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Swarm Intelligence : Introduction and Applications
The laws that govern the collective behavior of social insects, flocks of birds, or fish schools continue to mesmerize researchers. While individuals are rather unsophisticated, in cooperation they can solve complex tasks, a prime example being the ability of ant colonies to find shortest paths between their nests and food sources. Task-solving results from self-organization, which often evolves from simple means of communication, either directly or indirectly via changing the environment, the latter referred to as stigmergy. Scientists have applied these principles in new approaches, for example to optimization and the control of robots. Characteristics of the resulting systems include robustness and flexibility. This field of research is now referred to as swarm intelligence.
Sustainable Urban Logistics : Planning and Evaluation
Begins with an overview of research in urban logistics and then describes and defines the main components: flows, actors, infrastructures, management components, technologies, regulations and financing actions. A unified vision of these elements as well as the definition of sustainable urban logistics is proposed. The book presents the basics of planning and managing sustainable urban logistics. First, the basics of the before-after analysis are introduced, not only for the experiments but also for the simulation of scenarios. To carry out this type of analysis, two main groups of methods are needed: methods for estimating flows and methods for calculating evaluation indicators. The book presents the main global standards and dominant models for the estimation of the urban freight transport demand, i.e. of freight transport needs in urban areas. Then it presents the methods for estimating and simulating transport and distribution schemes (i.e. transport supply) as well as a proposal for integrated supply-demand modeling.
Sustainable Urban Housing in China : Principles and Case Studies for Low-Energy Design
This book features case studies and recommendations for new approaches to environmentally responsive sustainable building, illuminating many principles of sustainability and energy efficiency applicable to buildings worldwide, and in developing countries in particular.
Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes
There are many reasons why strategic intelligence is required to support policy decisions. These primarily stem from the nature of today's kno- edge society with two contrasting trends. On the one hand, there is a trend of increasing human intelligence in the economic, social and political s- tems. On the other hand, there is a trend towards dissolving certainties about the problems and solutions of today's society.
Surgical Scene Generation for Virtual Reality-Based Training in Medicine
One of the most important elements needed for effective training in Virtual Reality (VR) is the generation of variable scenarios. Without this, trainees quickly become familiar with a scene and the natural variations encountered in real-life situations cannot be reproduced. Generating such models in VR-based applications is difficult, but with the increase in computational power (allowing for larger and more finely-detailed virtual environments) there is an increasing demand for improved methods for model acquisition, enhancement, optimization and adaptation.
Surface Effects in Magnetic Nanoparticles
The book is aimed to provide an overview of progress in the understanding of surface properties and surface driven effects in magnetic nanoparticles through recent results of different modelling, simulation and experimental investigations. Its intended audience is Ph.D. students and researchers in materials science. Magnetic nanoparticles have been the subject of continuous and growing interest, from both fundamental and technological points of view, in the last 50 years, since the pionering work of Louis Niel. Nanoparticles are unique physical objects with remarkable magnetic properties which differ greatly from their parent massive materials. They are due to finite size effects of the magnetic core, related to the reduced number of spins cooperatively linked within the particle, and to surface and interface effects, related to the lack of coordination for the surface ions, inducing broken exchange bonds which can result in frustration and spin disorder.
Supply Chain Optimisation : Product/Process Design, Facility Location and Flow Control
Presents new approaches and methods based on operations research, artificial intelligence and computer sciences techniques for design of production systems, supply and inventory management, production planning and scheduling, facility location, transportation and logistics, supply flow optimisation via simulation, etc. The content focuses on a wide spectrum of optimisation problems taking into account supply chain paradigms, which create a pivotal idea to increase the productivity of modern production systems.
Supply Chain Management on Demand : Strategies and Technologies, Applications
New techniques and practices for highly efficient supply chain management are being made possible by the rapid progress in information and communication technologies, laying the foundation for a new wave of applications. Connectivity and the integration of business processes have laid the foundations for an increased visibility over the entire supply chain. Software technologies like portals, data warehouses, reporting systems, and on-line analytical processing (OLAP) are providing the necessary information and visibility for the decision makers. The next step is to assist the decision maker to quickly and optimally respond to unexpected situations. Intelligent analytics can automatically determine the best decision alternative and predict its consequence on the supply chain performance. We use the phrase "sense and respond" to characterize such a supply chain management system that is able to respond quickly and optimally to unexpected situations.
Supply Chain Configuration : Concepts, Solutions, and Applications
Supply Chain Configuration: Concepts, Solutions, and Applications provides a thorough explanation of the supply chain configuration problem and offers solutions that combine the mathematical aspects of problem solving with applications in modern information technology.
Supercomputing ; 6th Russian supercomputing days, RuSCDays 2020, Moscow, Russia, September 21–22, 2020, Revised Selected Papers
This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th Russian Supercomputing Days, RuSCDays 2020, held in Moscow, Russia, in September 2020. The 51 revised full and 4 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 106 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: parallel algorithms; supercomputer simulation; HPC, BigData, AI: architectures, technologies, tools; and distributed and cloud computing.
Substrate Noise Coupling in RFICs
The book reports modeling and simulation techniques for substrate noise coupling effects in RFICs and introduces isolation structures and design guides to mitigate such effects with the ultimate goal of enhancing the yield of RF and mixed signal SoCs . This is particularly critical when process feature sizes scale down to the nano meter range.
Structures Under Crash and Impact : Continuum Mechanics, Discretization and Experimental Characterization
Structures Under Crash and Impact: Continuum Mechanics, Discretization and Experimental Characterization examines the testing and modeling of materials and structures under dynamic loading conditions. Readers will find an in-depth analysis of the current mathematical modeling and simulation tools available for a variety of materials, in addition to both the benefits and limitations they pose in industrial design. The models discussed are also available in commercial codes such as LS-DYNA and AUTODYN. Following a logical and well organized structure, this volume uniquely combines experimental procedures with numerical simulation and features examples from issues taken directly from the automotive, aerospace, and defense industries.
Structures and Dynamics of Autopoietic Organizations : Theory and Simulation
Knowledge, learning, and memory are major concepts in management science and organization theory. First and foremost, they are attributed to individuals rather than organizations. Steffen Blaschke reconsiders the three major concepts in the light of social systems theory. He complements autopoietic organization theory with a clear-cut distinction between individual and organizational knowledge, learning, and memory. Following suit of agent-based modelling, he provides an operationalization of autopoietic organization theory in terms of computational simulation. The author subjects organizational structures and dynamics to a range of simulation scenarios, thereby questioning the effects of work groups and communities of practice as well as personnel turnover and layoff on knowledge, learning, and memory.
Stochastic Simulation : Algorithms and Analysis
Povides a broad treatment of such sampling-based methods, as well as accompanying mathematical analysis of the convergence properties of the methods discussed. The reach of the ideas is illustrated by discussing a wide range of applications and the models that have found wide usage. The first half of the book focuses on general methods, whereas the second half discusses model-specific algorithms.
Stochastic Numerics for the Boltzmann Equation
Stochastic numerical methods play an important role in large scale computations in the applied sciences. The first goal of this book is to give a mathematical description of classical direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) procedures for rarefied gases, using the theory of Markov processes as a unifying framework. The second goal is a systematic treatment of an extension of DSMC, called stochastic weighted particle method. This method includes several new features, which are introduced for the purpose of variance reduction (rare event simulation). Rigorous convergence results as well as detailed numerical studies are presented.
Stochastic Modeling of Manufacturing Systems : Advances in Design, Performance Evaluation, and Control Issues
This volume is devoted to the development of analytical methods aiming at responding to variability in a way that limits its corrupting effects on system performance. The book includes chapters that mostly focus on the development and analysis of performance evaluation models of manufacturing systems using decomposition-based methods, Markovian and queuing analysis, simulation, and inventory control approaches. They are organized into four distinct sections to reflect their shared viewpoints: factory design, unreliable production lines, queuing network models, production planning and assembly.
Stochastic Discrete Event Systems : Modeling, Evaluation, Applications
The behavior of many technical systems important in everyday life can be described using discrete states and state-changing events. Stochastic discrete-event systems (SDES) capture the randomness in choices and over time due to activity delays and the probabilities of decisions. The starting point for the evaluation of quantitative issues like performance and dependability is a formal description of the system of interest in a model. An abstract model class for SDES is presented as a pivotal unifying result. Several important model classes, including queuing networks, Petri nets and automata, are detailed together with their formal translation into this abstract model class. Standard and recently developed algorithms for the performance evaluation, optimization and control of SDES are presented in the context of the abstract model class. The necessary software tool support is also covered. The book is completed with nontrivial examples from areas like manufacturing control, performance of communication systems, and supply-chain management, highlighting the application of the techniques presented.
Stigmergic Optimization
Deals with the application of stigmergy for a variety of optimization problems. This volume comprises 12 chapters including an introductory chapter giving the fundamental definitions, inspirations and some research challenges.
Steel Plate Shear Walls with Gravity Load : Theory and Design
Establishes a vertical stress distribution of the walls under compression and in-plane bending load and an inclination angle of the tensile field strip. The stress throughout the inclined tensile strip, as we consider the effect of the vertical stress distribution, is determined using the von Mises yield criterion. The shear strength is calculated by integrating the shear stress along the width. The proposed theoretical model is verified by tests and numerical simulations. Researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of structural engineering can benefit from the book. As such, this book provides valuable knowledge, useful methods, and practical algorithms that can be considered in practical design of building structures adopting a steel shear wall system.
Statistical Population Genomics
Presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures
