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Symmetry Breaking ; 1st ed.
Devoted to classical field theory, such a mechanism is explained in terms of the occurrence of disjoint sectors and their stability properties and of an improved version of the Noether theorem. For infinitely extended quantum systems, discussed in the second part, the mechanism is related to the occurrence of disjoint pure phases and characterized by a symmetry breaking order parameter, for which non perturbative criteria are discussed, following Wightman, and contrasted with the standard Goldstone perturbative strategy. The Goldstone theorem is discussed with a critical look at the hypotheses that emphasizes the crucial role of the dynamical delocalization induced by the interaction range. The Higgs mechanism in local gauges is explained in terms of the Gauss law constraint on the physical states.
Symbiotic interaction ; 5th International workshop, Symbiotic 2016, Padua, Italy, September 29–30, 2016, revised selected papers
The 12 full papers and 3 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The idea of symbiotic systems put forward in this workshop capitalizes on the computers’ ability to implicitly detect the users goals, preferences or/and psycho-physiological states and thereby enhancing human-computer interaction (HCI). The papers present an overview of the symbiotic relationships between humans and computers with emphasis on user-driven research on symbiotic systems, adaptive systems, implicit input data, physiological computing and BCI, but also on understanding the nature of the interdependence and agency between computers and humans more broadly.
Swarm Robotics ; SAB 2004 International Workshop, Santa Monica, CA, USA, July 17, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
Swarm robotics can be defined as the study of how a swarm of relatively simple physically embodied agents can be constructed to collectively accomplish tasks that are beyond the capabilities of a single one. Unlike other studies on multi-robot systems, swarm robotics emphasizes self-organization and emergence, while keeping in mind the issues of scalability and robustness. These emphases promote the use of relatively simple robots, equipped with localized sensing ability, scalable communication mechanisms, and the exploration of decentralized control strategies. This state-of-the-art survey is the first book devoted to swarm robotics. It is based on the First International Workshop on Swarm Robotics held in Santa Monica, CA, USA in July 2004 as part of SAB 2004
Swarm Robotics ; 2nd SAB 2006 International Workshop, Rome, Italy, September 30-October 1, 2006 Revised Selected Papers
Swarm robotics is the study of how large numbers of relatively simple physically embodied agentscanbe designedsuchthat a desiredcollectivebehavioremerges from the local interactions among agents and between the agents and the en- ronment. Swarm robotics has emerged as a novel approach to the coordination of large numbers of robots and is inspired from observation of social insects – ants, termites, wasps and bees – which stand as fascinating examples of how a large number of simple individuals can interact to create collectively intelligent systems. Socialinsects areknownto coordinatetheir actionsto accomplishtasks that are far beyond the capabilities of a single individual: termites build large and complex mounds, army ants organize impressive foraging raids, ants can collectively carry large prey.
Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes
There are many reasons why strategic intelligence is required to support policy decisions. These primarily stem from the nature of today's kno- edge society with two contrasting trends. On the one hand, there is a trend of increasing human intelligence in the economic, social and political s- tems. On the other hand, there is a trend towards dissolving certainties about the problems and solutions of today's society.
Surface Effects in Magnetic Nanoparticles
The book is aimed to provide an overview of progress in the understanding of surface properties and surface driven effects in magnetic nanoparticles through recent results of different modelling, simulation and experimental investigations. Its intended audience is Ph.D. students and researchers in materials science. Magnetic nanoparticles have been the subject of continuous and growing interest, from both fundamental and technological points of view, in the last 50 years, since the pionering work of Louis Niel. Nanoparticles are unique physical objects with remarkable magnetic properties which differ greatly from their parent massive materials. They are due to finite size effects of the magnetic core, related to the reduced number of spins cooperatively linked within the particle, and to surface and interface effects, related to the lack of coordination for the surface ions, inducing broken exchange bonds which can result in frustration and spin disorder.
Supramolecular Structure and Function 9
Biophysics offers a rational language for discussion among scientists of different disciplines. This is the general philosophy behind the organization of the Summer Schools organized by Rudjer Boškovi ? Institute, Zagreb, Croatia and the Croatian Biophysical Society from 1981 on each third year. Internationally recognized and successfully established nine international summer schools have been organized under the title «Supramolecular Structure and Function».
Supramolecular Structure and Function 8
An enormous amount of new knowledge on the molecular basis of various biological phenomena has emerged in the rapidly expanding field of bioscience. Since the frontiers in scientific research are difficult to define‚ the creation of new knowledge depends not only on new methods and concepts but also on interaction with other fields of research. The principles and methods of biophysics should be a rational language for discussion not only between scientists of the different disciplines of natural sciences‚ such as physics‚ mathematics‚ biochemistry‚ molecular biology and biotechnology‚ but also for medicine and social sciences as well.
Supply Chain Management : Models, Applications, and Research Directions
Brings together some of the most up to date research in the application of operations research and mathematical modeling te- niques to problems arising in supply chain management and e-Commerce. While research in the broad area of supply chain management enc- passes a wide range of topics and methodologies, we believe this book provides a good snapshot of current quantitative modeling approaches, issues, and trends within the field. Each chapter is a self-contained study of a timely and relevant research problem in supply chain mana- ment. The individual works place a heavy emphasis on the application of modeling techniques to real world management problems. In many instances, the actual results from applying these techniques in practice are highlighted. In addition, each chapter provides important mana- rial insights that apply to general supply chain management practice. The book is divided into three parts. The first part contains ch- ters that address the new and rapidly growing role of the internet and e-Commerce in supply chain management. Topics include e-Business applications and potentials; customer service issues in the presence of multiple sales channels, varying from purely Internet-based to traditional physical outlets; and risk management issues in e-Business in B2B m- kets.
Superior Beings. If They Exist, How Would We Know? : Game-Theoretic Implications of Omnipotence, Omniscience, Immortality, and Incomprehensibility
The book shows how game theory can help breathe life into questions that have been dismissed too quickly simply because they are metaphysical--outside the world of experience. Thereby he clarifies the structure of our thought about an ultimate reality, whether or not it is viewed as religious.
Supercomputing Frontiers ; 6th Asian Conference, SCFA 2020, Singapore, February 24–27, 2020, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th Asian Supercomputing Conference, SCFA 2020, which was planned to be held in February 2020, but unfortunately, the physical conference was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 8 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. They cover a range of topics including file systems, memory hierarchy, HPC cloud platform, container image configuration workflow, large-scale applications, and scheduling.
Sugar and skin health
Carbohydrates are an important source of energy for the body. Some types are more healthful than others. For instance, dietary fiber is a carbohydrate that protects heart and gut health, whereas added sugars can lead to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and overweight, Following a well-balanced diet that includes unprocessed 5carbohydrates, and getting enough sleep and physical activity, are more likely to lead to good health and a healthful body weight than focusing on or eliminating a particular nutrient.
Studies of Cave Sediments : Physical and Chemical Records of Paleoclimate
Caves serve as unique repositories for geologic, biologic, and anthropologic information. The sediments within these natural cavities are incredibly diverse. They include secondary minerals such as calcite and gypsum, which occur in sundry forms, as well as allogenic and autogenic clasts. This book is for any geoscience researcher or student with interests in climate change, paleohydrology, karst geology, and sedimentology. Studies of Cave Sediments is the first comprehensive volume on cave sediments. It provides case-studies from around the world, gives guidance on appropriate applications of techniques, and their limitations, synthesizes methods that can be used to decipher complex deposits, and includes chemical deposits (speleothems) as well as clastic sediments.
Structure-based Drug Discovery
Structure-based drug discovery describes the latest developments in technologies that can be used to obtain the 3-D structures including the high profile structural genomics approaches being used worldwide. The use of 3-D protein structures in new, Fragment-based, approaches to drug discovery are described in some detail. This book includes experimental approaches using X-ray crystallography and NMR for Fragment-based screening as well as other biophysical methods for studying protein/ligand interactions. In addition, developments in computational chemistry methodology are covered together with an assessment of practical applications.
Strength Analysis in Geomechanics
The book presents a new approach for the solution of geomechanical problems - it explicitly takes into account deformation and fracture in time, which are neglected in classical methods although these properties create important effects. The method reveals the influence of the form of a structure on its ultimate state. It uses the rheological law which accounts for large strains at a non-linear unsteady creep, an influence of a stress state type, an initial anisotropy and damage. The whole approach takes into account five types of non-linearity (physical as well as geometrical ones) and contains several new ideas. For example, it considers the fracture as a process, the difference between the body and an element of the material which only deforms and fails because it is in the structure, the simplicity of some non-linear computations against the consequent linear ones, the dependence of the maximum strain in dangerous poins of the body only on the material.
Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions : An Introduction
This textbook describes various physical, radiative, dynamical and chemical processes involved in the coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere. Current areas of interest, such as Antarctic ozone hole, global warming effects on stratospheric cooling are also addressed.
Strategic Trading in Illiquid Markets
The Area of Research and the Object of Investigation In this thesis we will investigate trading strategies in illiquid markets from a market microstructure perspective. Market microstructure is the academic term for the branch of financial economics that investigates trading and the organization of security markets, Historically, exchanges evolved as a location, where those interested in buy ing or selling securities could meet physically to transact. Thus, traditionally security trading was organized on exchange floors, where so-called dealers arranged all trades and provided liquidity by quoting prices at which they were willing buy or sell. Consequently, the initial surge of the market mi crostructure literature focused predominantly on this type of market design, which is often referred to as quote-driven. Nowadays, the interest is shifting towards order-driven markets. Beginning with the Toronto Stock Exchange in the mid 1970s and increasing in fre quency and scope, this market structure has emerged as the preeminent form of security trading worldwide. In order-driven markets, exchanges arrange trades by matching public orders, often by employing automatic execution systems. Introduction A major difference between a quote-driven and an order-driven market arises from the transparency pre- and post-trade.
Stochastic Optimization
The search for optimal solutions pervades our daily lives. From the scientific point of view, optimization procedures play an eminent role whenever exact solutions to a given problem are not at hand or a compromise has to be sought, e.g. to obtain a sufficiently accurate solution within a given amount of time. This book addresses stochastic optimization procedures in a broad manner, giving an overview of the most relevant optimization philosophies in the first part. The second part deals with benchmark problems in depth, by applying in sequence a selection of optimization procedures to them. While having primarily scientists and students from the physical and engineering sciences in mind, this book addresses the larger community of all those wishing to learn about stochastic optimization techniques and how to use them.
Stanford University
During the almost thousand-year history of universities, campuses have always been physical spaces. As we end the twentieth century, some univ- sity interactions have moved to cyberspace and the level of activity there grows at a breathtaking speed. At this stage of development, however, the university is still localized in time and space.The university as a place has found its most striking expression in the Anglo-Saxon world. Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard,William and Mary,Yale, Princeton,Virginia, and Stanford are all physical places, campuses to which students remove th- selves for a number of years.They are also places students feel connected with for the rest of their lives. For alumni, memories of their colleges or universities clearly include the physical setting and the architecture or architectures that make up the campuses.
Standardization and Quality Assurance in Fluorescence Measurements I : Techniques
This first of two volumes covers basic aspects and various techniques such as steady-state and time-resolved fluorometry, polarization techniques, and fluorescent chemical sensors.
