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Physics for engineers and scientists
An integrative approach to course materials seamlessly matches curated content to the learning environment for which it was intended--from in-class group problem solving to optimized, online homework that utilizes targeted feedback.
Physicians Guide to the Treatment and Follow-Up of Metabolic Diseases
Until the mid-twentieth century, hereditary metabolic and other genetic diseases were considered to be purely “genetic” problems. Destiny would take its course, treatment did not exist, and genetic counseling about recurrence risks was virtually all that could be offered. Phenylketonuria (PKU) was then shown to be a treatable genetic disease in which early diagnosis and effective treatment prevented the disease (mental retardation) in PKU. Other genetic diseases for which an environmental experience was an essential component of cause (e. g. , exposure to a dietary component or a drug) were then seen to yield to treatment.
Physical Oceanography of the Dying Aral Sea
Physical Oceanography of the Dying Aral Sea describes the background, present crisis state, and possible future of this peculiar inland water body from the physical oceanographic standpoint. Based on a wide range of material, a large part of which was published in Russian and has not been previously available to the international reader, the book first provides an historical overview of this unique system, which possesses both lake and sea properties. Next, the current physical state of the lake is described, partly based on original field research and model experiments, along with the remote sensing data, model results and analyses extracted from recent literature. Next, book attempts to forecast the forthcoming state of the Aral Sea and identify plausible future scenarios. Finally, the book discusses the Aral Sea dessication viewd as a part of the global perspective.
Physical Oceanography : Developments Since 1950
Over the last five decades physical oceanography developed rapidly from a branch of fluid dynamics, with only a few observations, to a mature science with global field programs, large computer resources, and a complex theoretical framework. Today understanding of ice ages, global warming, or predictions of El Niño are to a large extent due to progress in understanding ocean physics. Therefore, it is important that the history of physical oceanography is made known so that citizens can understand the current state of climate sciences and policy makers can make informed decisions about future research. This volume contains a historical introduction by Bruce Warren and twelve historical perspectives from world-renowned physical oceanographers.
Physical Geodesy
"Physical Geodesy" by Heiskanen and Moritz, published in 1967, has for a long time been considered as the standard introduction to its field. The enormous progress since then, however, required a complete reworking. While basic material could be retained other parts required a complete update. This concerns, above all, the adaptation to the fact that the geometry can now be precisely determined by methods such as GPS, and that new satellite methods, combined with terrestrial methods, also make a detailed determination of the earth's gravitational field a possibility and a necessity. Highlights include: emphasis on global integration of geometry and gravity, a simplified approach to Molodensky's theory without integral equations, and a general combination of all geodetic data by least-squares collocation. In the second edition minor mistakes have been corrected.
Physical Geodesy
"Physical Geodesy" by Heiskanen and Moritz, published in 1967, has for a long time been considered as the standard introduction to its field. The enormous progress since then, however, required a complete reworking. While basic material could be retained other parts required a complete update. This concerns, above all, the adaptation to the fact that the geometry can now be precisely determined by methods such as GPS, and that new satellite methods, combined with terrestrial methods, also make a detailed determination of the earth's gravitational field a possibility and a necessity. Highlights include: emphasis on global integration of geometry and gravity, a simplified approach to Molodensky's theory without integral equations, and a general combination of all geodetic data by least-squares collocation.
Photovoltaic Thermal Passive House System : Basic Principle, Modeling, Energy and Exergy Analysis
Sustainable Advanced Solar Passive House provides a platform to disseminate knowledge regarding the basics of solar energy, heat transfer, and solar houses, including designing concepts. Apart from a brief introduction to solar physics and thermodynamics, the book primarily deals with the technical description of solar houses and associated concepts. Different types of photovoltaic modules and their integration with the buildings are discussed with case studies, including energy balance equations and fundamental energy matrices. It discusses concepts like energy matrices, solar passive heating/cooling, architecture design, low-cost building, energy/exergy analysis, building integrated photovoltaic, and energy conservation.
Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation, and Environment
In this volume, the dual role of photoprotective responses in the preservation of leaf integrity and in redox signaling networks modulating stress acclimation, growth, and development is addressed. In addition, the still unresolved impact of photoinhibition on plant survival and productivity is discussed. Specific topics include dissipation of excess energy via thermal and other pathways, scavenging of reactive oxygen by antioxidants, proteins key to photoprotection and photoinhibition, peroxidation of lipids, as well as signaling by reactive oxygen, lipid-derived messengers, and other messengers that modulate gene expression. Approaches include biochemical, physiological, genetic, molecular, and field studies, addressing intense visible and ultraviolet light, winter conditions, nutrient deficiency, drought, and salinity.
Photopolarimetry in Remote Sensing ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Yalta, Ukraine, 20 September - 4 October 2003
Photopolarimetric remote sensing is vital in fields as diverse as medical diagnostics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, environmental monitoring and military intelligence. The areas considered here include: radiative transfer; dynamic systems; backscatter polarization; biological systems; astrophysical phenomena; comets; and instrumentation. Subtopics include observational information including determining morphology and chemistry, light-scattering models, and characterization methodologies. While this introductory text highlights the latest advances in this multi-disciplinary topic, it is also a reference guide for the advanced researcher.
Photomorphogenesis in plants and bacteria : Function and signal transduction mechanisms
Plants as sessile organisms have evolved fascinating capacities to adapt to changes in their natural environment. Arguably, light is by far the most important and variable environmental factor. The quality, quantity, direction and duration of light is monitored by a series of photoreceptors covering spectral information from UVB to near infrared. The response of the plants to light is called photomorphogenesis and it is regulated by the concerted action of photoreceptors. The combined techniques of action spectroscopy and biochemistry allowed one of the important photoreceptors – phytochrome – to be identified in the middle of the last century.
Photofunctional Transition Metal Complexes
This book is a collection of six well-illustrated, independent chapters devoted to relevant subtopics.Overall, this collection of reviews is best suited to specialists, because it delivers less on the fundamentals of luminescent transition metal complexes and more on the exciting developments on selected areas. In this respect, the volume clearly succeeds by providing up-to-date information on a range of important subtopics in a clear manner that may be expected to inspire new directions in photofunctional inorganic chemistry
Photoautotrophic (sugar-free medium) Micropropagation as a New Micropropagation and Transplant Production System
This book provides two basic concepts on plant propagation and value-added transplant production in a closed structure with artificial lighting: 1) photoautotrophic (sugar-free medium, photosynthetic or inorganic nutrition) micropropagation systems, and 2) closed transplant production systems with minimum resource consumption and environmental pollution. This book also describes the methodology, technology and practical techniques employed in both systems, which have been commercialized recently in some Asian countries such as China and Japan. We often use a closed structure such as a tissue culture vessel, a culture room, a growth chamber, a plant factory with lamps, and a greenhouse to propagate plants and produce transplants. Main reasons why we use such a closed structure is: 1) higher controllability of the environment for desired plant growth, 2) easier protection of plants from damage by harsh physical environment, pathogens, insects, animals, etc, 3) easier reduction in resource consumption for environmental control and protection, and 4) higher quality and productivity of plants at a lower cost, compared with the plant propagation and transplant production under rain, wind and sunlight shelters and in the open fields. Thus, there should be some knowledge, discipline, methodology, technology and problems to be solved on plant propagation and transplant production common to those closed structures, regardless of the types and sizes of the closed structure.
Philosophy and Design : From Engineering to Architecture
This volume provides the reader with an integrated overview of state-of-the-art research in philosophy and ethics of design in engineering and architecture. It contains twenty-five essays that focus on engineering designing in its traditional sense, on designing in novel engineering domains, including ICT, genetics, and nanotechnology, designing of socio-technical systems, and on architectural and environmental designing. These essays are preceded by an introductory text structuring the field of philosophy and ethics of design in engineering and architecture as one in which a series of similar philosophical, societal, and ethical questions are asked. This volume enables the reader to overcome the traditional separation between engineering designing and architectural designing.
Pharma-Ecology : The Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment
Joins the health and environmental sciences professions' concern over the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment and explores how to best minimize their impact. The text highlights the biological effects of various classes of pharmaceutical compounds under clinical settings, their modes of action, and approximate quantities consumed.
Pharma-Ecology : The Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment
Presents a range of pharmaceutical compounds categorized by mode of action and common usage, displaying the volumes (or number of prescriptions) that are dispersed* Discusses the detection of PPCPs in the environment using instrumentation and bioassay techniques, including microarrays* Covers the occurrences of PPCPs in aquatic systems, sediments, soil, and aerial environments* Considers the persistence and degradation of PPCPs in the environment, and links pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics with the kinetics of PPCPs in the environment* Explores engineering and treatment techniques that could minimize the impact of PPCPs in the environment* Includes numerous tables and figures that illustrate informationThis is an enlightening reference for engineers, toxicologists, ecologists, micro-biologists, and chemists involved in pollution and environmental analysis; policy-makers; professionals in federal and state regulatory agencies; and pharmaceutical professionals. It is also an excellent text for undergraduate and graduate students in related fields.
Pharmacology in drug discovery and development : Understanding drug response
An introductory resource illustrating how pharmacology can be used to furnish the tools necessary to analyze different drug behavior and trace this behavior to its root cause or molecular mechanism of action. The concepts discussed in this book allow for the application of more predictive pharmacological procedures aimed at increasing therapeutic efficacy that will lead to more successful drug development. Chapters logically build upon one another to show how to characterize the pharmacology of any given molecule and allow for more informed predictions of drug effects in all biological systems. New chapters are dedicated to the interdisciplinary drug discovery environment in both industry and academia, and special techniques involved in new drug screening and lead optimization. This edition has been fully revised to address the latest advances and research related to real time kinetic assays, pluridimensional efficacy, signaling bias, irreversible and chemical antagonism, allosterically-induced bias, pharmacokinetics and safety, target and pathway validation, and much more.
Pharmacogenitics
General principle was developed for the selection of subjects for Pharmacogenetics investigations. Depending on the particular metabolic pathway involved, studies may require that subjects be under carefully controlled, homogeneous environmental condition. Otherwise, segregation in families of some genetically transmitted traits can be concealed by effect from multiple hos factors. Therefore; in some Pharmacogenetics studies of pharmacokinetic variations, differences among subjects with respect to critical host factors can profoundly influence the results obtained and conclusions drawn.
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment : Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks
When the first green wave appeared in the mid and late 1960s, it was considered a f- sible task to solve pollution problems. The visible problems were mostly limited to point sources, and a comprehensive “end of the pipe technology” (= environmental technology) was available. It was even seriously discussed in the US that what was called “zero d- charge” could be attained by 1985. It became clear in the early 1970s that zero discharge would be too expensive, and that we should also rely on the self purification ability of ecosystems. That called for the development of environmental and ecological models to assess the self purifi- tion capacity of ecosystems and to set up emission standards, considering the re- tionship between impacts and effects in the ecosystems.
Phaeocystis, major link in the biogeochemical cycling of climate-relevant elements
This volume offers a selection of papers that have been presented at the final meeting of Working Group # 120 "Phaeocystis, major link in the biogeochemical cycling of climate-relevant elements", of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). This book comprises important review papers by various top authors in the field. Topics that are addressed reach from the organism level (taxonomy and life cycles) to ecosystem dynamics (interaction with viruses and grazing dynamics). The role of Phaeocystis in carbon cycling is focus of various chapters, as well as its role in sulphur cycling. The last treatise of this volume comprises a synthesis of all the presentations of the meeting.
PET Chemistry : The Driving Force in Molecular Imaging
Molecular imaging (MI) is based on the selective and specific interaction of a molecular probe with a biological target which is visualized through nuclear, magnetic resonance, near infrared or other methods. Therefore it is the method of choice for patient selection and therapy monitoring as well as for specific e- point monitoring in modern drug development. PET (positron emitting tomography), a nuclear medical imaging modality, is ideally suited to produce three-dimensional images of various targets or processes. The rapidly increasing demand for highly selective probes for MI strongly pushes the development of new PET tracers and PET chemistry. ‘PET chemistry’ can be de?ned as the study of positron-emitting compounds regarding their synthesis, structure, composition, reactivity, nuclear properties and processes and their properties in natural and - natural environments.
