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Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils
Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remediate environmental media, is being pursued as a new approach for the cleanup of contaminated soils and waters, including groundwater. Phytoremediation technologies are in the early stages of development, with laboratory research and limited field trials being conducted to determine processes and refine methods. Additional research, including genetic engineering, is being conducted to improve the natural capabilities of plants to perform remediation functions and to investigate other plants with potential phytoremediation applications. Large areas in Western and Eastern countries are polluted with heavy metals and radionuclides in natural, rural, urban or industrial areas.
Phytopharmaceuticals : Potential Therapeutic Applications
Covers these bioactive compounds, their available sources, how the bioactive molecules are isolated from the plants, the biochemistry, structural composition and potential biological activities. Also discussed are the pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants, phytochemistry and biological activities of different natural products, ethnobotany and medicinal properties, as well as a novel dietary approach for various disease management and therapeutic potential. The importance of phytopharmaceutical of plants and potential applications in the food and pharma industries is highlighted.
Physiologic Anchorage Control : A New Orthodontic Concept and its Clinical Application
Provides a comprehensive introduction to physiologic anchorage control, explains the implications for clinical practice, and presents an anchorage technique applicable for the treatment of different malocclusions. This book explores the pattern of upper molar growth in depth, highlights the physiologic significance of the curve of Spee, and analyzes the biomechanics of physiologic anchorage control.
Physics of Spin in Solids : Materials, Methods and Applications
Most recent publications on spin-related phenomena focus on technological aspects of spin-dependent transport, with emphasis on the specific needs of spintronics. The present publication targets rather fundamental problems related to the physics of spin in solids, such as: (1) manifestation of spin and orbital polarization in spectroscopy, including valence and X-ray photoemission, magneto-optics, low-energy electron scattering on the surface; (2) application of new methods for interpretation and determination of magnetic low-lying excitations in the bulk and on the surface; (3) recent progress in evaluation of different type of magnetic forces including spin-orbit and exchange interaction, with subsequent determination of anisotropy and spin-ordering structure; (4) general problems of spin-dependent transport in semiconductors and metals, such as current-caused torque effect on spins at interfaces and spin injection in quantum dot systems; (5) problems in understanding the spin-dependent trends in unconventional superconductors; (6) many-body problems in solid state physics and recent progress in evaluation of self-energy effects; (7) fabrication of new magnetic materials with pre-programmed properties based on assembly from nano-particles, etc.
Physics of polymer gels
This book elucidates in detail the physics of polymer gels and reviews their unique properties that make them attractive for innumerable applications. Geared towards experienced researchers and entrants to the field, it covers rubber elasticity, swelling and shrinking, deformation and fracture of as well as mass transport in polymer gels, enabling the readers to purposefully design polymer gels fit for specific purposes.
Physics for Medical Imaging Applications
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Optimising Detectors, Imaging and Computing Technologies from Nuclear Physics in General and Security Applications, Archamps, France, 27 October - 8 November 2005.
Physical pharmacy and instrumental : Methods of analysis
Caters to the basic need of the pharmacy graduates studying physical and analytical chemistry, a subject taught in all the four years. Covers the pharmaceutical aspect and applications of topics in pharmacy, use of basic physical chemistry concepts to pharmaceutical science.
Physical Limitations of Semiconductor Devices
Provides an in depth understanding of the phenomena and regularities that play a critical role in the limitation of semiconductor device capabilities. It discusses how thermo-electrical breakdown, conductivity modulation, and electrical and spatial current instability phenomena affect the limitations of the devices. The authors give examples of the phenomena ranging from elementary semiconductor diode structures to discrete power and integrated components. They also show circuits both for silicon and compound semiconductor devices. The emphasis of the book is on the physical approach to reliability assurance, safe operating area, and ESD problems.Physical Limitations of Semiconductor Devices provides an important link between the theoretical aspects of the physics of semiconductor devices, non-linear physics, and the practical applications of microelectronics.
Physical Design Essentials : An ASIC Design Implementation Perspective
Physical Design Essentials explains the basic steps required in the physical design of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). The subject matter presentation follows the industry-common ASIC physical design flow. Topics covered include: Basic standard cell design, transistor-sizing, and layout styles / Linear, non-linear, and polynomial characterization / Physical design constraints and floor planning styles / Algorithms used for placement / Clock tree synthesis / Algorithms used for global and detailed routing / Parasitic extraction / Functional timing and physical methods of verification / Testing Techniques
Physical Acoustics in the Solid State
Suitable for researchers and graduate students in physics and material science, "Physical Acoustics in the Solid State" reviews the modern aspects in the field, including many experimental results, especially those involving ultrasonics. Practically all fields of solid-state physics are covered: metals, semiconductors, magnetism, superconductivity, different kinds of phase transitions, low-dimensional systems, and the quantum Hall effect. After a review of the relevant experimental techniques and an introduction to the theory of elasticity, emphasizing the symmetry aspects, applications in the various fields of condensed matter physics are presented. Also treated are Brillouin-scattering results and results from thermodynamic investigations, such as thermal expansion and specific heat.
PHP 8 Solutions : Dynamic Web Design and Development Made Easy
Design and build dynamic PHP-based web sites and applications / Get started right away through practical examples that you can reuse / Incorporate PHP 8 elements including named attributes, constructor property promotion, and union types / Understand the subtle, but important differences between switch and match / Work with the latest PHP 8 techniques, innovations, and best practices
PHP 5 Recipes : A Problem-Solution Approach
First, this book is a source of instant solutions, including countless pieces of useful code that you can just copy and paste into your own applications, giving you answers fast and saving you hours of coding time. Second, this book is a useful reference to the most important aspects of the PHP 5 language, including the vital functions you know and love from previous versions of PHP, as well as the functions introduced in PHP 5. Finally, this book explains the PHP 5 functionality in detail, including the vastly improved object-oriented capabilities and the new MySQLi database extension.
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Generation
This comprehensive description and discussion of photovoltaics (PV) is presented at a level that makes it accessible to the interested academic. Starting with an historical overview, the text outlines the relevance of photovoltaics today and in the future. Then follows an introduction to the physical background of solar cells and the most important materials and technologies, with particular emphasis placed on future developments and prospects. The book goes beyond technology by also describing the path from the cell to the module to the system, proceeding to important applications, such as grid-connected and stand-alone systems. The composition and development of the markets and the role of PV in future energy systems are also considered. Finally, the discussion turns to the future structure of energy supplies, expected to comprise more distributed generation, and addresses synergies and competition from other carbon-free energy sources.
Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 1 : Basic Effects
Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 1 - Basic Effects is the first of three volumes within the Springer Series in Optical Sciences. The book gives a comprehensive treatment of photorefractive effects in crystals and reviews our present understanding of the fundamental origins of the effect in a variety of materials from ferroelectrics to compound semiconductors, organic crystals, and polymers. Researchers in the field and graduate students of solid-state physics and engineering will gain a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect and find a rich reference source.
Photorefractive materials and their applications - 3 : Applications
In this third volume a series of applications on photorefractive nonlinear optics and optical data storage are presented. Several chapters contain sufficient introductory material for those not so familiar with the topic to obtain a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect.
Photorefractive materials and their applications - 2 : Materials
The book gives a comprehensive review of the most important photorefractive materials and discusses the physical properties of organic and inorganic crystals as well as poled polymers. In this volume, photorefractive effects have been investigated at wavelengths covering the UV, visible and near infrared.
Photonic Crystals : Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices
Just like the periodical crystalline potential in solid-state crystals determines their properties for the conduction of electrons, the periodical structuring of photonic crystals leads to envisioning the possibility of achieving a control of the photon flux in dielectric and metallic materials. The use of photonic crystals as a cage for storing, filtering or guiding light at the wavelength scale thus paves the way to the realisation of optical and optoelectronic devices with ultimate properties and dimensions. This should contribute toward meeting the demands for a greater miniaturisation that the processing of an ever increasing number of data requires. Photonic Crystals intends at providing students and researchers from different fields with the theoretical background needed for modelling photonic crystals and their optical properties, while at the same time presenting the large variety of devices, from optics to microwaves, where photonic crystals have found applications. As such, it aims at building bridges between optics, electromagnetism and solid-state physics.
Photonic Crystals : Physics and Technology
The aim of the work is give an overview of the activity in the field of Photonic Crystal developed in the frame of COST P11 action . The main objective of the COST P11 action was to unify and coordinate national efforts aimed at studying linear and nonlinear optical interactions with Photonic Crystals (PCs), without neglecting an important aspect related to the material research as idea and methods of realizations of 3D PC, together with the development and implementation of measurement techniques for the experimental evaluation of their potential applications in different area, as for example telecommunication with novel optical fibers, lasers, nonlinear multi-functionality, display devices , opto-electronics, sensors.
Photonic Crystal Fibers : Properties and Applications
This book is intended to provide an expert guidance through the properties of photonic crystal fibers, with a specific focus on the telecommunication aspects. The book will benefit researchers with an interest to explore this field of telecommunication, looking at current as well as emerging applications.
Photon-based Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology
Light has always played a significant role in the synthesis of materials and formation of small-scale solid structures. The invention of holographic and phase mask projection has enabled engineers to fabricate devices with characteristic features much smaller than the wavelength of the light used for processing. A further reduction of device dimensions has been achieved by implementing the processes that rely strongly on the non-linear effects of light-matter interaction. The intention of this book was to provide the Reader, primarily graduate students and young researchers in materials engineering, bio(chem)physics, medical physics and biophysics, with a set of articles reviewing state-of-the art research and recent advancements in the field of photon-matter interaction for micro/nanomaterials synthesis and manipulation of properties of biological and inorganic materials at the atomic level.
