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Retrosynthesis in the Manufacture of Generic Drugs : Selected Case Studies
This book illustrates how the retrosynthetic tool is applied in the Pharmaceutical Industry. It considers and evaluates the many viable synthetic routes that can be used by practicing industrialists, guiding readers through the various steps that lead to the "best" processes and the limits encountered if these are put into practice on an industrial scale of seven key Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). It presents an evaluation of the potential each process has for implementation, before merging the two points of view—of retrosynthesis and process chemistry—in order to show how retrosynthetic analysis assists in selecting the most efficient route for an industrial synthesis of a particular compound whilst giving insight into the industrial process.
Retrofitting Cities for Tomorrow's World
A groundbreaking exploration of the most promising new ideas for creating the sustainable cities of tomorrow. / Reviews the most promising ideas for how to approach planning and coordinating a more sustainable urban future by 2050 through retrofitting existing structures / Explores how cities need to govern for urban retrofit and how future urban transitions and pathways can be managed, modeled and navigated / Offers inter-disciplinary insights from international contributors from both the academic and professional spheres / Develops a rigorous conceptual framework for analyzing existing challenges and fostering innovative ways of addressing those challenges
Retirement Home? Ageing Migrant Workers in France and the Question of Return
Offers new insights into the ageing-migration nexus and the nature of home. Documenting the hidden world of France’s migrant worker hostels, it explores why older North and West African men continue to live past retirement age in this sub-standard housing. Conventional wisdom holds that at retirement labour migrants ought to instead return to their families in home countries, where their French pensions would have far greater purchasing power. This paradox is the point of departure for a book which transports readers from the banlieues of Paris to the banks of the Senegal River and the villages of the Anti-Atlas. In intimate ethnographic detail, the author brings to life the experiences of these older labour migrants by sharing in the life of the hostels as a resident, by observing at close quarters the men's family life on the other side of the Mediterranean as a guest in their homes, and even by accompanying them in their travels by bus, sea, and air.
Retailing in the 21st Century : Current and Future Trends
Retailing in the new millennium stands as an exciting, complex and critical sector of business in most developed as well as emerging economies. Today, the retailing industry is being buffeted by a number of forces simultaneously, e.g., increasing competition within and across retailing formats, the growth of online retailing, the advent of ‘radio frequency identification’ (RFID) technology, the explosion in customer-level data availability, the global expansion of major retail chains like Wal-Mart and METRO Group and so on. Making sense of it all is not easy but of vital importance to retailing practitioners, analysts and policymakers. With crisp and insightful contributions from some of the world’s leading experts in retailing, Retailing in the 21st Century offers in one book a compendium of state-of-the-art, cutting-edge knowledge to guide successful retailing in the new millennium.
Responsibility and Dependable Systems
Responsibility and Dependable Systems is the first book to examine the relationship between responsibility and system dependability. Both editors have backgrounds in computing and social science giving them a unique insight into how responsibility influences system dependability in different environments.
Research, ethics and risk in the authoritarian field
This Open Access book offers a synthetic reflection on the authors’ fieldwork experiences in seven countries within the framework of ‘Authoritarianism in a Global Age’, a major comparative research project. It responds to the demand for increased attention to methodological rigor and transparency in qualitative research, and seeks to advance and practically support field research in authoritarian contexts. Without reducing the conundrums of authoritarian field research to a simple how-to guide, the book systematically reflects and reports on the authors’ combined experiences in (i) getting access to the field, (ii) assessing risk, (iii) navigating ‘red lines’, (iv) building relations with local collaborators and respondents, (v) handling the psychological pressures on field researchers, and (vi) balancing transparency and prudence in publishing research. It offers unique insights into this particularly challenging area of field research, makes explicit how the authors handled methodological challenges and ethical dilemmas, and offers recommendations where appropriate.
Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning
Urban and regional planners develop and evaluate plans for communities—the places we live, work, interact, and entertain on a daily basis. Their responsibilities require skills of retrieving, analyzing and presenting data.In specific, this book describes methods used in four areas: demographic analysis, economic analysis, land use analysis, and transportation analysis. Many people have been helpful and supportive throughout this endeavor. Up front are our families who understood and supported us during the period. Andrea Yang, Rainer’s wife and also a planner, edited various chapters. David Edelman and Wolfgang Preiser provided suggestions for the content of this book and excellent insights and guidance.
Representation Theory and Complex Analysis : Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Venice, Italy June 10–17, 2004
Six leading experts lecture on a wide spectrum of recent results on the subject of the title, providing both a solid reference and deep insights on current research activity. Michael Cowling presents a survey of various interactions between representation theory and harmonic analysis on semisimple groups and symmetric spaces. Alain Valette recalls the concept of amenability and shows how it is used in the proof of rigidity results for lattices of semisimple Lie groups. Edward Frenkel describes the geometric Langlands correspondence for complex algebraic curves, concentrating on the ramified case where a finite number of regular singular points is allowed. Masaki Kashiwara studies the relationship between the representation theory of real semisimple Lie groups and the geometry of the flag manifolds associated with the corresponding complex algebraic groups.
Representation Learning : Propositionalization and Embeddings
This monograph addresses advances in representation learning, a cutting-edge research area of machine learning. Representation learning refers to modern data transformation techniques that convert data of different modalities and complexity, including texts, graphs, and relations, into compact tabular representations, which effectively capture their semantic properties and relations. The monograph focuses on (i) propositionalization approaches, established in relational learning and inductive logic programming, and (ii) embedding approaches, which have gained popularity with recent advances in deep learning. The authors establish a unifying perspective on representation learning techniques developed in these various areas of modern data science, enabling the reader to understand the common underlying principles and to gain insight using selected examples and sample Python code. The monograph should be of interest to a wide audience, ranging from data scientists, machine learning researchers and students to developers, software engineers and industrial researchers interested in hands-on AI solutions.
Re-Politicising International Investment Law in Latin America through the Duty to Regulate Paradigm
offers insights into how international investment law (IIL) has frustrated states’ protection of human rights in Latin America, and IIL has generally abstained from dealing with inter-regime frictions. In these circumstances, this study not only argues that IIL should be an object of contention and debate (‘politicisation’). It also contends that Latin American countries have traditionally been the frontrunners in the politicisation of international legal instruments protecting foreign investment, questioning whether the paradigms informing their claims’ articulation are adequate to frame this debate.
Reoperative Pediatric Surgery
Reoperative surgery is a prevailing challenge faced by pediatric surgeons. Reoperative Pediatric Surgery constitutes in one volume the most up to date information and techniques for critical cases in all of the pediatric surgical specialties including oncology, gastroenterology, gynecology, urology, radiology, and cardiology. Recognized experts impart their knowledge of indications for reoperative surgeries, radiologic evaluation, surgical procedures which may require seldom used and extremely complex techniques, and the risks and outcomes of these specialized approaches. These practicing surgeons provide insight into intricate corrective procedures involving the placement of grafts, stents, and supports with necessary forecasting for complications arising from anatomic growth and disease recurrence.
Remote Sensing of Coastal Aquatic Environments : Technologies, Techniques and Applications
This book provides extensive insight on remote sensing of coastal waters from aircraft and space-based platforms. The primary focus of the book is optical remote sensing using passive instruments, to measure and analyze the coastal aquatic environment.
Remote C-H Bond Functionalizations : Methods and Strategies in Organic Synthesis
Featuring contributions by an international team of experts, this authoritative volume provides deep insight into distal functionalizations, including detailed discussion of mechanisms, the engineering of templates, and the design of strategies. The text covers a diverse range of topics including C-H functionalization of palladium/norbornene catalysis, ruthenium-catalyzed remote functionalization, the non-directed distal C(sp2)-H, functionalization, transition metal catalyzed distal para-selective C-H functionalization, and much more.
Religious offences in common law Asia : Colonial legacies, constitutional rights and contemporary practice
Providing rigorous studies of common law jurisdictions that have adopted similar provisions in their penal code, the contributors provide an original examination and analysis of the use and development of these religious clauses in their respective jurisdictions. They draw upon their insights into the background sociopolitical and constitutional contexts to consider how the inter-relationship of religion and state may determine the rationale and scope of religious offences.
Religion and the Decline of Fertility in the Western World
Provides new insights into the relationships between religion and demography during the crucial period of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Apart from providing a wealth of descriptive information on family life and fertility in different national and religious settings, the major strength of the book lies in its conceptual insights. The book will attract and stimulate readers at the advanced undergraduate or at the graduate level in history, religious studies, women’s studies, family studies, social demography, sociology, and anthropology due to its subject matter (moral issues related to fertility decline and family change played an important role in processes like secularisation, and religious secessions in the19th and 20th century)
Reliable Face Recognition Methods : System Design, Implementation and Evaluation
This book seeks to comprehensively address the face recognition problem while gaining new insights from complementary fields of endeavor. The book examines the evolution of research surrounding the field to date, explores new directions, and offers specific guidance on the most promising venues for future research and development.
Reimagining sustainable organization : Perspectives on arts, design, leadership, knowledge and project management
This book offers students and managers a rich conceptual understanding and research-based insights into the opportunities of imagination and organization… an important, approachable contribution elaborating perspectives on research avenues, sustainable design, power and knowledge dynamics in projects, as well as the spread of management ideas for the future.
Regularized system identification: learning dynamic models from data
Provides a comprehensive treatment of recent developments in kernel-based identification that are of interest to anyone engaged in learning dynamic systems from data. The reader is led step by step into understanding of a novel paradigm that leverages the power of machine learning without losing sight of the system-theoretical principles of black-box identification. The authors’ reformulation of the identification problem in the light of regularization theory not only offers new insight on classical questions, but paves the way to new and powerful algorithms for a variety of linear and nonlinear problems. Regression methods such as regularization networks and support vector machines are the basis of techniques that extend the function-estimation problem to the estimation of dynamic models. Many examples, also from real-world applications, illustrate the comparative advantages of the new nonparametric approach with respect to classic parametric prediction error methods.
Reforms, Organizational Change and Performance in Higher Education : A Comparative Account from the Nordic Countries
This book investigates the effects of changes in leadership and managerial structures of Nordic universities resulting from reforms in the last decade. It builds on a rich, comparative dataset across a multiplicity of system-wide (macro) and organisational (meso and micro) dimensions, namely: reform or policy initiatives; drivers, aims, instruments and actors; structural changes within universities; strategic and performance management ; the rise of accountability regimes; incentive and evaluative systems; and perceived changes/effects by the key actors involved, at various levels. The volume provides critical insights to the larger phenomenon of change and adaptation within the public sector. Its findings and implications are of relevance to social science researchers, policy makers, managers/administrators, and external stakeholders.
Reflective Practice in Arts Education
This book is focused on the role of reflective practice, as a source and resource for teaching and learning, and research in the arts. It aims to investigate the concept of reflection and its application to a range of contemporary arts education contexts for both teachers and learners. For beginning and experienced teachers the book offers practical ideas and frameworks for thinking critically about their own teaching (and learning) as well as providing insights into work taking place in other arts disciplines. The growing field of arts partnerships and artist/educators is also well represented by case studies and descriptions of specific practical strategies.
