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Contemporary Bioethics : Islamic Perspective
This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects.
Contaminated soils, sediments and water ; Vol.10 : Successes and challenges
Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water: Successes and Challenges, Volume 10 contains a valuable collection of success stories (and challenges) in the areas of environmental fate, heavy metals, modeling, MTBE and oxygenates, regulatory, remediation, risk assessment, site assessment and sampling methodology. It demonstrates the progress that has been made in working together toward the optimization of established approaches, as well as embracing departures from traditional regulatory models in order to address the threats to our natural resources. The book is divided into eight sections: Part I: Environmental Fate; Part II: Heavy Metals; Part III: Modeling; Part IV: MTBE and Oxygenates; Part V: Radionuclides; Part VI: Regulatory; Part VII: Remediation; Part VIII: Risk Assessment and Remedial Approaches Towards Restoration and Management of Contaminated Rivers.
Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water : Science in the Real World
Contaminated Soils Volume 9 contains 38 technical papers, covering a wide range of environmental issues. Volume discussion includes: Part I Bioremediation; Part II Chemical Oxidation; Part III Heavy Metals; Part IV MTBE; Part V Phytoremediation; Part VI Radiation; Part VII Regulatory and Legal issues; Part VIII Remediation; Part IX Risk Based Cleanup; and Part X Site Assessment. Contributing authors to this volume are from government agencies, academic institutions, the consulting community and industrial companies. This important volume documents the state of environmental science and provides perspective on where we as an industry have come from. Increased scientific, engineering and consulting alliances and collaboration should drive our efforts going forward.
Contaminated rivers : A geomorphological-geochemical approach to site assessment and remediation
The geomorphological, surficial and geochemical processes and conditions of rivers require a tailored set of strategies and programs to successfully clean up contaminated river reaches. The primary purpose of this book is not only to provide students and professionals with an introductory understanding of fluvial geomorphic principles but also to explain using a process oriented approach how these geomorphic principles can be integrated with geochemical data to cost-effectively characterize, assess and remediate contaminated river systems. Numerous case studies from North America and many other parts of the world are included.
Contaminant Geochemistry : Interactions and Transport in the Subsurface Environment
This book combines earth science, subsurface hydrology and environmental geochemistry, providing a comprehensive background for specialists interested in the protection and sustainable management of the subsurface environment.The major focus of the book is on contaminant reactions in soil solutions, groundwater and porous media solid phases, accounting for their persistence and transformation in the subsurface, as they are transported from the land surface into groundwater.
Consuming Music Together : Social and Collaborative Aspects of Music Consumption Technologies
This book collects together the most recent studies of music consumption, and new developments in music technology. It combines the perspectives of both social scientists and technology designers, uncovering how new music technologies are actually being used, along with discussions of new music technologies still in development. With a specific focus on the social nature of music.
Consumer perception of product risks and benefits
Reflects the current thinking and research on how consumers’ perception of product risks and benefits affects their behavior. It provides the scientific, regulatory and industrial research community with a conceptual and methodological reference point for studies on consumer behavior and marketing. The contributions address various aspects of consumer psychology and behavior, risk perception and communication, marketing research strategies, as well as consumer product regulation. The book is divided into 4 parts: Product risks; Perception of product risks and benefits; Consumer behavior; Regulation and responsibility.
Consumer perception of food attributes
Objectives of this book is to summarize recent empirical findings from scholarly works on how consumers value food credence attributes. Such knowledge would benefit producers, processors, retailers, and policy makers. Another objective of this book is to discuss the effectiveness of the programs that have been introduced to strengthen the relationship between producers and consumers. Many programs have been developed to more effectively inform consumers regarding food production processes.
Consumer Happiness : Multiple Perspectives
Helps quench the quest of knowledge of academicians, researchers, and others interested in developing a complete and critical understanding of consumer happiness. The relentless search of happiness by humans is sought in different ways. Scientific discussion on happiness for long was considered a forte of Philosophers. Other disciplines seldom delved into this. But today not only science but neuroscience, marketing, and other varied fields have started delving into it and have developed a keen interest. The book has been conceptualized on this line of thinking and thus divided into two parts. The first part is customized towards understanding various perspectives of happiness and the relative importance of knowing the same. The first chapter of this section is on the biological perspective of happiness. The second is titled ‘Behavioural perspective’. The third chapter is an attempt to elucidate the cultural perspective of the concept of happiness. The fourth is on the role of technology in inducing happiness. Fifth and sixth are on theories of happiness and measuring happiness, respectively.
Consumer and sensory evaluation techniques : How to sense successful products
Consumer and sensory evaluation techniques speaks to management and decision-makers within organizations and addresses the main questions (eg: "How much will it cost?" and "How quickly can it be achieved?") that are faced when developing and testing new products before a launch. Chapters cover: The pillars of good consumer and sensory studies; Sensory profile of a product: Mapping internal sensory properties; The foundations of consumer evaluation; Study plans and strategy sustainable short, mid and long-term vision; Real-life anticipation with market factors: Concept, price, brand, market channel; And internal studies versus sub-contracting. Also uses examples from multiple sectors to show how to build a sustainable product evaluation strategy analyses the critical milestones to follow and the pitfalls to avoid.
Constructive Negations and Paraconsistency
This book presents the author’s recent investigations of the two main concepts of negation developed in the constructive logic: the negation as reduction to absurdity (L.E.J. Brouwer) and the strong negation (D. Nelson) are studied in the setting of paraconsistent logic. The paraconsistent logics are those, which admit inconsistent but non-trivial theories, i.e., the logics which allow making inferences in non-trivial fashion from an inconsistent set of hypotheses. The study is based on algebraic methods, demonstrates the remarkable regularity and the similarity of structures of both lattices of logics, and gives essential information on the paraconsistent nature of logics Lj and N4.The methods developed in this book can be applied for investigation of other classes of paraconsistent logics.
Constructions of cancer in early Modern England : Ravenous natures
Cancer is perhaps the modern world's most feared disease. Yet, we know relatively little about this malady's history before the nineteenth century. This book provides the first in-depth examination of perceptions of cancerous disease in early modern England. Looking to drama, poetry and polemic as well as medical texts and personal accounts, it contends that early modern people possessed an understanding of cancer which remains recognizable to us today. Many of the ways in which medical practitioners and lay people imagined cancer – as a 'woman's disease' or a 'beast' inside the body – remain strikingly familiar, and they helped to make this disease a byword for treachery and cruelty in discussions of religion, culture and politics. Equally, cancer treatments were among the era's most radical medical and surgical procedures. From buttered frog ointments to agonizing and dangerous surgeries, they raised abiding questions about the nature of disease and the proper role of the medical practitioner.
Construction materials : Their nature and behaviour
Provides an understanding of materials’ behaviour through knowledge of their chemical and physical structure. It covers the main classes of construction materials: metals, concrete, other ceramics (including bricks and masonry), polymers, fibre composites, bituminous materials, timber, and glass.
Construction and Building Automation : From Concepts to Implementation
Intended to be used as a textbook in undergraduate civil engineering and construction courses to introduce cutting edge mechanical, electrical and computer science topics that are needed for civil and construction engineers to collaborate in inter-disciplinary automation projects. Introduces hardware and software needed for automating engineering tasks ; Presents examples of applications in the control of building systems ; Illustrates of the use of automation for improving construction processes ; Provides a lucid introduction to advanced computing concepts, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and control algorithms to construction and engineering students.
Construction and Analysis of Safe, Secure, and Interoperable Smart Devices ; Vol. 3956 ; Second International Workshop, CASSIS 2005, Nice, France, March 8-11, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Construction and Analysis of Safe, Secure, and Interoperable Smart Devices, CASSIS 2005. The 9 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from about 30 workshop talks. The papers are organized in topical sections on research trends in smart devices, Web services, virtual machine technology, security, validation and formal methods, proof-carrying code, and embedded devices.
Construction and analysis of safe, secure, and interoperable smart devices ; Vol. 3362 : International workshop, CASSIS 2004, Marseille, France, March 10-14, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
History based access control and secure information flow / The spec# programming system / Mastering test generation from smart card software formal models / A mechanism for secure, fine-grained dynamic provisioning of applications on small devices / A type system for checking applet isolation in java card / Verification of safety properties in the presence of transactions / Modelling mobility aspects of security policies / Smart devices for next generation mobile services / A flexible framework for the estimation of coverage metrics in explicit state software model checking / Combining several paradigms for circuit validation and verification / Smart card research perspectives
Constructing Roma Migrants : European Narratives and Local Governance
This book presents a cross-disciplinary insight and policy analysis into the effects of European legal and political frameworks on the life of ‘Roma migrants’ in Europe. It outlines the creation and implementation of Roma policies at the European level, provides a systematic understanding of identity-based exclusion and explores concrete case studies that reveal how integration and immigration policies work in practice. The book also shows how the Roma example might be employed in tackling the governance implications of our increasingly complex societies and assesses its potential and limitations for integration policies of vulnerable groups such as refugees and other discriminated minorities.
Constructing Correct Software
Central to Formal Methods is the so-called Correctness Theorem which relates a specification to its correct Implementations. This theorem is the goal of traditional program testing and, more recently, of program verification (in which the theorem must be proved). Proofs are difficult, though even with the use of powerful theorem provers. This volume explains and illustrates an alternative method, which allows the construction of (necessarily correct) algorithms from a specification using algebraic transformations and refinement techniques which prevent the introduction of errors. Based on teaching material used extensively at Loughborough University, John Cooke introduces the basics, using simple examples and lots of detailed working (which can often be re-used). Constructing Correct Software will provide invaluable reading for students and practitioners of Computer Science and Software Engineering to whom correctness of software is of prime importance.
Constructing Ambient Intelligence ; AmI 2007 Workshops Darmstadt, Germany, November 7-10, 2007 Revised Papers
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the workshops of the First European Conference on Ambient Intelligence, AmI 2007, held in Darmstadt, Germany, in November 2007.
Constraint-Based Mining and Inductive Databases ; European Workshop on Inductive Databases and Constraint Based Mining, Hinterzarten, Germany, March 11-13, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
The interconnected ideas of inductive databases and constraint-based mining are appealing and have the potential to radically change the theory and practice of data mining and knowledge discovery.
