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Abuse of Dominant Position : New Interpretation, New Enforcement Mechanisms?
As part of its review of competition law that started in the late 1990s, the European Commission proposes to revise its interpretation and application of the Treaty’s prohibition of abuses of dominant positions. Also, it has instigated a debate about the promotion of private enforcement of EC competition law. The chapters in this volume critically appraise the Commission’s proposals, including the most recent ones. The authors also highlight the repercussions of the proposed ‘more economic approach’ to abuses of dominant positions on private litigants’ opportunities to bring damages actions in national courts for such abuses.
Abstraction, Reformulation, and Approximation ; 7th International Symposium, SARA 2007, Whistler, Canada, July 18-21, 2007, Proceedings
This volume contains the proceedings of SARA 2007, the seventh symposium, held at Whistler Village, British Columbia, Canada, July 18-21. Three distinguished speakers were invited to give keynote presentations, and their abstracts are included herein,It has been recognized since the inception of artificial intelligence that abstractions, problem reformulations and approximations (AR&A) are central to human common-sense reasoning and problem solving and to the ability of systems to reason effectively in complex domains.AR&A techniques have been used in a variety of problem-solving settings, including automated reasoning, cognitive modelling.
Abstraction, reformulation and approximation ; 6th International symposium, SARA 2005, Airth Castle, Scotland, UK, July 26-29, 2005, proceedings
This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulation and Approximation (SARA 2005). the proceedings have been published in the LNAI series of Springer. Abstractions, reformulations and approximations (AR&A) have found app- cationsin avarietyofdisciplines andproblems, including constraintsatisfaction, design, diagnosis, machine learning, planning, qualitative reasoning, scheduling, resource allocation and theorem proving, but are also deeply rooted in philo- phy and cognitive science. The papers in this volume capture a cross-section of the various facets of the ?eld and of its applications. One of the primary uses of AR&A is oriented to overcome computational intractability. AR&A techniques, however, have also proved useful for knowledge acquisition, explanation and other applications.
Abstraction, refinement and proof for probabilistic systems
Probabilistic techniques are increasingly being employed in computer programs and systems because they can increase efficiency in sequential algorithms, enable otherwise nonfunctional distribution applications, and allow quantification of risk and safety in general. This makes operational models of how they work, and logics for reasoning about them, extremely important. Abstraction, Refinement and Proof for Probabilistic Systems presents a rigorous approach to modeling and reasoning about computer systems that incorporate probability. Its foundations lie in traditional Boolean sequential-program logic—but its extension to numeric rather than merely true-or-false judgments takes it much further, into areas such as randomized algorithms, fault tolerance, and, in distributed systems, almost-certain symmetry breaking. The presentation begins with the familiar "assertional" style of program development and continues with increasing specialization: Part I treats probabilistic program logic, including many examples and case studies; Part II sets out the detailed semantics; and Part III applies the approach to advanced material on temporal calculi and two-player games.
Abstract State Machines, B and Z ; 1st International Conference, ABZ 2008, London, UK, September 16-18, 2008. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference of Abstract State Machines, B and Z, ABZ 2008, held in London, UK, in September 2008.
Abstract Computing Machines : A Lambda Calculus Perspective
The book addresses ways and means of organizing computations, highlighting the relationship between algorithms and the basic mechanisms and runtime structures necessary to execute them using machines. It completely abstracts from concrete programming languages and machine architectures, taking instead the lambda calculus as the basic programming and program execution model to design various abstract machines for its correct implementation. The emphasis is on fully normalizing machines based on full-fledged beta-reductions as essential prerequisites for symbolic computations that treat functions and variables truly as first-class objects. Their weakly normalizing counterparts are shown to be functional abstract machines that sacrifice the flavors of full beta-reductions for decidedly simpler runtime structures and improved runtime efficiency. Further downgrading of the lambda calculus leads to classical imperative machines that permit side-effecting operations on the runtime environment.
Absolute Essentials of Business Behavioural Ethics
Behavioural ethics in business is an emerging field that has challenged some of the established wisdom about ethics and added some truly new insights into our understanding about decision-making and behaviour.This concise textbook is ideal for use in the classroom as core or additional reading on courses in business ethics and corporate social responsibility; organisational behaviour and psychology; and any module with ethics content (for example, accounting ethics and strategic management).
About Life : Concepts in Modern Biology
This book uses modern biological knowledge to tackle the question: "What distinguishes living organisms from the non-living world?" In the first few chapters, the authors draw on recent advances in cell and molecular biology to develop an account of the "living state" that applies to all organisms, but only to organisms. Subsequent chapters use this account to explore questions about evolution, the origin of life and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Towards the end of the book the authors consider human evolution, intelligence and the extent to which our species can be regarded as biologically unique. About Life is written as far as possible in non-technical language; all scientific terms are explained straightforwardly when they are introduced. It is aimed at the general, non-specialist reader, but the novel approach that it takes to general issues in biology will also interest students of the life sciences.
Abl Family Kinases in Development and Disease
Abl Family Kinases in Development and Disease provides an overview of the functions of Abl family kinases in Development and Disease. This new title discusses the biochemical, genetic, and cell biological data that elucidate the cellular roles for these kinases in these processes.
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants : Toward the Improvement of Global Environment and Food
Stresses in plants caused by salt, drought, temperature, oxygen, and toxic compounds are the principal reason for reduction in crop yield. For example, high salinity in soils accounts for large decline in the yield of a wide variety of crops world over; ~1000 million ha of land is affected by soil salinity. Increased sunlight leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which damage the plant cells. The threat of global environment change makes it increasingly demanding to generate crop plants that could withstand such harsh conditions. Much progress has been made in the identification and characterization of the mechanisms that allow plants to tolerate abiotic stresses.
Abductive Reasoning : Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation
Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications.
A window on the future of geodesy ; Proceedings of the International Association of Geodesy. IAG General Assembly, Sapporo, Japan June 30 - July 11, 2003
These proceedings represent the worldwide picture of the state of the art of geodesy. The volume comprehensively covers the most recent results and supplies a good review of the new ideas developing in the field, opening a window to the future of geodesy.
A visual atlas for soil micromorphologists
This atlas is an up-to-date visual resource on the features and structures observed in soil thin sections, i.e. soil micromorphology.
A treatise of legal philosophy and general jurisprudence: Vol.1 : The law and the right, Vol.2 : Foundations of Law, Vol.3 : Legal Institutions and the Sources of Law, Vol.4 : Scienta Juris, Legal Doctrine as Knowledge of Law and as a Source of Law, Vol.5 : Legal Reasoning, A Cognitive Approach to the Law
A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence is the first-ever multivolume treatment of the issues in legal philosophy and general jurisprudence, from both a theoretical and a historical perspective. The work is aimed at jurists as well as legal and practical philosophers. this book is a classical reference work that would be of great interest to legal and practical philosophers as well as to jurists and legal scholar at all levels.
A treatise of legal philosophy and general jurisprudence ; Vol.7 : The Jurists’ philosophy of law from Rome to the seventeenth century, Vol.8 : A History of the philosophy of law in the common law world, 1600–1900
A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence is the first-ever multivolume treatment of the issues in legal philosophy and general jurisprudence, from both a theoretical and a historical perspective. The work is aimed at jurists as well as legal and practical philosophers. Edited by the renowned theorist Enrico Pattaro and his team, this book is a classical reference work that would be of great interest to legal and practical philosophers as well as to jurists and legal scholar at all levels.
A Time for Metabolism and Hormones
Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.
A Theory of Distributed Objects : Asynchrony - Mobility - Groups - Components
Distributed and communicating objects are becoming ubiquitous. In global, Grid and Peer-to-Peer computing environments, extensive use is made of objects interacting through method calls. So far, no general formalism has been proposed for the foundation of such systems. Caromel and Henrio are the first to define a calculus for distributed objects interacting using asynchronous method calls with generalized futures, i.e., wait-by-necessity -- a must in large-scale systems, providing both high structuring and low coupling, and thus scalability. The authors provide very generic results on expressiveness and determinism, and the potential of their approach is further demonstrated by its capacity to cope with advanced issues such as mobility, groups, and components.
A Subtle and Mysterious Machine : The Medical World of Walter Charleton (1619-1707)
Walter Charleton (1619-1707) has been widely depicted as a natural philosopher whose intellectual career mirrored the intellectual ferment of the ‘scientific revolution’. Instead of viewing him as a barometer of intellectual change, I examine the previously unexplored question of his identity as a physician. Examining three of his vernacular medical texts, this volume considers Charleton’s thoughts on anatomy, physiology and the methods by which he sought to understand the invisible processes of the body.
A Space of Their Own : The Archaeology of Nineteenth Century Lunatic Asylums in Britain, South Australia and Tasmania
The history of lunatic asylums – what do we really know about them? Films and television programs have portrayed them as places of horror where the patients are restrained and left to listen to the cries of their fellow inmates in despair. But what was the world of nineteenth century lunatic asylums really like? Are these images true? This book will explore this world using the techniques of historical archaeology and history.
A software process model handbook for incorporating peoples capabilities
Offers the most advanced approach to date, empirically validated at software development organizations. This handbook adds a valuable contribution to the much-needed literature on people-related aspects in software engineering. The primary focus is on the particular challenge of extending software process definitions to more explicitly address people-related considerations. The capability concept is not present nor has it been considered in most software process models. The authors have developed a capabilities-oriented software process model, which has been formalized in UML and implemented as a tool. A Software Process Model Handbook for Incorporating People's Capabilities guides readers through the incorporation of the individual’s capabilities into the software process. Structured to meet the needs of research scientists and graduate-level students in computer science and engineering, A Software Process Model Handbook for Incorporating People's Capabilities is also suitable for practitioners in industry.
