how the disease progresses, and how someone responds to therapy. Although genetic components in these diseases are clearly present, the lack of obvious and homogeneous modes of transmission has slowed progress by prevent ing the full exploitation of classical genetic epidemiologic techniques. Furthermore, autoimmune diseases are characterized by modest disease risk heritability and m- tifaceted interactions with environmental influences. Yet, several recent discoveries have dramatically changed our ability to examine genetic variation as it relates to human disease. In addition to the development of large-scale laboratory methods and tools to efficiently recognize and catalog DNA diversity, over the past few years there has been real progress in the application of new analytical and data-manage ment approaches
Immune receptors : Methods and protocols
Explores immune cell receptors that are used in the detection of microbes, either by binding directly to non-self molecules or through indirectly sensing microbe-associated cellular disturbances. The covers methods for studying receptor-ligand interactions at both molecular and cellular levels; methods to create and characterize novel antibody reagents; and methods to characterize the molecular processes that lead to adaptive receptor maturation. This book also contains chapters that look at high-throughput strategies that describe the diversity of immune receptors and cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
