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Argumentation in multi-agent systems ; 4th International Workshop, ArgMAS 2007, Honolulu, HI, USA, May 15, 2007, revised selected and invited papers
This volume presents the latest developments in the growing area of research at the interface of argumentation theory and multiagent systems. Argumentation provides tools for designing, implementing and analyzing sophisticated forms of interaction among rational agents.
Anti-viral metabolites from medicinal plants
Covers general concepts of anti-viral metabolites, classifications, ethnopharmacology, chemistry, clinical and preclinical studies focusing on different medicinal plants against various types of viral infections. Various plants have been used in medicine since ancient times and are known for their strong therapeutic effects. The book will describe potential antiviral properties of medicinal plants against a diverse group of viruses, and provide an insight to the potential plants possess for broad-spectrum antiviral effects against emerging viral infections.The book aims to target a broad audience including virologists, molecular biologist, microbiologist and scientists working with natural products as well as researchers, students, healthcare experts involved in pharmaceutical and medical field.
Antisense RNA Design, Delivery, and Analysis
This volume gathers a variety of models, delivery systems, and approaches that can be used to assess RNA technology for exploiting antisense as a therapeutic intervention. Beginning with a section on the design of antisense technology and their delivery, the book continues by covering model systems developed to evaluate efficacy, both in vivo and in vitro, as well as methods to evaluate preclinically the toxicity associated with these new potential drugs, and intellectual property considerations. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Anti-Obesity drugs
As a chronic and relapsing disease, obesity impairs metabolism and causes diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Although behavioral modification is important for the treatment of obesity, it is difficult to achieve an ideal weight or sustain the process of long-term weight loss. Therefore, the obesity control guidelines strongly recommend lifestyle interventions along with medical treatment for patients who are overweight. There is sufficient evidence supporting that pharmacotherapy in combination with behavior-based interventions can result in significant weight loss and improvement of the health.
Antimalarial natural products
Begins with a short history of malaria and follows with a summary of its biology. It then traces the fascinating history of the discovery of quinine for malaria treatment, and then describes quinine’s biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use, concluding with a discussion of synthetic antimalarial agents based on quinine’s structure. It also covers the discovery of artemisinin and its development as the source of the most effective current antimalarial drug, including summaries of its synthesis and biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use and resistance. A short discussion of other clinically used antimalarial natural products leads to a detailed treatment of additional natural products with significant antiplasmodial activity, classified by compound type.
Antimalarial medicinal plants
Malaria continues to affect a large population of the world, especially in third world countries. The spread of drug-resistant parasites demonstrates the need for antimalarial agents with various modes of action. The search for remedies derived from medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria is reliant on accurate ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information obtained from traditional medical practitioners. Antimalarial Medicinal Plants provides information on bioactive compounds and therapeutic potentials of several antimalarial plant species found around the globe. This book evaluates these plant species with respect to their biology, diversity, distribution, and pharmacological values.
Antifouling Paint Biocides
This volume describes the state-of-the-art advances regarding antifouling paint biocides and provides thorough evaluation of research and information on major topics such as occurrence and levels, environmental fate, analytical techniques and methods for the monitoring and control, environmental modeling, ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment placing emphasis on the knowledge acquired over the last 10 years. The contamination of the aquatic environment by antifouling compounds has been a topic of increasing importance during the last few years. The major classes of antifouling active biocides are discussed including the old-fashioned organotin compounds, the modern organic booster biocides and the promising naturally occurring antifoulant products. Therefore, the reader will get a balanced view of this developing field. Chapters were written by leading experts in their field who critically surveyed all the major areas of progress. This volume is an important resource and can constitute a good grounding in the field of antifouling paint biocides.
Antidiabetic plants for drug discovery pharmacology, secondary metabolite profiling, and ingredients with insulin mimetic activity
Takes an in-depth look at the potential pharmacological applications of 11 important antidiabetic plants, examining their antihyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-lipidemic properties along with current genome editing research perspectives. Plant natural products, or phytoconstituents, are promising candidates for antidiabetic pharmacological actions. The phytoconstituents, such as fl avonoids, terpenoids, saponins, carotenoids, alkaloids and glycosides, play vital roles in the current and future potent antidiabetic drug development programs. Each chapter reviews a particular plant with antidiabetic properties, explaining the therapeutic aspects, its active antidiabetic compounds, and relevant genome editing technology.
Antidiabetic medicinal plants and herbal treatments
Diabetes is a chronic condition associated with metabolic disorder. Persons suffering from diabetes have shown accelerated levels of blood sugar which often harms the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Over the past few decades, the prevalence of diabetes has been progressively increasing. Synthetic drugs are used to treat diabetic patients to help control the disorder, but it is shown that numerous medicinal plants and herbal drugs are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent and treat diabetes. They are reported to produce beneficial effects in combating diabetes and alleviating diabetes-related complications. These plants contain phtyonutrients and phytoconstituents demonstrating protective or disease preventive properties. In many developing countries, herbal drugs are recommended by traditional practitioners for diabetes treatment because the use of synthetic drugs is not affordable.
Antidepressants Beyond Depression, and Into Bacteria
Antidepressants are one of the most predominant drug groups in the pharmaceutical world, primary care units and the general public. Their original use was majorly for the treatment of depression along with other mental disorders. Today, antidepressant consume over 20% of the medical prescriptions and healthcare plans due to their recently discovered applications outside the psychiatry field. Due to the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance and the slow pace of new drug discovery, the world has been searching frantically for new or alternative drugs with antibacterial activity. Repurposing already FDA- approved drugs for uses that are off-label has become an important preposition in the pharmacy world due to its availability, low risk and low cost.
Anticoagulants
Anticoagulant are drugs that, when added to blood, prevents it from clotting. It does this by suppressing the synthesis or function of various clotting factors that are normally present in the blood. These drugs are frequently used to prevent the formation of blood clots (thrombi) in the veins or arteries or the enlargement of a clot that is circulating in the bloodstream. Anticoagulants are very effective in preventing life-threatening conditions...
Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems : From Brains to Individual and Social Behavior
Anticipatory behavior in adaptive learning systems is steadily gaining the - terest of scientists, although many researchers still do not explicitly consider the actual anticipatory capabilities of their systems.The introductory chapter of this volume therefore does not only provide an overview of the contributions included in this volume but also proposes a taxonomy of how anticipatory mechanisms can improve adaptive behavior and learning in cognitive systems. During the workshop it became clear that ant- ipations are involved in various cognitive processes that range from individual anticipatory mechanisms to social anticipatory behavior.
Anticancer activity in heterocyclic organic structures : A pathway to novel drug development : Part 1
New Directions in Organic & Biological Chemistry, explores the development of cancer therapeutics, focusing on molecular chemistry and advanced drug design approaches. Written by experts in theoretical chemistry and molecular chemistry, they bridge the gap between theoretical chemistry, molecular biology, and drug development. In Part I, they focus on the fundamental properties of heterocyclic compounds and innovative methodologies being employed to enhance therapeutic potential. By exploring various classes of heterocyclic compounds and diverse anticancer mechanisms.
Antibiotics Simplified
Designed to bridge knowledge gained in basic sciences courses with clinical practice in infectious diseases. This practical text reviews basic microbiology and how to approach the pharmacotherapy of a patient with a presumed infection. It also contains concise Drug Class Reviews with an explanation of the characteristics of various classes of antibacterial drugs and antifungal drugs.
Antibiotics as Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Agents
Although the potential for immunomodulation has been recognized for many years there has been an explosion of data in this field with relevance especially to the treatment of chronic airway diseases. Most of the work in this field has been conducted by Japanese investigators but in the last decade there has been a body of work outside of Japan that supports and enhances these findings. The book covers basic research like effects on bacteria, anti-inflammatory and mucoregulatory effects, but also clinical results with up-to-date information for the use of such medications to potentially treat diseases as diverse as chronic airway diseases, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.
Antibiotics : Methods and protocols
Provides state-of-the-art and novel methods on antibiotic isolation and purification, identification of antimicrobial killing mechanisms, as well as methods for the analysis and detection of microbial responses and adaptation strategies. Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, guides readers through updated and entirely new chapters on production and design, mode of action, and response and resistance. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Antibiotic users behavior in Syria between pharmacists and consumers
In an attempt to study antibiotic resistance in the syria, we studied the impact of consumer behavior On resistance. We conducted a study of pharmacists within a number(69) distributed in Damascus, and a study among consumers distributed among different regions, and the results are in the studies section.
Antibiotic Drug Resistance
This book presents a thorough and authoritative overview of the multifaceted field of antibiotic science – offering guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Antibacterial effects of Algae
An alarm increase in the rate of emerging of resistance bacteria have been causing a great public concern worldwide. This problem of increasing resistance has necessitated the search for safe and effective factors that may be used to treat persistent bacterial infections or modify the currently available antibiotic. This study deals with the antimicrobial potential assessment of ulva flexuosa , ulva flexuosa was collected from at MAZAR ELKHODER. Crude organic extracts were prepared using methanolic and chloroformic extract and tested against 6 indicator microorganisms using the disk diffusion method and also applied against biofilm ( dental plaque).
Antiangiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy
Antiangiogenesis remains a dynamic and evolving field in oncology. New therapeutic targets continue to emerge followed by the rapid development of new therapeutic agents to be investigated in clinical trials. Optimizing the therapeutic potential of antiangiogenic agents in combination with the other therapies in the armamentarium to fight cancer will be an on-going challenge. Antiangiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy, Second Edition provides a current, up-dated perspective on the state of the art of angiogenesis and therapy with a compendium of scientific findings and approaches to the study of angiogenesis in cancer. Leaders in the field present chapters on such topics as the environmental influences and the genetic and physiologic abnormalities that mediate angiogenesis and its role in the progression of malignant disease, working models of tumor angiogenesis, and the role of angiogenesis inhibition in the therapy of malignant disease in humans. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Antiangiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy, Second Edition is an ideal, valuable guide to the most recent advances in the field, and a collection that will be useful for many years to come.
