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Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes Bioactivation and Antioxidant Defense
Xenobiotics are commonly referred to as xenobiotics that humans digest or inhale and are not produced by the body, such as foods, drugs, other chemicals, and air pollutants. Metabolic conversion of xenobiotics to facilitate their removal from the body is catalyzed by activation and detoxification enzymes. These enzymes are essential for bioactivation and detoxification of xenobiotics. Many xenobiotics are non-toxic in nature; however, some of them become cytotoxic or carcinogenic after metabolic conversion. Reactive intermediates or metabolites generated during metabolic conversion are generally electrophilic in nature and are either cations or neutral compounds, including reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Metabolic reactive intermediate-mediated oxidative stress can cause damages to cellular components such as impairment of protein functions, membrane lipid peroxidation, and formation of DNA adduct.
Whole-cell biocatalysis : Next-generation technology for green synthesis of pharmaceutical, chemicals, and biofuels
Is a promising and emerging field of biological science that is mostly based on advancements in biosystems engineering for the production of useful products such as chemicals, fuels, and pharmaceuticals. It is a unique platform that provides an efficient catalytic system at affordable cost and with low maintenance. Recent studies have proven that whole-cell catalysis is very useful in conducting many complex and complicated chemical reactions that could be executed with greater ease and in an eco-friendly manner in ambient conditions with zero/minimal ecological effect. This has made whole-cell biocatalysis very popular and a center of significance in the field of modern biological catalysis.
Westcotts Plant Disease Handbook
In its revised, improved and expanded 7th Edition, Westcott’s Plant Disease Handbook presents newly discovered diseases and newly identified hosts in the classic format that has won favor with readers at every level of expertise and experience. Dictionary-style entries permit easy access to essential information, and numerous illustrations help identify important diseases. New and updated material includes significant taxonomic changes in fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes; recently discovered diseases and new hosts for previously known plant-pathogens; changes in chemicals and pesticides and updates on regulations governing their use; integrated pest management and biological control. The Handbook offers additional conveniences: useful cross references, indexes, illustrative plates of 34 key diseases, and 40 black and white illustrations of other diseases. This updated edition of a long-trusted resource will serve a broad audience, from amateur backyard gardeners to landscape architects, arborists, florists, nursery professionals and plant scientists.
Twenty-Sixth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals
Presents state-of-the-art research on how biotechnology is being used to produce high-volume, low-price products from renewable resources, as well as to improve the environment. In addition to the sessions on the conversion of lignocellulose into sugars and the conversion of sugars into products and fuels, this symposium focused on a review of the concept of the biorefinery-the integrated production of multiple products and energy at one site. Session topics included advanced feedstock production and processing, enzyme and microbial biocatalysts, bioprocess research and development, opportunities in biorefineries, and commercialization of biobased products. There was also a session on improving the rate, concentration, and efficiency of biological hydrogen production, and on designing processes to accomplish this. There was a general recognition among the participants of the need to move beyond corn sugar as the primary feedstock into lignocellulosics.
Twenty-Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals
In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: The Twenty-Seventh Symposium, leading US and international researchers from academia, industry, and government exchange cutting-edge technical information and update current trends in the development and application of biotechnology for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. This symposium emphasizes advances in biotechnology to produce high-volume, low-price products from renewable resources, while improving the environment. The major areas of interest include advanced feedstock production and processing, enzymatic and microbial biocatalysis, bioprocess research and development, opportunities in biorefineries, and commercialization of biobased products.
Therapeutic use of medicinal plants and their extracts ; Vol.2 : Phytochemistry and bioactive compounds
Starts with a general introduction to phytochemistry, followed by chapters on plant constituents, their origins and chemistry, but also discussing animal-, microorganism- and mineral-based drugs. Further chapters cover vitamins, food additives and excipients as well as xenobiotics and poisons. The book also explores the herbal approach to disease management and molecular pharmacognosy and introduces methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant constituents. Phytochemicals are classified as primary (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, amino acid derivations, etc.) or secondary (e.g. alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, etc.) metabolites according to their metabolic route of origin, chemical structure and function. A wide variety of primary and secondary phytochemicals are present in medicinal plants, some of which are active phytomedicines and some of which are pharmaceutical excipients.
Therapeutic Applications of Honey and its Phytochemicals ; Vol.2
Provides evidence-based information on the pharmaceutical potential of honey along with its therapeutic applications and precise mechanisms of action. It discusses in detail the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of honey, highlighting the economic and culturally significant medicinal uses of honey and comprehensively reviewing the scientific research on the traditional uses, chemical composition, scientific validation, and general pharmacognostical characteristics. Given its scope, it is a valuable tool for researchers and scientists interested in drug discovery and the chemistry and pharmacology of honey.
Therapeutic Applications of Honey and its Phytochemicals ; Vol.1
Provides evidence-based information on the pharmaceutical potential of honey along with its therapeutic applications and precise mechanisms of action. It discusses in detail the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of honey, highlighting the economic and culturally significant medicinal uses of honey and comprehensively reviewing the scientific research on the traditional uses, chemical composition, scientific validation, and general pharmacognostical characteristics. Given its scope, it is a valuable tool for researchers and scientists interested in drug discovery and the chemistry and pharmacology of honey.
The mystery of Tamoxifen
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been shown to reduce the risk of developing estrogen-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen, a potent SERM, has been successfully administered as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. However, uterine pathologic changes may develop due to the effect of tamoxifen as both an agonist and antagonist of estrogen on the uterus. Here, we discuss a case of breast cancer treated with tamoxifen to clarify one of the most important complications, namely, endometrial hyperplasia.
The Mediterranean Sea
This volume deals with several aspects of the chemical contamination of the Mediterranean Sea and its health. After a description of the general physical and socio-economic context, exploration of processes governing the fate of chemicals, the budget of both inorganic and organic major and preoccupant contaminants and a description of new tools to study the impact of pollution on the Mediterranean Sea are discussed. The book serves as a reference source for the chemical aspects of the Mediterranean Sea for students and scientists and a practical guide for those who have professional responsibility for the management and operation of environmental impact assessment programmes.
The Interactions Between Sediments and Water
This book focuses on sediments as a pollutant in natural freshwater and marine habitats, and as a vector for the transfer of chemicals such as nutrients and contaminants. Sediment-water research is carried out all over the world within a variety of disciplines. The selected papers cover three main topics : assessment and/or restoration of disturbed watersheds / ediment-water linkages in terrestrial and aquatic environments / evaluation of sediment and ecological changes in marine and freshwater habitats
The flavonoids : Extraction and applications
Flavonoids are known to have positive effects on human and animal health and are employed for disease therapy and chemoprevention. Presents recent advances of polyphenol (flavonoids) derivatives for the management and prevention of diseases. It summarizes the classification of flavonoids and explores their potential as immunity-boosting compounds for mental health, for prevention of cardiovascular illnesses, for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory uses, for their use in vasodilation, for their use in dermatology and cosmetic preparation, and more. The various methods of flavonoid extraction are addressed, including the main parameters involved in extraction, such as temperature, solvent used, sample quantity, time for extraction, etc. The book also looks at the role of flavonoids in sustainable agriculture.
The Chemistry of Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals II
Updates and compiles the biochemical, molecular knowledge of the still growing family of collagenous proteins. Its intention is to provide a comprehensive summary of all mechanisms known to be involved in synthesis, processing and deposition of collagen molecules, all of which are apparently shared by any known collagen type as part of a common biosynthetic route. From the intracellular initiation of protein translation to the extracellular deposition of mature molecules into the scaffold of the preformed tissue texture, collagen biosynthesis exhibits a profile of mechanisms absolutely unique when compared to other proteins. Among these are posttranslational modifications, triple helix formation and stabilization as well as supramolecular assembly of individual molecules to form fibrils and three dimensional networks or to provide cellular anchorage.
The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry in China: Opportunities and Threats for Foreign Companies
Don’t miss out on China!” and “What are you doing about China?” Catch phrases like these are spreading among managers all over the world. Just take a brief look at the business class occupancy of flights from Europe, North America or Japan to major Chinese cities: This gives you a glimpse of how business people are attracted by steady growth rates of 6 percent to 10 percent. It also indicates how much attention is given to a market featuring 1.3 billion potential consumers and a government committed to rapidly changing the country from an agricultu- dominated developing country into one of the world’s economic powerhouses. Most of the global industrial players have had economic ties with China for decades already, but they were further strengthened after the country’s opening to the world in the early 1980s. Furthermore, China’s accession to the World Trade Or- nization is expected to catapult this already surging economy into another sphere of development.
The captagon crisis in Syria : A pharmaceutical perspective
The synthesis of Captagon involves the chemical condensation of theophylline and amphetamine using acetic anhydride and organic solvents such as dichloromethane. Illicit production is concentrated in conflict-affected regions like Syria and Lebanon, where regulation is limited and precursor chemicals are accessible.Detection relies on chromatographic techniques—primarily gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS)—which identify both Captagon and its active metabolites, amphetamine and theophylline, in biological samples.
The Black Sea Environment
There appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives of Environmental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose of this book on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Envir- mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over five million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about hundred and fifty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually.
Textile toxicity
Explores the toxicological implications of various chemicals commonly used in textile manufacturing, including trace elements, flame retardants, benzothiazoles/benzotriazoles, and formaldehyde. Trace elements such as chromium, lead, and antimony, commonly present in clothing, are associated with skin irritation, allergic reactions, systemic toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Flame retardants, particularly brominated and organophosphate types, are linked to endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and developmental harm. Benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles are pervasive in textiles and can permeate the skin, disrupt hormones, and impair neurodevelopment, especially in male offspring during prenatal exposure.
Synthetic nitrogen products : A practical guide to the products and processes
Provides a comprehensive description of: 1) products that are made from or that contain nitrogen; 2) the processes that produce these products; and 3) the markets that consume these products. I have attempted to present the material in a standardized format that should make this book easy to use and helpful to the readers. The standard format for each product is : Introduction, Process, Production, and Uses, with some variations in different chapters. This book provides information that could be used by a wide range of readers: Fertilizer companies to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Basic chemical companies to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Specialty chemical companies to investigate new chemical production and/or sales opportunities and the processes that could make those sales a possibility. Chemical distributors to obtain a feel for the general market size for some chemicals and the basic handling and distribution procedures for various chemicals. Engineering Companies to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market.
Sustainable strategies for the upgrading of natural gas : Fundamentals, challenges, and opportunities ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Vilamoura, Portugal, July 6 - 18, 2003
The conversion of remote natural gas into liquid fuels or other transportable chemicals is a challenge to industrial catalysis. Few processes exist so far with the major ones involving the conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas by steam reforming, CO2 reforming, or partial oxidation, followed by the syntheses of methanol, hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), or ammonia. In this book, a comprehensive overview of the field of processing natural gas is given, through a series of chapters written by leading scientists and engineers in the field. New developments are discussed and current work relevant to the area is shown by a series of recent works by researchers working in this and related fields."
Supramolecular Dye Chemistry
Dye chemistry was one of the initial topics of chemical research in the academicas well as industrial field. At the early stage of dye research, in the last decades ofthe 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the focus was on the elucidationof structures of natural dyes aiming at the development of their chemicalsyntheses and to establish theoretical concepts for the understanding of thecolor–constitution relationship as a prerequisite for the design of new artificialcolorants. The major outcome of these pioneering efforts for mankind was thatcolor is no more a privilege of nature and, hence, multi-colored paints enteredour everyday life and textiles of any desirable shade became accessible.Nowadays most colorants have the purpose to satisfy our aesthetical needsand, thus, thousands of dyes and pigments are produced on industrial scales.Nevertheless, nearly periodically new demands arise for so-called “functionaldyes” whoseπ-conjugated systems exhibit novel functionalities beyond aes-thetical purposes. Optical brighteners or near-infrared absorbers are exampleswhere even transparency in the visible spectrum is desired and dyes for non-linear optics, holographic optical data storage and two photon absorptionare further examples where the color properties of “dyes” are insignificantlyrelated to the functional demands. Each chapter begins with an outline, abstract, and set of key words and ends with a ‘forward look’ that provides suggestions for further studies in the field. In summary, this book complements earlier ones in the field pertaining to functional dyes in general and supramolecular assemblies specifically.
