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Elements for Physics : Quantities, Qualities, and Intrinsic Theories
While usual presentations of physical theories emphasize the notion of physical quantity, this book shows that there is much to gain when introducing the notion of physical quality. The usual physical quantities simply appear as coordinates over the manifolds representing the physical qualities. This allows to develop physical theories that have a degree of invariance much deeper than the usual one. It is shown that properly developed physical theories contain logarithms and exponentials of tensors: their conspicuous absence in usual theories suggests, in fact, that the fundamental invariance principle stated in this book is lacking in present-day mathematical physics. The book reviews and extends the theory if Lie groups, develops differential geometry, proposing compact definitions of torsion and of curvature, and adapts the usual notion of linear tangent application to the intrinsic point of view proposed for physics. As an illustration, two simple theories are studied with some detail, the theory of heat conduction and the theory of linear elastic media. The equations found differ quantitatively and qualitatively from those usually presented.
Elementi di fisica teorica = Elements of theoretical physics
The approach in this book is less formal than traditional Theoretical Physics Foundations courses. The goal is still to achieve a genuine understanding of physical concepts and the ability to independently solve problems. The style is conversational, with abundant examples, and the presentation of all important steps is detailed, answering all the questions students typically ask in advance. The author has given space to recent and interesting developments, such as the scanning tunneling microscope and quantum cryptography. He has always sought to explain the rationale behind mathematical manipulations and the physical meaning of all measurable quantities. Above all, he has emphasized the aspects that make Theoretical Physics a science full of practical implications and a particularly fascinating intellectual adventure.
Elementary physics of complex plasmas
Complex plasmas are dusty plasmas in which the density and electric charges of the dust grains are sufficiently high to induce long-range grain-grain interactions, as well as strong absorption of charged-plasma components. Together with the sources replenishing the plasma such systems form a highly dissipative thermodynamically open system that exhibits many features of collective behaviour generally found in complex systems. Most notably among them are self-organized patterns such as plasma crystals, plasma clusters, dust stars and further spectacular new structures. Beyond their intrinsic scientific interest, the study of complex plasmas grows in importance in a great variety of fields, ranging from space-plasma sciences to applied fields such as plasma processing, thin-film deposition and even the production of computer chips by plasma etching, in which strongly interacting clouds of complex plasmas can cause major contamination of the final product.
Elektromagnetische feldtheorie : für ingenieure und physiker = Electromagnetic field theory : For engineers and physicists
This well-established, didactically excellent textbook combines clarity with extraordinary accuracy in the formation of terms and in the derivations. The electromagnetic field theory and the mathematical methods required for it are taught. Maxwell's equations are presented and explained. This is followed by explanations about electrostatics, flow problems, magnetostatics, quasi-stationary fields and electromagnetic waves. It gives an outlook on fundamental questions, some of which are still open, from physics to quantum mechanics. A chapter on the special theory of relativity, with the help of which numerous problems of electromagnetic field theory can be solved more easily, rounds off the work.
Electrostatic Accelerators : Fundamentals and Applications
Electrostatic accelerators are an important and widespread subgroup within the broad spectrum of modern, large particle acceleration devices. They are specifically designed for applications that require high-quality ion beams in terms of energy stability and emittance at comparatively low energies (a few MeV). Their ability to accelerate virtually any kind of ion over a continuously tunable range of energies make them a highly versatile tool for investigations in many research fields including, but not limited to, atomic and nuclear spectroscopy, heavy ion reactions, accelerator mass spectroscopy as well as ion-beam analysis and modification. The book is divided into three parts. The first part concisely introduces the field of accelerator technology and techniques that emphasize their major modern applications. The second part treats the electrostatic accelerator per se: its construction and operational principles as well as its maintenance. The third part covers all relevant applications in which electrostatic accelerators are the preferred tool for accelerator-based investigations. Since some topics are common to all types of accelerators, Electrostatic Accelerators will also be of value those more familiar with other types of accelerators.
Electronic States in Crystals of Finite Size : Quantum confinement of Bloch waves
The theory of electronic states in the traditionally solid state physics is essentially a theory of electronic states in crystals of infinite size. However, any real crystal always has a finite size. This book presents an analytical theory on the electronic states in ideal low-dimensional systems and finite crystals recently developed by the author based on a differential equation theory approach. It gives some exact and general fundamental understandings on the electronic states in ideal low-dimensional systems and finite crystals and provides new insights on some fundamental problems in low-dimensional systems such as the surface states, quantum confinement effects etc, some of them are quite different from what are traditionally believed in the solid state physics community.
Electronic Imaging in Astronomy : Detectors and Instrumentation
The second edition of Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation describes the remarkable developments that have taken place in astronomical detectors and instrumentation in recent years – from the invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD) in 1970 to the current era of very large telescopes, such as the Keck 10-meter telescopes in Hawaii with their laser guide-star adaptive optics which rival the image quality of the Hubble Space Telescope. Authored by one of the world’s foremost experts on the design and development of electronic imaging systems for astronomy, this book has been written on several levels to appeal to a broad readership. Mathematical expositions are designed to encourage a wider audience, especially among the growing community of amateur astronomers with small telescopes with CCD cameras.
Electronic engineering for neuromedicine
Advances in electronics have revolutionized diagnostic tools and created mobile medicine, touch-sensitive prosthetics, remote surgery, and artificial organs such as hearts, retinas, and bionic skins. This reference text shows the number of ways in which electronic engineering feeds into neuromedicine namely: the modelling and simulation of the brain, providing access to the brain, analysis of the signals and activities of the brain and influencing the function of the brain for therapeutic purposes. The areas of electronic engineering considered are electronic circuits, spectral analysis, filtering of signals, electromagnetic fields and wave propagation. The book is a valuable source to medical students and practitioners as well as electronic engineering and physics students and graduates.
Electron Scattering in Solid Matte r: A Theoretical and Computational Treatise
Addressing graduate students and researchers, this book gives a very detailed theoretical and computational description of multiple scattering in solid matter. Particular emphasis is placed on solids with reduced dimensions, on full potential approaches and on relativistic treatments. For the first time approaches such as the Screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method that have emerged during the last 5 – 10 years are reviewed, considering all formal steps such as single-site scattering, structure constants and screening transformations, and also the numerical point of view. Furthermore, a very general approach is presented for solving the Poisson equation, needed within density functional theory in order to achieve self-consistency. Going beyond ordered matter and translationally invariant systems, special chapters are devoted to the Coherent Potential Approximation and to the Embedded Cluster Method, used, for example, for describing nanostructured matter in real space. In a final chapter, physical properties related to the (single-particle) Green’s function, such as magnetic anisotropies, interlayer exchange coupling, electric and magneto-optical transport and spin-waves, serve to illustrate the usefulness of the methods described.
Electron Scattering : From Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Bulk Matter
There is a unity to physics; it is a discipline which provides the most fundamental understanding of the dynamics of matter and energy. To understand anything about a physical system you have to interact with it and one of the best ways to learn something is to use electrons as probes. This book is the result of a meeting, which took place in Magdalene College Cambridge in December 2001. Atomic, nuclear, cluster, soHd state, chemical and even bio- physicists got together to consider scattering electrons to explore matter in all its forms. Theory and experiment were represented in about equal measure. It was meeting marked by the most lively of discussions and the free exchange of ideas. We all learnt a lot. The Editors are grateful to EPSRC through its Collaborative Computational Project program (CCP2), lOPP, the Division of Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics (DAMOPP) and the Atomic Molecular Interactions group (AMIG) of the Institute of Physics for financial support. The smooth running of the meeting was enormously facilitated by the efficiency and helpfulness of the staff of Magdalene College, for which we are extremely grateful.
Electron crystallography : Novel approaches for structure determination of nanosized materials
During the last decade we have been witness to several exciting achievements in electron crystallography. This includes structural and charge density studies on organic molecules complicated inorganic and metallic materials in the amorphous, nano-, meso- and quasi-crystalline state and also development of new software, tailor-made for the special needs of electron crystallography. This volume comprises the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Electron Crystallography: Novel Approaches for Structure Determination of Nanosized Materials, Erice, Italy, 10 - 24 June 2004
Electron Correlation in New Materials and Nanosystems
The articles collected in this book cover a wide range of materials with extraordinary superconducting and magnetic properties. For many of the materials studied, strong electronic correlations provide a link between these two phenomena which were long thought to be highly antagonistic. Both the progress in our understanding of fundamental physical processes and the advances made towards the development of devices are reported here.
Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics
This book is a first year graduate text on electromagnetic fields and waves. At the same time it serves as a useful reference for researchers and engineers in the areas of microwaves and optoelectronics. Following the presentation of the physical and mathematical foundations of electromagnetic theory, the book discusses the field analysis of electromagnetic waves confined in material boundaries, or so-called guided waves, electromagnetic waves in the dispersive media and anisotropic media, Gaussian beams and scalar diffraction theory. The theories and methods presented in the book are foundations of wireless engineering, microwave and millimeter wave techniques, optoelectronics and optical fiber communication.
Electromagnetic Radiation : Variational Methods, Waveguides and Accelerators
This is a graduate level textbook on the theory of electromagnetic radiation and its application to waveguides, transmission lines, accelerator physics and synchrotron radiation. It has grown out of lectures and manuscripts by Julian Schwinger prepared during the war at MIT's Radiation Laboratory, updated with material developed by Schwinger at UCLA in the 1970s and 1980s, and by Milton at the University of Oklahoma since 1994. The book includes a great number of straightforward and challenging exercises and problems. It is addressed to students in physics, electrical engineering, and applied mathematics seeking a thorough introduction to electromagnetism with emphasis on radiation theory and its applications.
Electromagnetic Field Matter Interactions in Thermoelasic Solids and Viscous Fluids
This book in two parts delivers a thorough derivation of nonrelativistic interaction models of electromagnetic field theories with thermoelastic solids and viscous fluids, the intention being to derive unique representations for the observable field quantities. Part I, a revised and updated version of LNP 88 "Field Matter Interactions in Thermoelastic Solids," investigates the foundations and the equivalence of various formulations of the interaction of the electromagnetic field with thermoelastic solids in the classical continuum physics limit, while Part II extensively surveys two major fields of applications, namely, magnetoelastic instabilities and vibrations, and electrorheological fluids.
Electromagnetic and Optical Pulse Propagation 1 : Spectral Representations in Temporally Dispersive Media
Electromagnetic & Optical Pulse Propagation presents a systematic treatment of the radiation and propagation of transient electromagnetic and optical wave fields through causal, locally linear media which exhibit both temporal dispersion and absorption.
Electrochemical Dictionary
The Electrochemical Dictionary provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms most used in electrochemistry and its related fields, including relevant areas of physics and engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of electrochemistry. The more than 2.770 entries have been written by a distinguished panel of eminent electrochemists. Each entry supplies a clear and precise explanation of the term and provides references to the most useful reviews, books and original papers to enable readers to pursue a deeper understanding if so desired.
Electrical Resistivity of Thin Metal Films
The aim of the book is to give an actual survey on the resistivity of thin metal and semiconductor films interacting with gases. We discuss the influence of the substrate material and the annealing treatment of the films, presenting our experimental data as well as theoretical models to calculate the scattering cross section of the conduction electrons in the frame-work of the scattering hypothesis.
Elastic Multibody Dynamics : A Direct Ritz Approach
This textbook is an introduction to and exploration of a number of core topics in the field of applied mechanics: On the basis of Lagrange's Principle, a Central Equation of Dynamics is presented which yields a unified view on existing methods. From these, the Projection Equation is selected for the derivation of the motion equations of holonomic and of non-holonomic systems. The method is applied to rigid multibody systems where the rigid body is defined such that, by relaxation of the rigidity constraints, one can directly proceed to elastic bodies. A decomposition into subsystems leads to a minimal representation and to a recursive representation, respectively, of the equations of motion.
Elaborazione dei dati sperimentali
L'analisi statistica dei dati sperimentali, la loro elaborazione ed una corretta stima degli errori sono conoscenze necessarie agli studenti di fisica, biologia, chimica, ingegneria e dei corsi di specializzazione tecnico-scientifici in cui è richiesta pratica di laboratorio. Chi si occupa di problemi tecnici e di misure, per studio o per lavoro, deve possedere gli strumenti matematici di calcolo e di analisi necessari ad una corretta interpretazione dei dati sperimentali. Il testo fornisce in modo sintetico, chiaro ed esaustivo, tutte le nozioni e le conoscenze utili allo scopo. Gli argomenti sono esposti in modo rigoroso ma fluido e vengono introdotti con gradualità. Sono riportati i teoremi e le formule essenziali per una completa comprensione evitando, tuttavia, eccessivi appesantimenti matematici. Il libro è stato pensato per consentire ai docenti di scegliere autonomamente gli esperimenti per l'applicazione delle nozioni studiate.
