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Universal Access in Health Telematics : A Design Code of Practice
Information Society for All (IS4ALL) is devoted to consolidating and codifying available knowledge of universal access in the context of health telematics in a principled way. This book reports the most representative findings of the IS4ALL Consortium towards establishing a validated code of universal access practice in health informatics.
Universal Access in Ambient Intelligence Environments ; 9th ERCIM Workshop on User Interfaces for All, Königswinter, Germany, September 27-28, 2006, Revised Papers
This volume contains the proceedings of the last ERCIM “User Interfaces for All” Workshop. The work of the ERCIM WG UI4ALL led in 2001 to the establishment of the - ternational Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction 3 (UAHCI) , which takes place in the context of the HCI International Conference se- 4 ries . UAHCI has established an international forum for the dissemination and - change of scientific information on theoretical, methodological and empirical research that addresses all issues related to the attainment of universal access in the devel- ment of interactive software, attracting participants from a broad range of disciplines and fields of expertise.
Univariate Time Series in Geosciences : Theory and Examples
The author introduces the statistical analysis of geophysical time series. The book includes also a chapter with an introduction to geostatistics, many examples and exercises which help the reader to work with typical problems. More complex derivations are provided in appendix-like supplements to each chapter. Readers are assumed to have a basic grounding in statistics and analysis. The reader is invited to learn actively from genuine geophysical data. He has to consider the applicability of statistical methods, to propose, estimate, evaluate and compare statistical models, and to draw conclusions. This book is also a guide to using "R" for the statistical analysis of time series. "R" is a powerful environment for the statistical and graphical analysis of data."R" is available under GNU conditions.
Unity, Truth and the Liar : The Modern Relevance of Medieval Solutions to the Liar Paradox
This volume includes a target paper, taking up the challenge to revive, within a modern (formal) framework, a medieval solution to the Liar Paradox which did not assume Uniqueness of Meaning. Stephen Read, author of the target paper, attempts to formally state a theory of truth that dates back to the 14th century logician Thomas Bradwardine; the theory offers a solution to the Liar Paradox in which the Liar sentence turns out to be false. The rest of the volume consists of papers discussing and/or challenging Read’s – and Bradwardine’s -- views one the one hand, and papers addressing the doctrinal and historical background of medieval theories of truth on the other hand. It also includes a critical edition of Heytesbury’s treatise on insolubles, closely related to Bradwardine’s view.
Unitals in Projective Planes
This clearly written text is the first book on unitals embedded in finite projective planes. Unitals are key structures in square order projective planes, and have connections with other structures in algebra. They provide a link between groups and geometries. There is a considerable number of research articles concerning unitals, and there also exist many open problems. This book is a thorough survey of the research literature on embedded unitals which collects this material in book form for the first time.
Unique Environmentalism : A Comparative Perspective
This book explains and demonstrates how the Norwegian case of environmentalism is unique. The two connected anomalies of an inclusive and state friendly society and a strong orientation and commitment to local communities make the case stand apart from mainstream international definitions of environmentalism.The authors study a specific political culture with a rather unique combination of state structure and civil society of which organized environmentalism is an important part. The political culture influences organizational form and organizational ideology as well as the way these organistions are linked to and interact with the goverment.
Unifying Theories of Programming ; 1st International Symposium, UTP 2006, Walworth Castle, County Durham, UK, February 5-7, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
A number of formal notations and theories have now emerged and proved them-selves effective as tools for the practisingsoftware engineer. Within these theorieswe see a number of common themes, such as abstraction, refinement, choice, ter-mination, feasibility, concurrency and communication. The commonality of suchthemes opens perspectives for unifying theories, an activity which can increaseour ability to use existing methods and notations, to recognise their limitations,and to extend and generalise them.
Unifying the Software Process Spectrum ; International Software Process Workshop, SPW 2005, Beijing, China, May 25-27, 2005 Revised Selected Papers
This volume contains papers presented at SPW 2005, the Software Process Workshop held in Beijing, P. R. China, on May 25-27, 2005, and prepared for final publication. The theme of SPW2005 was “Unifying the Software Process Spectrum. ” Software process encompasses all the activities that aim at developing or evolving software products. The expanding role of software and information systems in the world has focused increasing attention on the need for assurances that software systems can be developed at acceptable speed and cost, on a predictable schedule, and in such a way that resulting systems are of acceptably high quality and can be evolved surely and rapidly as usage contexts change.
Uniformly Accelerating Charged Particles : A Threat to the Equivalence Principle
There has been a long debate about whether uniformly accelerated charges should radiate electromagnetic energy and how one should describe their worldline through a flat spacetime, i.e., whether the Lorentz-Dirac equation is right. There are related questions in curved spacetimes, e.g., do different varieties of equivalence principle apply to charged particles, and can a static charge in a static spacetime radiate electromagnetic energy? The problems with the LD equation in flat spacetime are spelt out in some detail here, and its extension to curved spacetime is discussed. Different equivalence principles are compared and some vindicated. The key papers are discussed in detail and many of their conclusions are significantly revised by the present solution.
Uniform Output Regulation of Nonlinear Systems : A Convergent Dynamics Approach
This book is one of the first systematic studies on the nonlinear output regulation problem that embraces both the local and global solvability analysis, covering such aspects as solvability conditions, controller design, and practical implementation issues.
Unfoldings : A Partial-Order Approach to Model Checking
In this book the authors introduce unfoldings, an approach to model checking which alleviates the state explosion problem by means of concurrency theory. They offer a gentle introduction to the basics of the method, and in particular they detail an unfolding-based algorithm for model checking concurrent systems against properties specified as formulas of linear temporal logic (LTL). Self-contained chapters cover transition systems and their products; unfolding products; search procedures for basic verification problems, such as reachability and livelocks; and model checking LTL.
Unemployment Insurance and Non-Standard Employment : Four European Countries in Comparison
The importance of non-standard employment forms has increased over the last decades. Janine Leschke addresses two important questions in this regard. First, do workers with part-time and temporary contracts face greater risks of becoming unemployed than those with regular contracts? Secondly, how far are they disadvantaged in terms of access to and level of unemployment benefits? The author compares the design of unemployment benefit systems in Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. After discussing the development and role of non-standard employment in these countries, she examines the relevant features of unemployment insurance systems such as hours and earning thresholds and minimum contribution requirements. Her empirical analysis shows that non-standard workers are more likely to become unemployed or inactive and are disadvantaged in their entitlements to unemployment benefits.
Une introduction à la médecine traditionnelle chinoise ; Tome 1 : Le corps théorique = An introduction to traditional Chinese medicine ; Vol.1 : The theoretical body
Drawing directly from the primary sources, it illuminates the burgeoning of ideas within the medical community throughout its centuries of history, a development that might give the impression of a seemingly heterogeneous or even confused system of medicine. However, a patient study of the texts in light of the interpretations of the physicians reveals a different picture.
Understanding Willing Participants, Vol.2 : Milgram’s Obedience Experiments and the Holocaust
This volume one of this two-volume set introduces readers to a behind the scenes account showing how during Milgram’s unpublished pilot studies he step-by-step invented his official experimental procedure—how he gradually learnt to transform most ordinary people into willing inflictors of harm. The open access volume two then illustrates how certain innovators within the Nazi regime used the very same Milgram-like learning techniques that with increasing effectiveness gradually enabled them to also transform most ordinary people into increasingly capable executioners of other men, women, and children.
Understanding Values Work : Institutional Perspectives in Organizations and Leadership
At the core of institutional theories, ‘values’ is a central term and figures in most definitions; however it remains understudied and under-explored. The editors of this open access book identify a resurgence of interest in the values-construct which underpins discussions of identity, ‘ethos’ and the purpose/nature of public and civic welfare provision.
Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health
This book is an attempt to understand, explain and if possible act on the transformations....It is highly recommended as a welcome collection of level-headed analyses of the current confused transmutations in disease theory and health action" (Journal of Humanitarian Medicine, vol. IV, no. 4, October-December 2004). "With a free spirit, the authors examine the bioethical, socio-political and scientific aspects of health" (World Health Organization Quarterly News, October-December 2005).
Understanding Sleep and Dreaming
Although sleep has been the subject of serious study for several decades, there has not been available an integrated, introductory text for more than ten years. Understanding Sleep and Dreaming fills this need with complete coverage of all aspects of sleep, dreaming, and sleep disorders, and is comprehensible as well as comprehensive. In accessible language, this text reviews the basic physiological mechanisms of sleep and the intertwined psychological ramifications. Most important, it is up-to-date, containing the latest information on the influence of orexin/hypocretin, nocturnal eating syndrome, the local cell theory of sleep, the effects of sleep deprivation, and the advantages of delaying school start times for teenagers.
Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy : Multidisciplinary Methods and Tools for a Low Carbon Society
This book analyzes and seeks to consolidate the use of robust quantitative tools and qualitative methods for the design and assessment of energy and climate policies. In particular, it examines energy and climate policy performance and associated risks, as well as public acceptance and portfolio analysis in climate policy, and presents methods for evaluating the costs and benefits of flexible policy implementation as well as new framings for business and market actors. In turn, it discusses the development of alternative policy pathways and the identification of optimal switching points, drawing on concrete examples to do so. Lastly, it discusses climate change mitigation policies’ implications for the agricultural, food, building, transportation, service and manufacturing sectors.
Understanding Programming Languages
This book is about describing the meaning of programming languages. While a compiler or an interpreter offers a form of formal description of a language, it is not something that can be used as a basis for reasoning about that language nor can it serve as a definition of a programming language itself since this must allow a range of implementations. By writing a formal semantics of a language a designer can yield a far shorter description and tease out, analyse and record design choices.Early in the book the author introduces a simple notation, a meta-language, used to record descriptions of the semantics of languages. In a practical approach, he considers dozens of issues that arise in current programming languages and the key techniques that must be mastered in order to write the required formal semantic descriptions. The book concludes with a discussion of the eight key challenges: delimiting a language (concrete representation), delimiting the abstract content of a language, recording semantics (deterministic languages), operational semantics (non-determinism), context dependency, modelling sharing, modelling concurrency, and modelling exits.
Understanding Planning Tasks : Domain Complexity and Heuristic Decomposition
Action planning has always played a central role in Artificial Intelligence. Given a description of the current situation, a description of possible actions and a description of the goals to be achieved, the task is to identify a sequence of actions, i.e., a plan that transforms the current situation into one that satisfies the goal description. The book contains an exhaustive analysis of the computational complexity of the benchmark problems that have been used in the past decade, namely the standard benchmark domains of the International Planning Competitions (IPC). At the same time, it contributes to the practice of solving planning tasks by presenting a powerful new approach to heuristic planning. The author also provides an in-depth analysis of so-called routing and transportation problems.
