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An Introduction to Sequential Dynamical Systems
This text is the first to provide a comprehensive introduction to SDS. Driven by numerous examples and thought-provoking problems, the presentation offers good foundational material on finite discrete dynamical systems which leads systematically to an introduction of SDS. Techniques from combinatorics, algebra and graph theory are used to study a broad range of topics, including reversibility, the structure of fixed points and periodic orbits, equivalence, morphisms and reduction. Unlike other books that concentrate on determining the structure of various networks, this book investigates the dynamics over these networks by focusing on how the underlying graph structure influences the properties of the associated dynamical system.
Alternatives to Animal Testing : Proceedings of Asian Congress 2016
This book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs.
Algorithmic information theory : Mathematics of digital information processing
This book treats the Mathematics of many important areas in digital information processing.It covers, in a unified presentation, five topics: Data Compression, Cryptography, Sampling (Signal Theory), Error Control Codes, Data Reduction. The thematic choices are practice-oriented. So, the important final part of the book deals with the Discrete Cosine Transform and the Discrete Wavelet Transform, acting in image compression. The presentation is dense, the examples and numerous exercises are concrete. The pedagogic architecture follows increasing mathematical complexity.
Air quality integrated assessment : A European perspective
This book reports on the results of an extended survey conducted across Europe within the framework of the APPRAISAL FP7 project to determine the extent to which an integrated assessment approach to air quality is being adopted, on the one hand, by regional and local authorities to develop air quality plans and, on the other, by researchers. Following a detailed analysis of the role and structure of the components of an integrated assessment study, the results of the survey are considered from a variety of perspectives.
Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides ; Vol. 1 : ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025
Contains peer-reviewed papers from the Fourth World Landslide Forum organized by the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL), the Global Promotion Committee of the International Programme on Landslides (IPL), University of Ljubljana (UL) and Geological Survey of Slovenia in Ljubljana, Slovenia from May 29 to June 2, 2017. The complete collection of papers from the Forum is published in five full-color volumes
Advances in the toxicity of construction and building materials
Presents the potential and toxic effects of building materials on human health, along with tactics on how to minimize exposure. Chapters are divided into four sections covering the toxicity of indoor environments, fire toxicity, radioactive materials, and toxicity from plastics, metals, asbestos, nanoparticles and construction wastes. Key chapters focus on the reduction of chemical emissions in houses with eco-labelled building materials and potential risks posed by indoor pollutants that may include volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), radon, NOx, asbestos and nanoparticles.
Advances in Meshfree Techniques
In recent years meshless/meshfree methods have gained a considerable attention in engineering and applied mathematics. The variety of problems that are now being addressed by these techniques continues to expand and the quality of the results obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of many of the methods currently available. The book presents a significant sample of the state of the art in the field with methods that have reached a certain level of maturity while also addressing many open issues.The book collects extended original contributions presented at the first ECCOMAS Conference on Meshless Methods held in 2005 in Lisbon. The list of contributors reveals a mix of highly distinguished authors as well as quite young but very active and promising researchers, thus giving the reader an interesting and updated view of different mesh reduction methods and its range of applications. The material presented is appropriate for researchers, engineers, physicists, applied mathematicians and graduate students interested in this active research area.
Advances in endodontics and periodontics
Aims to improve the state of the art in relation to the most relevant advances in Endodontics and Periodontics. Topics addressed in this Special Issue include alternative treatment strategies such as “green” antimicrobials, the relationship with systemic diseases, new devices and materials which enable a reduction in therapy failures, as well as updating evidence-based knowledge pertaining to endodontics and periodontics.
Advances in Earthquake Engineering for Urban Risk Reduction
It is the vulnerable buildings - liable to cause damage and loss of life - that need immediate attention and urgent appraisal in order to decide if structural rehabilitation and upgrading are feasible. Current economic, efficient and occupant-friendly rehabilitation techniques vary widely and include the application either of precast concrete panels or layers, strips and patches of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) in strategic locations. The papers in this book, many by renowned authorities in earthquake engineering, chart new and vital directions of research and application in the assessment and rehabilitation of buildings in seismic regions. While several papers discuss the probabilistic prediction and quantification of structural damage, others present approaches related with the in-situ and occupant friendly upgrading of buildings and propose both economical and practical techniques to address the problem.
Advanced memory optimization techniques for low-power embedded processors
this book explores a collaborative approach by proposing novel memory hierarchies and software optimization techniques for the optimal utilization of these memory hierarchies. Linking memory architecture design with memory-architecture aware compilation results in fast, energy-efficient and timing predictable memory accesses.The evaluation of the optimization techniques using real-life benchmarks for a single processor system, a multiprocessor system-on-chip (SoC) and for a digital signal processor system, reports significant reductions in the energy consumption and performance improvement of these systems. The book presents a wide range of optimizations, progressively increasing in the complexity of analysis and of memory hierarchies. The final chapter covers optimization techniques for applications consisting of multiple processes found in most modern embedded devices.
Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems ; Vol. 4179 ; 8th International Conference, ACIVS 2006, Antwerp, Belgium, September 18-21, 2006, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, ACIVS 2006, held in Antwerp, Belgium in September 2006. The 45 revised full papers and 65 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from around 242 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on noise reduction and restoration, segmentation, motion estimation and tracking, video processing and coding, camera calibration, image registration and stereo matching, biometrics and security, medical imaging, image retrieval and image understanding, as well as classification and recognition.
Advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems ; Vol. 3708 ; 7th International conference, ACIVS 2005, Antwerp, Belgium, September 20-23, 2005, Proceedings
"Thisvolumecollectsthepapersacceptedforpresentationatthe7thInternational Conferenceon Advanced Conceptsfor IntelligentVision Systems (ACIVS 2005). ThoughACIVS is a conference on all areas in image processing, one of its major domains is image and video compression. A third of the selected papers dealt with compression, motion estimation, moving object detection and other video applications. This year, topics related to clustering, pattern recognition and biometrics constituted another third of the conference. The last third was more related to the fundamentals of image processing, namely noise reduction, ?ltering, restorationandimagesegmentation.We wouldliketothankthe invited speakers Fernando Pereira"
Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies : Environmental Protection and Pollution Reductions
This book about Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Workshop “Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies: Environmental Protection and Pollution Reductions” was held in Kiev (Ukraine) from 15 to 19 May 2006 and was organized by the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (Ukraine) and Cardiff University (UK). These subjects to cover the critical areas of combustion and aerothermal research and development where rapid progress is needed to improve performance in terms of efficiency, compactness, and emissions. This was a very timely and successful Workshop which brought together experts from the NATO and other countries to discuss increasing concerns about emissions.
Adhesive Bonding of Aircraft Composite Structures: Non-destructive Testing and Quality Assurance Concepts
This book is under a CC BY 4.0 license. It presents the results of the ComBoNDT European project, which aimed at the development of more secure, time- and cost-saving extended non-destructive inspection tools for carbon fiber reinforced plastics, adhered surfaces and bonded joints. The book reports the optimal use of composite materials to allow weight savings, reduction in fuel consumptions, savings during production and higher cost efficiency for ground operations.
Active Flow Control ; Papers contributed to the Conference “Active Flow Control 2006”, Berlin, Germany, September 27 to 29, 2006
This volume contains a well balanced combination of theoretical and experimental state-of-the-art results of Active Flow Control. It combines new developments in actuator technology, sensing, robust and optimal open- and closed-loop control and model reduction for control. Numerical and experimental applications are considered from aeronautics, turbo-machinery and combustors.
Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement goals ; Part 2 : Science-based target setting for the finance industry — Net-Zero Sectoral 1.5˚C pathways for real economy sectors
Provides an in-depth analysis of industry sectors globally, and its purpose is to present emission reduction targets in 5-year steps (2025 to 2050) for the main twelve finance sectors per the Global Industry Classification System. This scientific analysis aims to support the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment initiative to give sustainability guidance for the global finance industry. The industry sector pathways presented here are based on the latest global and regional 100% renewable energy and non-energy greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways in order to keep climate change significantly under +1.5 C and thereby achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goals. The heart of this book is three chapters presenting the results of industry scenario modelling. These chapters cover twelve industry and service sectors as well as transportation and buildings. The specific energy demand and specific emissions are presented based on the emission accounting concept of “Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3” emission pathways. This methodology has been developed to measure the climate and sustainability index for companies, and this research project expands the methodology to apply it to entire industry sectors ...
Accounting and Statistical Analyses for Sustainable Development : Multiple Perspectives and Information-Theoretic Complexity Reduction
In this book Claudia Lemke develops a comprehensive Multi-Level Sustainable Development Index (MLSDI) that is applicable to micro, meso, and macro objects by conducting methodological and empirical research.
Abstract Computing Machines : A Lambda Calculus Perspective
The book addresses ways and means of organizing computations, highlighting the relationship between algorithms and the basic mechanisms and runtime structures necessary to execute them using machines. It completely abstracts from concrete programming languages and machine architectures, taking instead the lambda calculus as the basic programming and program execution model to design various abstract machines for its correct implementation. The emphasis is on fully normalizing machines based on full-fledged beta-reductions as essential prerequisites for symbolic computations that treat functions and variables truly as first-class objects. Their weakly normalizing counterparts are shown to be functional abstract machines that sacrifice the flavors of full beta-reductions for decidedly simpler runtime structures and improved runtime efficiency. Further downgrading of the lambda calculus leads to classical imperative machines that permit side-effecting operations on the runtime environment.
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants : Toward the Improvement of Global Environment and Food
Stresses in plants caused by salt, drought, temperature, oxygen, and toxic compounds are the principal reason for reduction in crop yield. For example, high salinity in soils accounts for large decline in the yield of a wide variety of crops world over; ~1000 million ha of land is affected by soil salinity. Increased sunlight leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which damage the plant cells. The threat of global environment change makes it increasingly demanding to generate crop plants that could withstand such harsh conditions. Much progress has been made in the identification and characterization of the mechanisms that allow plants to tolerate abiotic stresses.
