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R&D Management Practices and Innovation : Evidence from a Firm Survey
This book provides a detailed account of firms’ research and development (R&D) management practices, and whether and how R&D management practices are associated with the success and the nature (explorative or exploitive) of innovation, using a unique survey of firms in Japan. While there is wide agreement that innovation is a key determinant for growth of firms, there are few studies that systematically and quantitatively investigate what firms do in their R&D management to create innovation. Utilizing insights from theoretical and empirical studies on innovation, the authors focus on the following four aspects of R&D management: the organizational structure of R&D, staged project management for R&D projects, compensation and incentive schemes for R&D personnel, and a firm’s risk preferences and corporate culture.
Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics?
For more than a century, quantum mechanics has served as a very powerful theory that has expanded physics and technology far beyond their classical limits, yet it has also produced some of the most difficult paradoxes known to the human mind. This book represents the combined efforts of sixteen of today's most eminent theoretical physicists to lay out future directions for quantum physics. The authors include Yakir Aharonov, Anton Zeilinger; the Nobel laureates Anthony Leggett and Geradus 't Hooft; Basil Hiley, Lee Smolin and Henry Stapp. Following a foreword by Roger Penrose, the individual chapters address questions such as quantum non-locality, the measurement problem, quantum insights into relativity, cosmology and thermodynamics, and the possible bearing of quantum phenomena on biology and consciousness.
Quantum-Statistical Models of Hot Dense Matter : Methods for Computation Opacity and Equation of State
Studies the widely used theoretical models for calculating properties of hot dense matter.In the processes studied in contemporary physics one encounters the most diverse conditions: temperatures ranging from absolute zero to those found in the cores of stars, and densities ranging from those of gases to densities tens of times larger than those of a solid body. Accordingly, the solution of many problems of modern physics requires an increasingly large volume of information about the properties of matter under various conditions, including extreme ones. Atthesame time, there is a demand for an increasing accuracy of these data, due to the fact that the reliability and computational substantiation of many unique technological devices and physical installations depends on them. The relatively simple models ordinarily described in courses on theoretical physics are not applicable when we wish to describe the properties of matter in a su?ciently wide range of temperatures and densities. ...
Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors : Physics and Applications
This book discusses the physics and applications of quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). The monograph discusses most aspects relevant for the field but omits, at the same time, detailed discussions of specialized topics such as the valence-band quantum wells.
Quantum Tunneling in Complex Systems : The Semiclassical Approach
This book introduces recent concepts and achievements with particular emphasis on a dynamical formulation and relations to specific systems in mesoscopic, molecular, and atomic physics.
Quantum Transport : Modelling, Analysis and Asymptotics — Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy September 11–16, 2006
The CIME Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy, in 2006 addressed researchers interested in the mathematical study of quantum transport models. In this volume, a result of the above mentioned Summer School, four leading specialists present different aspects of quantum transport modelling. Allaire introduces the periodic homogenization theory, with a particular emphasis on applications to the Schrödinger equation. Arnold focuses on several quantum evolution equations that are used for quantum semiconductor device simulations. Degond presents quantum hydrodynamic and diffusion models starting from the entropy minimization principle. Hou provides the state-of-the-art survey of the multiscale analysis, modelling and simulation of transport phenomena.
Quantum Theory of Magnetism : Magnetic Properties of Materials
This book provides a unified description of magnetic phenomena through means of the generalized susceptibility. The bulk of the book builds on this theoretical foundation to calculate the magnetic response to spatial and time-varying magnetic fields.
Quantum Theory of Conducting Matter : Newtonian Equations of Motion for a Bloch Electron
Quantum Theory of Conducting Matter: Newtonian Equations of Motion for a Bloch Electron targets scientists, researchers and graduate-level students focused on experimentation in the fields of physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, and material sciences.
Quantum Theory : A Wide Spectrum
This graduate-level textbook on quantum theory covers important recent developments and most aspects of the theory with detailed presentations. It is also a reference and research work which provides background for research in this discipline
Quantum Superposition : Counterintuitive Consequences of Coherence, Entanglement, and Interference
Coherence, entanglement, and interference arise from quantum superposition, the most distinctive and puzzling feature of quantum physics. Silverman, whose extensive experimental and theoretical work has helped elucidate these processes, presents a clear and engaging discussion of the role of quantum superposition in diverse quantum phenomena such as the wavelike nature of particle propagation, indistinguishability of identical particles, nonlocal interactions of correlated particles, topological effects of magnetic fields, and chiral asymmetry in nature. He also examines how macroscopic quantum coherence may be able to extricate physics from its most challenging quandary, the collapse of a massive degenerate star to a singularity in space in which the laws of physics break down.
Quantum Statistics of Nonideal Plasmas
This book deals with the statistical theory of strongly coupled Coulomb systems. After an elementary introduction to the physics of nonideal plasmas, a presentation of the method of (nonequilibrium) Green's functions is given. On this basis, the dielectric, thermodynamic, transport, and relaxation properties are discussed systematically. Especially, the behavior of bound states in the surrounding plasma (lowering of the ionization energy), the ionization kinetics, and the equation of state of dense partially ionized hydrogen are each carefully investigated. Furthermore, generalized kinetic equations are derived which are also valid for short time scales. They are applied to ultra-fast processes and to plasmas in laser fields.
Quantum Spaces : Poincaré Seminar 2007
The Poincare Seminar is held twice a year at the Institute Henri Poincare in Paris. The goal of this seminar is to provide up-to-date information about general topics of great interest in physics. Both the theoretical and experimental results are covered, with some historical background. Particular care is devoted to the pedagogical nature of the presentation.
Quantum Riemannian Geometry
Provides a comprehensive account of a modern generalisation of differential geometry in which coordinates need not commute. This requires a reinvention of differential geometry that refers only to the coordinate algebra, now possibly noncommutative, rather than to actual points.Such a theory is needed for the geometry of Hopf algebras or quantum groups, which provide key examples, as well as in physics to model quantum gravity effects in the form of quantum spacetime. The mathematical formalism can be applied to any algebra and includes graph geometry and a Lie theory of finite groups. Even the algebra of 2 x 2 matrices turns out to admit a rich moduli of quantum Riemannian geometries. The approach taken is a `bottom up’ one in which the different layers of geometry are built up in succession, starting from differential forms and proceeding up to the notion of a quantum `Levi-Civita’ bimodule connection, geometric Laplacians and, in some cases, Dirac operators ....
Quantum Probability and Spectral Analysis of Graphs
This is the first book to comprehensively cover the quantum probabilistic approach to spectral analysis of graphs. The book can be used as a concise introduction to quantum probability from an algebraic aspect.
Quantum Potential Theory
This volume contains the revised and completed notes of lectures given at the school "Quantum Potential Theory: Structure and Applications to Physics," held at the Alfried-Krupp-Wissenschaftskolleg in Greifswald from February 26 to March 10, 2007. Quantum potential theory studies noncommutative (or quantum) analogs of classical potential theory. These lectures provide an introduction to this theory, concentrating on probabilistic potential theory and it quantum analogs, i.e. quantum Markov processes and semigroups, quantum random walks, Dirichlet forms on C* and von Neumann algebras, and boundary theory. Applications to quantum physics, in particular the filtering problem in quantum optics, are also presented.
Quantum Plasmadynamics : Unmagnetized Plasmas
The field of quantum plasmas has a long and diverse tradition and is becoming of increasing current interest, motivated by applications to micro-electronics and to focused high-power lasers. In this book, plasma kinetic theory is developed in a covariant (4-tensor) notation, which facilitates generalizations to include all relativistic and electromagnetic effects. Relativistic quantum effects are included by using quantum electrodynamics (QED) to calculate the plasma response 4-tenors. The effects of the plasma are included in QED by replacing the photon propagator in vacuo by that in the medium, such that the poles of this propagator correspond to the natural wave modes of the medium.
Quantum Physics
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to quantum physics. The book useful as accompanying text for courses as well as for independent individual study. For both parts the necessary mathematical framework is treated in adequate form and detail.
Quantum Optics : Including Noise Reduction, Trapped Ions, Quantum Trajectories, and Decoherence
Quantum Optics gives a very broad coverage of basic laser-related phenomena that allow scientist and engineers to carry out research in quantum optics and laser physics. It covers quantization of the electromagnetic field, quantum theory of coherence, atom-field interaction models, resonance fluorescence, quantum theory of damping, laser theory using both the master equation and the Langevin theory, the correlated emission laser, input-output theory with applications to non-linear optics, quantum trajectories, quantum non-demolition measurements and generation of non-classical vibrational states of ions in a Paul trap. In this second edition, there is an enlarged chapter on decoherence, as well as additional material dealing with elements of quantum computation, entanglement of pure and mixed states as well as a chapter on quantum copying and processors.
Quantum Optics
Quantum Optics gives a comprehensive coverage of developments in quantum optics over the past years. In the early chapters the formalism of quantum optics is elucidated and the main techniques are introduced. These are applied in the later chapters to problems such as squeezed states of light, resonance fluorescence, laser theory, quantum theory of four-wave mixing, quantum non-demolition measurements, Bell's inequalities, and atom optics. Experimental results are used to illustrate the theory throughout. This yields the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of experiment and theory in quantum optics in any textbook. More than 40 exercises helps readers test their understanding and provide practice in quantitative problem solving.
Quantum Nonlinear Optics
This graduate-level textbook gives an introductory overview of the fundamentals of quantum nonlinear optics. Based on the quantum theory of radiation, Quantum Nonlinear Optics incorporates the exciting developments in novel nonlinear responses of materials (plus laser oscillation and superradiance) developed over the past decade.
