An overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) : Pathogenesis, classification, and management

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly referred to as lupus, is a complex and chronic autoimmune disorder that poses significant challenges to patients and healthcare providers alike. Affecting predominantly women of childbearing age, over 90% of those diagnosed are female, resulting in a striking female-to-male ratio of approximately 9:1. This condition exemplifies the intricate interplay between immune dysregulation and tissue damage, influenced by a combination of genetic predispositions, environmental triggers, hormonal factors, and immunological aberrations