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Structure of Enteric Neurons
The plexuses of Auerbach and Meissner are peculiar to the gut; they extend from the beginning of the unstriated portion of the oesophagus to the end of the rectum. They have usually been considered to belong to the sympathetic system, but it appears to me preferable to place them in a class by themselves. We may speak of them as forming the enteric nervous system. (Langley 1900) In this context,itislessimportant that Langleyexcludedthe striated part of the oesophagus from his de?nition of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Much more remarkable seems to be that for Langley, a physiologist, structural reasons were the most decisive for taking the nervous system within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract as an entity unto itself.
Structural detailing in steel : A comparative study of British, European and American codes and practices
Construction time constraints are partly responsible for the increasingly prevalent use of structural steel. The need for swift completed framework and fabrication is of paramount importance. This extensive manual looks at the various aspects of steel construction. It covers the full scope of structural steelwork detailing, including fundamentals, draughting practice and conventions, conventional methods of detailing components, full scale constructed facilities and computer aided practices. A number of codes have also been included for those engineers who wish to carryout in-depth study of practices where jobs are in progress.
Structural Change and Exchange Rate Dynamics : The Economics of EU Eastern Enlargement
Structural change, economic growth and adequate exchange rate adjustment are key challenges in the context of EU eastern enlargement as are consistent macroeconomic policies. The authors focus on sectoral adjustment across industries in catching-up countries and explain changes in the composition of output – this includes new aspects of the Chenery model. They describe and analyze the spatial pattern of specialization and adjustment in many countries. Theoretical and empirical analysis of foreign direct investment, innovation and structural change shed new light on economic dynamics in Old Europe and New Europe. As regards exchange rate dynamics both traditional aspects (such as the Balassa-Samuelson effect) and new approaches to understanding exchange rate developments are presented. Links between exchange rate changes and innovation are particularly emphasized.
Strategic Management : New Rules for Old Europe
The European market presents numerous opportunities and challenges for business enterprises. In this anthology, lecturers and researchers of Saarland University's Europa-Institut present the latest findings and trends of their most important research topics. They discuss the present state of the art in European management, focussing on the areas of marketing & commerce, finance, human resource management & entrepreneurship, as well as European policy. Important environmental changes like the EU enlargement have been taken into account and the consequential challenges for Old Europe concerning management and policy are identified and analysed.
Stochastic Analysis and Applications ; The Abel Symposium 2005
The Abel Symposium 2005 was organized as a tribute to the work of Kiyosi Ito on the occasion of his 90th birthday. Distinguished researchers from all over the world were invited to present the newest developments within the exciting and fast growing field of stochastic analysis. The present volume combines both papers from the invited speakers and contributions by the presenting lecturers.
Statistical Physics for Cosmic Structures
The physics of scale-invariant and complex systems is a novel interdisciplinary field. Its ideas allow us to look at natural phenomena in a radically new and original way, eventually leading to unifying concepts independent of the detailed structure of the systems. The objective is the study of complex, scale-invariant, and more general stochastic structures that appear both in space and time in a vast variety of natural phenomena, which exhibit new types of collective behaviors, and the fostering of their understanding. This book has been conceived as a methodological monograph in which the main methods of modern statistical physics for cosmological structures and density fields (galaxies, Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, etc.) are presented in detail. The main purpose is to present clearly, to a workable level, these methods, with a certain mathematical accuracy, providing also some paradigmatic examples of applications.
Statistical Hydrodynamic Models for Developed Mixing Instability Flows : Analytical "0D" Evaluation Criteria, and Comparison of Single-and Two-Phase Flow Approaches
Part textbook, part exploratory work, this book aims to raise the awareness of students, physicists, and engineers in turbulence on the modeling of gravitationally induced turbulent mixing flows as produced, for instance, by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The discussion is centered on the differences between single-fluid and two-fluid approaches, and it is illustrated with a 0D analysis of two specific elementary models in common use. Important deviations are shown to appear on many features, among others the prominence of directed energy, the simultaneous restitution of test cases, the responses to variable acceleration and shocks, and the behavior of various length scales.
Statistical and Inductive Inference by Minimum Message Length
This book gives a sound introduction to the Minimum Message Length Principle and its applications, provides the theoretical arguments for the adoption of the principle, and shows the development of certain approximations that assist its practical application. MML appears also to provide both a normative and a descriptive basis for inductive reasoning generally, and scientific induction in particular. The book describes this basis and aims to show its relevance to the Philosophy of Science.
State Liability for Breaches of European Law : An economic analysis
In this book, Roosebeke analyses non-contractual state liability in the European Union. He empirically explains differences in member states’ breaching behaviour and presents the state liability doctrine as developed by the European Court of Justice in a number of judgements.
Starting out with C++ from control structures through objects
covers control structures, functions, arrays, and pointers before objects and classes in Tony Gaddis’s hallmark accessible, step-by-step presentation. His books help beginning students understand the important details necessary to become skilled programmers at an introductory level. Gaddis motivates the study of both programming skills and the C++ programming language by presenting all the details needed to understand the “how” and the “why”–but never losing sight of the fact that most beginners struggle with this material. His approach is gradual and highly accessible, ensuring that students understand the logic behind developing high-quality programs. As with all Gaddis texts, clear and easy-to-read code listings, concise and practical real-world examples, and an abundance of exercises appear in every chapter. Updates to the 9th Edition include revised, improved problems throughout and a new chapter featuring completely rewritten and expanded material on the Standard Template Library (STL).
Star Maps : History, Artistry, and Cartography
This book traces the history of celestial cartography and relates this history to the changing ideas of man’s place in the universe and to advances in map-making. Included in the book are discussions of non-European celestial maps and chapters on early American influences and celestial map-collecting.
Stakeholder Dialogues in Natural Resources Management : Theory and Practice
Participatory Processes for Natural Resource Management Ortwin Renn University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany Need for analytic-deliberative processes Inviting the public to be part of the decision making process in natural resource management has been a major objective in European and American environmental policy arenas.
Springer Handbook of Speech Processing
Playd a fundamental role for sustainable progress in speech research and development. The handbook could also be used as a sourcebook for one or more graduate courses on signal processing for speech and different aspects of speech processing and applications. A quickly accessible source of application-oriented, authoritative and comprehensive information about these technologies, it combines the established knowledge derived from research in such fast evolving disciplines as Signal Processing and Communications, Acoustics, Computer Science and Linguistics.
Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics
Consolidates authoritative and state-of-the-art information from the large number of disciplines used in experimental fluid mechanics into a readable desk reference book. It comprises four parts covering Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, Measurement of Primary Quantities, Specific Experimental Environments and Techniques, and Analyses and Post-Processing of Data. Prepared for physicists and engineers in research and development in universities, industry and in governmental research institutions or national laboratories. Both experimental methodology and techniques are covered fundamentally and for a wide range of application fields.
Spreading Democracy and the Rule of Law? : The Impact of EU Enlargemente for the Rule of Law, Democracy and Constitutionalism in Post-Communist Legal Orders
This book fills this gap, and addresses the question of the consequences of the "external force" of European enlargement upon the understanding and practice of democracy and the rule of law and among both the main legal-political actors and the general public in the new member-states. A number of leading legal scholars, sociologists and political scientists, both from Central and Eastern Europe and from outside, address these issues in a systematic and critical way. Taken together, these essays help answer a fundamental question: does the European Union have the potential of promoting and consolidate democracy and human rights.
Sport and Public Health
What Is the Importance of Sports in Our Lives? Physical Benefits of Sports. Playing sports can make you stronger and healthier, contributing to lower obesity rates. Athletes tend to have lower body mass indexes, but non-athlete participants will still benefit from developing muscles and burning calories. Active people tend to have lower rates of diabetes and high blood pressure. Exercising regularly through sports programs could contribute to better heart and lung function. Learning to play sports as a child might carry over into being a more active adult. Some sports tend to have a more lasting impact from childhood into adulthood: soccer, baseball and hockey, for example. In sports such as gymnastics or diving, athletes tend to peak while still young and not participate as adults. Importance of Healthy Socializing. Children who play sports are less likely to use drugs and smoke. Female athletes might also be less likely to become pregnant in high school.
Spillovers and Innovations : Space, Environment, and the Economy
Innovation processes and related spillovers are of eminent importance in a modern economy. How do they relate to spatial structures and environmental factors? The papers analyse innovation processes and spillovers in the economy from various angles, focussing mainly on regional and environmental aspects. Among others they touch issues on university spillovers, urban tourism, highway investments, industry clusters, and econometrics. An introductory chapter sets the stage for the following discussion, and a concluding chapter evaluates the achievements. Contributors from Austria, other European countries and from the U.S.A. discuss this question from various angles: among others universities, urban tourism, highway investments, and industry clusters. The volume demonstrates the relevance of the concept of spillovers, particularly in the context of innovations, and stimulates future work in this area.
Spies in the Sky : Surveillance Satellites in War and Peace
Responds to the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the dawn of the Space Age – the launch of Sputnik 1 – with a review of the most important historical applications of space science for the benefit of the human race during that half century, focusing particularly on the prevention of nuclear war. The author addresses the oft quoted conclusion that the Moon landings and the ‘race to the Moon’ between the two superpowers were a side effect of the Cold War, by describing what he believes was the more important event – the use of satellites by military to prevent the Cold War becoming a ‘hot war’. In developing the story the author casts a spotlight on a little-known aspect of the Space Age, namely the military dimension. Today military satellites represent 25 percent of all satellites in orbit, and they are just as important now in preventing regional nuclear war as they were in preventing global Armageddon more than 30 years ago.
Speaking management : How to spot language traps and resolve contested management terms
Explores how disagreement can be resolved using these new clear definitions and extends this into an analysis of who ‘good’ ethics are good for. It also incorporates a section on “how to speak management and actually know what you are talking about”, written in the style of an ‘idiots guide’ or ‘guide for dummies’. This identifies common, everyday circumstances in which lack of agreed definitions cause avoidable confusion and provides the book’s focus on conflict dissolution rather than on conflict resolution.
Speaking in God's name : Islamic law, authority, and women
This challenging book reviews the ethical foundations of the Islamic legal system, suggesting that an authoritarian reading of scripture has often had grave consequences for parts of Muslim society. Drawing upon both religious and secular sources.
