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Microphone Array Signal Processing
Microphone arrays have attracted a lot of interest in the last two decades. The reason behind this is that they have the potential to solve many important problems in both human-machine and human-human interfaces for different kinds of communications. But before microphone arrays can be deployed broadly, there is a strong need for a deep understanding of the problems encountered in the real world and their clear formulation in order that useful algorithms can be developed to process the sensor signals.
Microorganisms in the deterioration and preservation of cultural heritage
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the role and potential of microorganisms in the degradation and preservation of cultural materials (e.g. stone, metals, graphic documents, textiles, paintings, glass, etc.).
Microorganisms in Foods 6 : Microbial Ecology of Food Commodities
The second edition of Microorganisms in Foods 6: Microbial Ecology of Food Commodities is intended for those primarily in applied aspects of food microbiology. For 17 commodity areas it describes the initial microbial flora and the prevalence of pathogens, the microbiological consequences of processing, typical spoilage patterns, episodes implicating those commodities with foodborne illness, and measures to control pathogens and limit spoilage. The control measures are presented in a standardized format in line with international developments in risk management. A comprehensive index has also been added.
Micrometeorology
This book focuses on atmospheric processes which directly effect human environments within the lowest 100-1000 meters of the atmosphere over regions of only a few kilometers in extent. The book is the English translation of the second edition of the German book "Applied Meteorology – Micrometeorological Methods".
Micrometeorites and the Mysteries of Our Origins
This book relates an attempt to decrypt the still-obscure first billion years of history of the young Earth, during a cataclysmic period during which our planet was heavily bombarded by bodies ranging in size from that of Mars to 0.1 mm sized tiny micrometeorites. It was thus found that micrometeorites played an essential role in the formation of the post-lunar atmosphere. They also provided a surprisingly large diversity of reactions in the organic prebiotic chemistry required for the birth of life on our blue planet. The author presents a wide-ranging review of the type of knowledge required to decrypt this history, which provides extensive background information from astronomy, planetary dynamics, planetology, astrobiology and earth sciences. This book will appeal to both the scientist and the general reader. It will be a source of material for lectures, and possibly new investigations, in these fields.
Micromechanics of Heterogeneous Materials
The micromechanics of random structure heterogeneous materials is a burgeoning multidisciplinary research area which overlaps the scientific branches of materials science, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics, technical physics, geophysics, and biology. Micromechanics of Heterogeneous Materials features rigorous theoretical methods of applied mathematics and statistical physics in materials science of microheterogeneous media. The prediction of the behavior of heterogeneous materials by the use of properties of constituents and their microstructures is a central issue of micromechanics. This book is the first in micromechanics to provide a useful and effective demonstration of the systematic and fundamental research of the microstructure of the wide class of heterogeneous materials of natural and synthetic nature.
Micromechanics of Contact and Interphase Layers
Micromechanics provides a link between the structure and the properties at different scales of observation. This book deals with micromechanical analysis of interfaces and interface layers and presents several modelling tools, ranging from the rigorous method of asymptotic expansions to practical finite element simulations, suitable for this class of problems. Two application areas are discussed. Boundary layers associated with contact of rough bodies are modelled by applying a scale transition approach in which a macroscopic interface of zero thickness is seen at the micro-scale as a layer with some finite thickness. Secondly, evolution of laminated microstructures accompanying stress-induced martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys (SMA) is analyzed as an illustration of the case when the local interfacial phenomena – here the propagation of phase transformation fronts – govern the macroscopic behaviour of a heterogeneous material.
Micromechanics and Nanosimulation of Metals and Composites : Advanced Methods and Theoretical Concepts
This book provides insight into advanced numerical and experimental investigations of the microstructural aspects of strength and damage of metals and metal-based composites. In particular, atomistic and dislocation models, micromechanical simulations and homogenization techniques, as well as experimental observations in combination with computer simulations, are described. These methods are successfully applied to analyze the mechanical behavior of metals and metal-matrix composites.
Micromechanical Photonics
The purpose of this book is to give the engineering student and the practical engineer a systematic introduction to optical MEMS (Micro electro mechanical systems) and micromechanical photonics through not only theoretical and experimental results, but also by describing various products and their fields of application. After an overview on optical MEMS and micromechanical photonics, the book describes extremely-short-external-cavity laser diodes tunable laser diodes, a resonant sensor and an integrated optical head. It then addresses optical tweezers, the new technology employed to manipulate various types of objects in a variety of research and industrial fields. Coverage progresses through topics on the design and fabrication of an optical rotor and evaluation of mixing performances of micro-liquids for future fluidic applications. In the final chapter, the fundamentals and applications of the near field are described for the future development of micromechanical photonics, as well as near-field features, theoretical analyses, experimental analyses and applications mainly related to optical recording.
Micromanufacturing and Nanotechnology
Micromanufacturing and Nanotechnology is an emerging technological infrastructure and process that involves manufacturing of products and systems at the micro and nano scale levels. Development of micro and nano scale products and systems are underway due to the reason that they are faster, accurate and less expensive. Moreover, the basic functional units of such systems possesses remarkable mechanical, electronic and chemical properties compared to the macro-scale counterparts. Since this infrastructure has already become the prefered choice for the design and development of next generation products and systems it is now necessary to disseminate the conceptual and practical phenomenological know-how in a broader context. This book incorporates a selection of research and development papers. Its scope is the history and background, underlynig design methodology, application domains and recent developments.
Micromammals and Macroparasites : From Evolutionary Ecology to Management
Small mammals are among the most ubiquitous and important components of terrestrial ecosystems. They have coevolved, and now coexist, with a diverse array of parasites, such that not only are all aspects of their biology influenced by parasitism but they also play key roles in the transmission and maintenance of parasitic diseases. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the diversity and biology of metazoan parasites affecting small mammals, of their impact on host individuals and populations, and of the management implications of these parasites for conservation biology and human welfare. Designed for a broad, multidisciplinary audience, it will be an essential resource for researchers, students, and practitioners alike in the fields of parasitology, evolutionary ecology, wildlife management, and conservation biology.
Micro-Macro-interaction : In Structured media and Particle Systems
This book presents the development of new methods in this interdisciplinary field of macro- micro-interactions of different engineering branches like mechanical and process engineering, applied mathematics, theoretical, and computational physics. In particular, solids with microstructures and particle systems are considered.
Micromachined Thin-Film Sensors for SOI-CMOS Co-Integration
Co-integration of sensors with their associated electronics on a single silicon chip may provide many significant benefits regarding performance, reliability, miniaturization and process simplicity without significantly increasing the total cost. Micromachined Thin-Film Sensors for SOI-CMOS Co-integration covers the challenges and interests and demonstrates the successful co-integration of gas-flow sensors on dielectric membrane, with their associated electronics, in CMOS-SOI technology.
Microlithography/Molecular Imprinting
The series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and material science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered.Molecular recognition is central to how biological systems work. The molecular imprinting technique is a valuable polymerisation method for preparing synthetic materials able to mimic the molecular recognition phenomena present in living systems. A molecule that acts as a template is associated with functional monomers to form a complex by means of covalent linkages or noncovalent interactions. A polymerisation-crosslinking reaction is then performed around this complex. Upon removal of the template species, functionalised cavities, that have memorized the special features and bonding preferences of the template, are left inside the polymer network.
Microinvasive Dentistry : Clinical Strategies and Tools
A comprehensive guide to techniques, technologies and tools used in microinvasive dentistry. Divided into four sections, the text begins with an overview of caries and its prevention. The following sections provide in depth discussion on diagnosis through various imaging devices, then different treatment options and technologies. The final section covers future developments including enamel regeneration and photobiomodulation.
Microgravity Two-phase Flow and Heat Transfer
Multiphase thermal systems (involving more than one phase or one component) have numerous applications in aerospace, heat-exchanger, transport of contaminants in environmental systems, and energy transport and energy conversion systems. Advances in understanding the behaviour of multiphase thermal systems could lead to higher efficiency energy production systems, improved heat-exchanger design, and safer and enhanced treatment of hazardous waste. But such advances have been greatly hindered by the strong effect of gravitational acceleration on the flow. Depending on the flow orientation and the phase velocities, gravitational forces could significantly alter the flow regime, and hence the pressure-drop and heat-transfer coefficients associated with the flow. A reduced gravity environment (or "microgravity"), provides an excellent tool to study the flow without the masking effects of gravity. This book presents for the first time a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of two-phase flow behaviour in the virtual absence of gravity.
Microfluidics diagnostics : Methods and protocols
Explores a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that exploit the unique features of microfluidic devices, which hold significant potential in the field of diagnosis. Beginning with a section on microchips for sample preparation, including cell-free DNA, exosomes, and cells, the book continues by covering protein marker analysis and detection, single-cell analysis, analysis of bacteria and viruses, as well as human cell-based culture and analysis. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Microflows and Nanoflows : Fundamentals and Simulation
This book provides a comprehensive summary of these changes describing fluid flow in micro and nano configurations. Where as in their previous book entitled Microflows: Fundamentals and Simulation. In this new book they discuss length scales from angstroms to microns (and beyond). While still maintaining the emphasis on fundamental concepts with a mix of semianalytical, experimental, and numerical results, this book outlines their relevance to modeling and analyzing functional devices.
Microfinance, EU structural funds and capacity building for managing authorities : A comparative analysis of European convergence regions
Presents a study of capacity building and structural funds in public managing authorities for the microcredit sector. It presents two surveys to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the managing authorities' capacity building. The first survey investigates the authorities' need for and interests in capacity building activities, assessing the areas in which capacity building support is needed, and explores the different types of support offered. The second survey analyses the results of the microcredit and microfinance programming activity, investigating its target groups and other operational features. It examines the key monitoring and reporting issues involved in this activity, before analysing the regulatory framework of the microcredit and microfinance sector.
Microfinance Investment Funds : leveraging private capital for economic growth and poverty reduction
The surge in new investment funds - nearly 60 funds at last count - is an exciting sign that microfinance is attracting mainstream financial markets. Foreign investors bridge a crucial gap for MFIs and greenfield banks not yet able to attract deposits, debt or equity from local sources. Recognizing the ultimate goal of building those local financial markets that serve the poor, some foreign investors and funds are facilitating local intermediation with incentives like guarantees for local banks to lend to MFIs in local currency. Such contributions to local market building, combined with strengthening governance, increasing transparency and rigor make the new funds potentially very positive forces in microfinance.
