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Network Control and Optimization ; 1st EuroFGI International Conference, NET-COOP 2007, Avignon, France, June 5-7, 2007, Proceedings
This volume 4465 of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series is a coll- tion of the papers of the NET-COOP 2007. This conference aims at developing research on control and op- mization of the Internet, ranging from performance evaluation and optimization of general stochastic networks to more speci?c targets such as lower-layer fu- tionalities in mobile networks, routing for computational grids, game theoretic approaches to access control, cooperation, competition and adversary capacities in diverse environments.
Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnets : Designs, Technologies and Performance
This book is written by world-recognized experts in the fields of applied superconductivity and superconducting accelerator magnet technologies. It provides a contemporary review and assessment of the experience in research and development of high-field accelerator dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn superconductor over the past five decades. The reader attains clear insight into the development and the main properties of Nb3Sn composite superconducting wires and Rutherford cables, and details of accelerator dipole designs, technologies and performance. Special attention is given to innovative features of the developed Nb3Sn magnets. The book concludes with a discussion of accelerator magnet needs for future circular colliders.
Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete
Nanomaterials can markedly improve the mechanical properties of concrete, as well as reduce the porosity and enhance the durability of concrete. The application of nanotechnology in concrete is still in its infancy. However, an ever-growing demand for ultra-high-performance concrete and recurring environmental pollution caused by ordinary Portland cement has encouraged engineers to exploit nanotechnology in the construction industry. Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete discusses the advantages and applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including high-strength performance, microstructural improvement, self-healing, energy storage, and coatings. The book: Analyses the linkage of concrete materials with nanomaterials and nanostructures / Discusses the applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including energy storage in green buildings, anti-corrosive coatings, and inhibiting pathogens and viruses / Covers self-healing concrete / Explores safety considerations, sustainability, and environmental impact of nanoconcrete / Includes an appendix of solved questions
Nanotechnology ¿ Toxicological Issues and Environmental Safety and Environmental Safety
Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing technological fields of the 21st century. Nanotechnologies will impact numerous industries, including daily consumer products, health care, energy, and transportation. However, the success of the emerging nanotechnology applications will depend on dynamic development of nanomaterial toxicology, risk and exposure assessment. Little is known about the potential adverse health and ecological effects of exposure to engineered nanomaterials, the main components of many nanotechnologies. Concerns are coming from the initial toxicological studies as well as the research and epidemiological reports on ultrafine particle toxicity. This book provides a summary of the state-of-art knowledge on nanomaterials and nanoparticles – toxicological issues; risk assessment and control measures.
Nanostructured and advanced materials for applications in sensor, optoelectronic and photovoltaic technology ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on nanostructured and advanced materials for applications in sensors, optoelectronic and photovoltaic technology ; Sozopol, Bulgaria, 6-17 September 2004
Nanotechnology is an emerging scientific field receiving significant worldwide attention. On a nanometer scale, materials or structures may possess new and unique physical properties. Some of these are now known to the scientific community, but there may well be many properties not yet known to us, rendering it as a fascinating area of research and a suitable subject for a NATO ASI. Yet another aspect of the field is the possibility for creating meta-stable phases with unconventional properties and the ultra-miniaturization of current devices, sensors, and machines. Such nanotechnological and related advanced materials have an extremely wide range of potential applications, viz. nanoscale electronics, sensors, optoelectronics, photonics, nano-biological systems, na- medicine, energy storage systems, etc. This is a wide-ranging subject area and therefore requires the formation of multi-disciplinary teams of physicists, chemists, materials scientists, engineers, molecular biologists, pharmacologists, and others to work together on the synthesis and processing of materials and structures, the understanding of their physical properties, the design and fabrication of devices.
Nanoscale Phenomena : Basic Science to Device Applications
Nanotechnology is the result of the continuing technological trend toward device miniaturization and the characterization, manipulation, and fine control of structure and function at diminishing length scales. A large class of nanoscale materials can be stable even though they are far from the lowest-energy thermodynamic state, and many possess novel properties unattainable in bulk. These trends are supported by the increasing sophistication of characterization and fabrication tools such as the scanning tunneling microscope and the transmission electron microscope, which allow the resolution and manipulation of single atoms and molecules.
Multiwavelength Approach to Unidentified Gamma-Ray Sources : A 2nd Workshop on the Nature of the High-Energy Unidentified Sources
Nearly one half of the point-like gamma-ray sources detected by EGRET instrument of the late Compton satellite are still defeating our attempts at identifying them. To establish the origin and nature of these enigmatic sources has become a major problem of current high-energy astrophysics. The second workshop on Multiwavelength Approach to Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources intends to shed new and fresh light on the problem of the nature of these mysterious sources and the objects behind them. The proceedings contain 46 contributed papers in this subject, which cover theoretical models on gamma-ray sources as well as the best multiwavelength strategies for the identification of the promising candidates. The topics of this conference also include energetic phenomena ocurring both in galactic and extragalactic scenarios, phenomena that might lead to the appearance of what we have called high-energy unidentified sources. The book will be of interest for all active researchers in the high-energy astrophysics and related research areas as well as for scientists and graduate students interested in understanding the recent progress in this field.
Multi-body Dynamic Modeling of Multi-legged Robots
This book describes the development of an integrated approach for generating the path and gait of realistic hexapod robotic systems. It discusses in detail locomation with straight-ahead, crab and turning motion capabilities in varying terrains, like sloping surfaces, staircases, and various user-defined rough terrains. It also presents computer simulations and validation using Virtual Prototyping (VP) tools and real-world experiments.
Moving Millions : Transport Strategies for Sustainable Development in Megacities
The Alliance for Global Sustainability is an international partnership among four of the leading scienti?c and technological universities worldwide: • The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT-AGS); • The University of Tokyo (UT); • The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH); and • The Chalmers University of Technology. Created in 1997, the AGS today brings together hundreds of university scientists, engineers, and social scientists to address complex issues that lie at the intersection of environmental, economic, and social policy goals. Since its inception, the AGS has promoted and supported multidisciplinary research teams drawn from its partner institutions. Working on critical issues in sustainability across several ?elds encompassing energy and climate, mobility, urban systems, water and agriculture, cleaner technologies, public policy, and communications, these teams have developed a signi?cant body of new knowledge.
Move : Architecture in Motion - Dynamic Components and Elements
Dynamic components and adaptive elements are becoming increasingly important in contemporary architecture, and not just because of their visual effect. If architects and engineers are engaging more and more with the issue of movement – whether in the form of sun-tracking solar cells, lowerable walls, or intelligently programmed elevators – it’s because they are busy exploring responses to three challenges: How can we control and reduce the energy requirement of buildings? How can we expand the range of possible uses? And how can we represent, illustrate, accommodate, and control dynamic movements in buildings?
Molecular Processes in Plasmas : Collisions of Charged Particles with Molecules
Molecular Processes in Plasmas describes elementary collision processes in plasmas, particularly those involving molecules or molecular ions. Those collision processes (called molecular processes) maintain plasmas, produce reactive species and emissions, and play a key role in energy balance in plasmas or more specifically in determining the energy distribution of plasma particles.
Modern Techniques for Characterizing Magnetic Materials
The book includes, but is not limited to the following areas: Magnetic neutron scattering with 3-axis spectrometer * Small-angle neutrons scattering * Polarized neutron magnetic reflectometry * Resonant soft x-ray magneto-optic scattering * Magnetic hard x-ray scattering * Spin resolved photoemission spectroscopy * Lorentz microscopy and electron holography * Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis * Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy * Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy * Magnetic force microscopy * Near-field scanning optical microscopy * Time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy * Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy
Modern Sports Dentistry
A one-stop reference that will assist primary care community dentists, sports physicians, athletic trainers, and emergency room physicians in meeting the needs of athletes when managing facial and dental trauma and sports-related oral diseases. The opening chapters provide a complete review of sports-related dentoalveolar trauma, with coverage of emergent care, the role of endodontics, surgical issues, and restorative considerations. Prevention of dental trauma by means of mouthguards is then examined, with attention to materials and design, public policy concerning the use of mouthguards, and the role of mouthguards in relation to the ever more pressing issue of concussion in sport. Dental erosion in athletes, for example due to energy drinks, is discussed, as are the possible sequelae of use of spit tobacco, performance-enhancing drugs, and ergogenic aids. The new topic of the potential value of dental appliances in enhancing sports performance is also addressed.
Modern Optical Spectroscopy : With Exercises and Examples from Biophysics and Biochemistry
This textbook offers clear explanations of the theory of optical spectroscopic phenomena and shows how these ideas are used in modern molecular and cellular biophysics and biochemistry. The topics covered include electronic and vibrational absorption, fluorescence, resonance energy transfer, exciton interactions, circular dichroism, coherence and dephasing, ultrafast pump-probe and photon-echo spectroscopy, single-molecule and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy, Raman scattering, and multiphoton absorption.
Modern Control Systems ; 13th ed.
Presents the structure of feedback control theory and to provide a sequence of exciting discoveries. The book demonstrates various real-world, global engineering problems while touching on evolving design strategies like green technology. Some of the themes at-hand include climate change, clean water, sustainability, waste management, emissions reduction, and minimizing energy. Throughout the text, students apply theory to the design and analysis of control systems.
Modern Construction Handbook
Tried and tested component details, examples focusing on sustainability and energy consumption, and an update on finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) introduced in the last edition set new standards for this handbook which serves as a foundational textbook in many architecture courses
Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells : Methods, Procedures and Techniques
The volume is structured in two parts. Part one presents the basic theory, and the general equations describing SOFC operation phenomena. Part two deals with the application of the theory to practical examples, where different SOFC geometries, configurations (from single cells to hybrid systems), operating conditions (steady-state and dynamic), and different phenomena (e.g. performance, temperature and chemical species, and mechanical stress distribution) are analyzed in detail.
Modeling Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface : Recent Advances
Solar radiation data is important for a wide range of applications, e.g. in engineering, agriculture, health sector, and in many fields of the natural sciences. A few examples showing the diversity of applications may include: architecture and building design e.g. air conditioning and cooling systems; solar heating system design and use; solar power generation; weather and climate prediction models; evaporation and irrigation; calculation of water requirements for crops; monitoring plant growth and disease control; skin cancer research.
Modeling Marvels : Computational Anticipation of Novel Molecules
The aim of this book is to survey a number of chemical compounds that chemists, both theoretical and experimental, find fascinating. Some of these compounds, like planar carbon species or oxirene, offer no obvious practical applications; nitrogen oligomers and polymers, in contrast, have been touted as possible high-energy-density materials. What unites this otherwise eclectic collection is that these substances are unknown and offer a challenge to theory and to synthesis.
Model-based Process Supervision : A Bond Graph Approach
Model-based fault detection and isolation requires a mathematical model of the system behaviour. Modelling is important and can be difficult because of the complexity of the monitored system and its control architecture. The authors use bond-graph modelling, a unified multi-energy domain modelling method, to build dynamic models of process engineering systems by composing hierarchically arranged sub-models of various commonly encountered process engineering devices. The structural and causal properties of bond-graph models are exploited for supervisory systems design.
