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New Directions in Human Information Behavior
The book presents chapters by an interdisciplinary range of scholars who show new directions that often challenge the established views and paradigms of information behavior studies. Beginning with an evolutionary framework, the book examines information behaviors over various epochs of human existence from the Palaeolithic Era and within pre-literate societies, to contemporary behaviors by 21st century humans. Drawing upon social and psychological science theories the book presents a more integrated and holistic approach to the understanding of information behaviors that include multitasking and non-linear longitudinal processes, individuals’ information ground, information practices and information sharing, digital behaviors and human information organizing behaviors. The final chapter of the book integrates these new approaches and presents an overview of the key trends, theories and models for further research.
New Directions in Cognitive Information Retrieval
New Directions in Cognitive Information Retrieval presents an exciting new direction for research into cognitive oriented information retrieval (IR) research, a direction based on an analysis of the user’s problem situation and cognitive behavior when using the IR system. This contrasts with the current dominant IR research paradigm which concentrates on improving IR system matching performance. The chapters describe the leading edge concepts and models of cognitive IR that explore the nexus between human cognition, information and the social conditions that drive humans to seek information using IR systems. Chapter topics include: Polyrepresentation, cognitive overlap and the boomerang effect, Multitasking while conducting the search, Knowledge Diagram Visualizations of the topic space to facilitate user assimilation of information, Task, relevance, selection state, knowledge need and knowledge behavior, search training built into the search, children’s collaboration for school projects, and other cognitive perspectives on IR concepts and issues.
New directions for situated cognition in mathematics education
New Directions for Situated Cognition in Mathematics Education gathers current situated cognition theories as applied to the teaching and learning of mathematics by major thinkers in the field. Arranged to be read cover to cover or by the individual chapter, this unique volume examines situated cognition in all levels and contexts of math instruction, in traditional school settings, in adult education, at home, on the job, or on the street. Well-known authorities explore beyond traditional concepts of good practice and the relationship between knowledge and the learner while synthesizing insights from related perspectives, including semiotics, activity theory, ardinas practice, and Moll’s concept of funds of knowledge.
New Directions : Efficiency and Productivity
The key unifying conceptual tool of this important entry in the study of efficiency and productivity is the directional distance function. In New Directions the authors take up this new performance measure while also maintaining their ''traditional'' axiomatic production theoretic approach.
New Dimensions of Business Reporting and XBRL
The authors of this book analyse the social and technical nature and role of XBRL in information supply chains and capital markets as well as the XBRL standard and taxonomies. They provide a critical view of XBRL from a research perspective, present different projects in the XBRL area and indicate future directions for XBRL research. Current research questions are taken up and discussed from different perspectives. From a technical point of view, the research spectrum encompasses the internal perspective up to the final user layer. Apart from these technical issues, there are also key socio-technical aspects which are vital to the understanding of XBRL use.
New Developments in Parsing Technology
Parsing can be defined as the decomposition of complex structures into their constituent parts, and parsing technology as the methods, the tools, and the software to parse automatically. Parsing is a central area of research in the automatic processing of human language. Parsers are being used in many application areas, for example question answering, extraction of information from text, speech recognition and understanding, and machine translation. New developments in parsing technology are thus widely applicable. This book contains contributions from many of today's leading researchers in the area of natural language parsing technology. The contributors describe their most recent work and a diverse range of techniques and results. This collection provides an excellent picture of the current state of affairs in this area. This volume is the third in a series of such collections, and its breadth of coverage should make it suitable both as an overview of the current state of the field for graduate students, and as a reference for established researchers.
New Developments in Formal Languages and Applications
The theory of formal languages is widely recognized as the backbone of theoretical computer science, originating from mathematics and generative linguistics, among others. As a foundational discipline, formal language theory concepts and techniques are present in a variety of theoretical and applied fields of contemporary research which are concerned with symbol manipulation: discrete mathematics, bioinformatics, natural language processing, pattern recognition, text retrieval, learning, cryptography, compression, etc.
New Developments in Classification and Data Analysis ; Proceedings of the Meeting of the Classification and Data Analysis Group (CLADAG) of the Italian Statistical Society, University of Bologna, September 22-24, 2003
This volume contains revised versions of selected papers presented during the biannual meeting of the Classification and Data Analysis Group of SocietA Italiana di Statistica, which was held in Bologna, September 22-24, 2003. The scientific program of the conference included 80 contributed papers. the conference provided a large number of scientists and experts from home and abroad with an attractive forum for discussions and mutual exchange of knowledge. The talks in the different sessions focused on methodological developments in supervised and unsupervised classification and in data analysis, also p- viding relevant contributions in the context of applications. This suggested the presentation of the 43 selected papers in three parts as follows: CLASSIFICATION AND CLUSTERING Non parametric classification Clustering and dissimilarities MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS APPLIED MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS Environmental data Microarray data Behavioural and text data Financial data
New Concepts of Antiviral Therapy
Antiviral drugs are important tools for treatment or prevention of viral infections. These drugs were first used for monotherapy, but nowadays combinations of antiviral agents are often part of a standard treatment as evidenced by e.g. HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy). However, in almost every case of antiviral therapy, drug resistant viruses appear. In addition, the low oral bioavailability, toxicity and the number of severe side effects still pose significant problems. All of the latter issues limit the clinical usefulness and drive the need for improved antiviral strategies. These strategies include new drugs and targets, novel modes of action, vector-based treatments and even the block of defined genes by inhibiting mRNA formation (siRNA).
New Computational Paradigms ; 1st Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2005, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 8-12, 2005, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the first International Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2005, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands in June 2005. The 68 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 144 submissions. Among them are papers corresponding to two tutorials, six plenary talks and papers of six special sessions involving mathematical logic and computer science at the same time as offering the methodological foundations for models of computation. The papers address many aspects of computability in Europe with a special focus on new computational paradigms. These include first of all connections between computation and physical systems (e.g., quantum and analog computation, neural nets, molecular computation), but also cover new perspectives on models of computation arising from basic research in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science.
New Computational Paradigms : Changing Conceptions of What is Computable
This book examines new developments in the theory and practice of computation from a mathematical perspective, with topics ranging from classical computability to complexity, from biocomputing to quantum computing. The book opens with an introduction by Andrew Hodges, the Turing biographer, who analyzes the pioneering work that anticipated recent developments concerning computation’s allegedly new paradigms. The remaining material covers traditional topics in computability theory such as relative computability, theory of numberings, and domain theory, in addition to topics on the relationships between proof theory, computability, and complexity theory.
New Computational Methods in Power System Reliability
Power system reliability is in the focus of intensive study due to its critical role in providing energy supply to the modern society. This book is not aimed at providing the overview of the state of the art in power system reliability. On the contrary, it describes application of some new specific techniques: universal generating function method and its combination with Monte Carlo simulation and with random processes methods, Semi-Markov and Markov reward models and genetic algorithm.
New Challenges in Superconductivity : Experimental Advances and Emerging Theories ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Miami, Florida, 11-14 January 2004
This volume contains the proceedings of the 2004 University of Miami Workshop on Unconventional Superconductivity. The workshop was the fourth in a series of successful meetings on High-T Superconductivity and C related topics, which took place at the James L. Knight Physics Building on the University of Miami campus in Coral Gables, Florida, in January 1991, 1995, 1999, and 2004. The workshop consisted of two consecutive events: 1. NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on New Challenges in Superconductivity: Experimental Advances and Emerging Theories, held on January 11-14, 2004; 2. Symposium on Emerging Mechanisms for High Temperature Superconductivity (SEMHTS), held on January 15-16, 2004.
New Challenges in Applied Intelligence Technologies
This book includes 37 chapters which discuss examples of applications of intelligence technologies to five fields, reflecting main streams of practical and scientific interest of computer related community: agent and multi-agent systems; personal assistants and recom mender systems; knowledge modeling and processing; optimization and combinatorial problems; computer and telecommunication systems.
New Carbon Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems : Batteries, Supercapacitors and Fuel Cells
This NATO-ARW volume contains a diverse collection of papers addressing the role of carbon in some key electrochemical systems, both conventional and emerging. These papers discuss the latest issues associated with development, synthesis, characterization and use of new advanced carbonaceous materials for electrochemical energy storage. Such systems include: metal-air primary and rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, cathodes and anodes of lithium-ion and lithium polymer rechargeable batteries, as well as nanocarbon materials of the future.
New Business Models for the Reuse of Secondary Resources from WEEEs : The FENIX Project
This book summarizes research being pursued within the FENIX project, funded by the EU community under the H2020 programme, the goal of which is to design a new product service paradigm able to promote innovative business models, to open added value to the vessels and to create new market segments. It experiments and validates its approach on three new concepts of added-value specialized vessels able to run requested services for several maritime sectors in the most effective, efficient, economic valuable and eco-friendly way. The three vessels share the same lean design methodology, IoT tools and HPC simulation strategy: a lean fact-based design model approach, which combines real operative data at sea with lean methodology, to support the development and implementation of the vessel concepts; IT customized tools to enable the acquisition, processing and usage of on board and local weather data, through an IoT platform, to provide business services to different stakeholders; HPC simulation, providing a virtual towing tank environment, for early vessel design improvement and testing. The book demonstrates that an integrated LCC analysis and LCC strategy to guarantee sustainability to vessels concepts and the proper environmental attention inside the maritime industry.
New Aspects of Zirconium Containing Organic Compounds
Metal carbene complexes have made their way from organometallic curiosities to valuable reagents and catalysts. They offer novel synthetic opportunities in carbon-carbon bond formation based on either carbene-centered reactions or on metal-templated processes which makes them indispensable in modern synthetic methodology. The most prominent metal carbenes are now either commercially available or easy to synthesize and handle with modern laboratory techniques. This volume organized in eight chapters written by the leading scientists in the field illustrates the theoretical background, non-classical nucleophilic and cycloaddition patterns, chromium-templated benzannulation and photo-induced reactions, rhodium-catalyzed carbene transfer as well as the principles and applications of olefin metathesis which has coined the progress in synthetic methodology over the past decade. Designed for researchers in academia and industry as well as graduate students it presents the state-of-the-art potential of carbene complexes in modern organic synthesis.
New Aspects in Phosphorus Chemistry V
The use of polyphosphazenes as fluoroelastomers, flame retardants and self-extinguishing macromolecules, polymeric ionic conductors, biomaterials, and photosensitive polymeric compounds is outlined. This volume,as well as the four precedent volumes,describes only in part the huge number of original papers on phosphorus-related topics. Some further volumes will be necessary in the future to cover all aspects of this chemistry in perpetual rebirth.
New architecture in wood : forms and structures
Building with wood is currently enjoying a comeback. The reasons for the return of this ancient construction material are manifold. More than just being a renewable material that stores the carbon dioxide so damaging to the climate, it also has excellent structural properties, creates an ideal interior climate, and is easily combined with all other common building materials. The diverse applications can draw on expertise with wooden structures gained over centuries plus current research into modern timber engineering. Significant new developments in this specialist discipline have been seen in recent decades, especially in the German-speaking countries.
New approaches for security, privacy and trust in complex environments ; Proceedings of the IFIP TC 11 22nd International Information Security Conference (SEC 2007), 14-16 May 2007, Sandton, South Africa
The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.
