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Sustainable City Regions : Space, Place and Governance
Records observations of 12 dynamically changing regional cities in Asia, Europe and the United States. The form of the city region, urban regeneration and strategic spatial planning as well as the local and regional governance of each city are examined. Through this empirical and comparative analysis, essential lessons are drawn, which will add a new perspective to discussions on the sustainable future of regional cities in an age of globalization.
Sun, Earth and Sky
Updates the popular text by providing comprehensive accounts of the most recent discoveries made by five modern solar spacecraft during the past decade. Their instruments have used sound waves to peer deep into the Sun’s inner regions and measure the temperature of its central nuclear reactor, and extended our gaze far from the visible Sun to record energetic outbursts that threaten Earth. Breakthrough observations with the underground Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are also included, which explain the new physics of ghostly neutrinos and solve the problematic mismatch between the predicted and observed amounts of solar neutrinos.
Strategies of Life Detection
The search for life outside the Earth has been one of mankind's most challenging quests. We have reached a level of technology that allows for initial steps toward thorough scientific investigation. The aim of this workshop was to take an interdisciplinary look at the signatures that would be indicative of past or present life on another planet and compare them to biosignatures on Earth. The purpose of the workshop was also to discuss state-of-the-art in-situ instruments that are envisioned to search for these signatures in the exploration of the solar system, as well as the discussion of concepts descriptive of the search for habitable planets around other stars.
State of the Universe 2008 : New Images, Discoveries, and Events
Provides an annual astronomy review suitable for the popular science level reader to be published every September. The book will cover all major astronomical news on topics beyond the Solar System and place them in the context of the longer term goals of astronomers and astrophysicists around the world. The aim is to capture the excitement and vibrancy of modern astronomical research. This section also includes web links for all major news stories, providing a bridge between the public news stories and the actual research web sites.
Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges
Particularly intense lightning discharges can produce transient luminous events above thunderclouds, termed sprites, elves and jets. These short lived optical emissions in the mesosphere can reach from the tops of thunderclouds up to the ionosphere; they provide direct evidence of coupling from the lower atmosphere to the upper atmosphere. Sprites are arguably the most dramatic recent discovery in solar-terrestrial physics. Shortly after the first ground based video recordings of sprites, observations on board the Space Shuttle detected sprites and elves occurring all around the world. These reports led to detailed sprite observations in North America, South America, Australia, Japan, and Europe.
Source Book of Models for Biomedical Research
The collection of systems represented in the Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research reflect the diversity and utility of models that are used in biomedicine. That utility is based on the consideration that observations made in particular organisms will provide insight into the workings of other, more complex systems. Some models have the advantage that the reproductive, mitotic, development or aging cycles are rapid compared with those in humans; others are utilized because individual proteins may be studied in an advantageous way and have human homologs. Other organisms are facile to grow in laboratory settings, lend themselves to convenient analyses, have defined genomes or present especially good human models of human or animal disease. The Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research is a comprehensive and extensive collection of these important medical parallels.
Solar particle radiation storms forecasting and analysis : The HESPERIA HORIZON 2020 Project and beyond
Discusses the forecasting operational tools developed within the project, and presents progress to SEP research contributed by HESPERIA both from the observational as well as the SEP modelling perspective. Using multi-frequency observational data and simulations HESPERIA investigated the chain of processes from particle acceleration in the corona, particle transport in the magnetically complex corona and interplanetary space, to the detection near 1 AU. The book also elaborates on the unique software that has been constructed for inverting observations of relativistic SEPs to physical parameters that can be compared with spac e-borne measurements at lower energies. Introductory and pedagogical material included in the book make it accessible to students at graduate level and will be useful as background material for Space Physics and Space Weather courses with emphasis on Solar Energetic Particle Event Forecasting and Analysis.
Solar Magnetic Phenomena ; Proceedings of the 3rd Summerschool and Workshop held at the Solar Observatory Kanzelhöhe, Kärnten, Austria, August 25 - September 5, 2003
Contains lecture papers and contributed papers on different aspects of magnetic phenomena in the solar atmosphere. This book addresses topics such as the physics of solar flares, prominences, coronal mass ejections, magnetic helicity, high-energy radiation from the Sun, observations of the photosphere and chromosphere.
Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth
The SOHO and Cluster missions form a single ESA cornerstone. Yet they observe very different regions in our solar system. At the same time the Ulysses mission provides observations in the third dimension of the heliosphere, and many others add to the picture from the Lagrangian point L1 to the edge of the heliosphere. It is the aim of this ISSI volume to tie these observations together in addressing the topic of Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth.
Solar Activity and Earths Climate
This question has been a focus of scientific debate since the existence of sunspots was established in the early 17th century. Even today, however, the answer is not forthcoming; while there are valid reasons to believe that solar activity has some impact on the Earth's climate, the history of the subject shows that there have been many unsupported statements that over-estimate the effect of sunspots on climatic variations. This updated and revised edition of "Solar Activity and Earth's Climate" introduces the reader to the subject of solar activity and the connection with the Earth's climate. It focuses on how knowledge about the solar cycle and Earth's climate is obtained, and provides an in depth discussion of observations, methods and the physics involved, together with the necessary statistics and analysis
Sirius Matters
Since very early times Sirius was a point of attraction in the night sky. It served to synchronize calendars in antiquity and was the subject of many myths and legends, including some modern ones. It was perceived as a red star for more than 400 years, but such reports were relegated to the Mediterranean region. Astronomically, Sirius is a very bright star. This, and its present close distance to us, argues in favor of it being the target of detailed studies of stellar structure and evolution. Its binary nature, with a companion that is one of the more massive white dwarfs, is an additional reason for such studies. This book collects the published information on Sirius in an attempt to derive a coherent picture of how this system came to look as it does.
Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earths Atmosphere : Calculation, Observation, Interpretation
Based on data from an experiment which ran for ten years, this book summarizes the results of the Atmospheric Physics Department of the St. Petersburg University and the Main Geophysical Observatory. The processed data now forms a rich dataset of spectral values of radiative characteristics under different atmospheric conditions. The analysis of this database clearly shows that the solar radiative absorption in a dusty and cloudy atmosphere is significantly higher than assumed to date. Both graduate students of atmospheric sciences as well as scientists and researchers in the field of meteorology and climatology will find a wealth of new data and information in this monograph.
Short-Period Binary Stars : Observations, Analyses, and Results
Short-period binaries run the gamut from widely separated stars to black-hole pairs; in between are systems that include neutron stars and white dwarfs, and partially evolved systems such as tidally distorted and over-contact systems. These objects represent stages of evolution of binary stars, and their degrees of separation provide critical clues to how their evolutionary paths differ from that of single stars. The widest and least distorted systems provide astronomers with the essential precise data needed to study all stars: mass and radius. The interactions of binary star components, on the other hand, provide a natural laboratory to observe how the matter in these stars behaves under different and often varying physical conditions.
Setting-up a Small Observatory : From Concept to Construction
Every amateur astronomer who is considering a purpose-built observatory will find this book absolutely invaluable during both the planning and the construction stages. Drawing on David Arditti’s practical experience and that of many other amateur astronomers, it gives invaluable help in making all the important decisions. To begin with, Setting up a Small Observatory addresses what you really need from an observatory, whether to build or buy, what designs you should consider, and where you should site it. Uniquely, it also considers the aesthetics of an amateur observatory: how to make it fit in with your home, garden, and yard, even disguising it as a more common garden building if necessary.
Science with Adaptive Optics ; Proceedings of the ESO Workshop Held at Garching, Germany, 16-19 September 2003
Presents the proceedings of the ESO Workshop on Science with Adaptive Optics held in the fall of 2003. The book provides an overview on AO instrumentation, data acquisition and reduction strategies, and covers observations of the sun, solar system objects, circumstellar disks, substellar companions, HII regions, starburst environments, late-type stars, the galactic center, active galaxies, and quasars. The contributions present a vivid picture of the multitude of science topics being addressed by AO in observational astronomy.
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy
The result of a workshop bringing together an international advisory board of experts in science, satellite technologies, industry innovations, and public policy, this book addresses the current and future roles of satellite Earth observations in solving large-scale environmental problems. The book showcases the results of engaging distinct communities to enhance our ability to identify emerging problems and to administer international regimes created to solve them. It also reviews the work of the Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle (PEOIC) project, an effort aimed at assessing the impact of satellite observations on environmental policy and to propose a mission going forward that would launch an “innovation cycle”
Rotating Hydraulics : Nonlinear Topographic Effects in the Ocean and Atmosphere
This book is concerned primarily with the theory of rotating hydraulics.However, the Introduction contains an overview of the observations that have motivated much of the theoretical evelopment, and more detailed case studies appear later in the book. Though both the atmosphere and the ocean are covered, the latter is the source of the most numerous examples. Our intent is to provide the reader with the material necessary to develop a solid grasp of the fundamental ideas and physical processes as well as a general familiarity with geophysical applications.
Risk Communication for the Future : Towards Smart Risk Governance and Safety Management
The conventional approach to risk communication, based on a centralized and controlled model, has led to blatant failures in the management of recent safety related events. In parallel, several cases have proved that actors not thought of as risk governance or safety management contributors may play a positive role regarding safety. Building on these two observations and bridging the gap between risk communication and safety practices leads to a new, more societal perspective on risk communication, that allows for smart risk governance and safety management.
Remote Sensing of the European Seas
This volume reviews the current potential of Earth Observations, while devoting particular attention to applications dealing with the issues, peculiarities and special challenges posed by the European Seas. The assessment of surface parameters by means of passive techniques – which measure reflected visible and near-infrared sunlight, or surface emissions in the thermal infrared or microwave spectral regions – is addressed.
Raisonnements divins : Quelques démonstrations mathématiques particulièrement élégantes = Divine reasoning: Some particularly elegant mathematical demonstrations
Brings together some mathematical demonstrations chosen for their elegance. It exposes brilliant ideas, unexpected connections and remarkable observations that shed new light on fundamental problems. According to the mathematician Paul Erdös, who himself suggested several of the themes presented, the proofs developed here deserve to be retained for inclusion in the Book where God would have listed the perfect demonstrations. Different fields are approached (number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics and graph theory) and the subject evokes both long established results and recently demonstrated theorems. In any case, their understanding requires only undergraduate level mathematical knowledge.
