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X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy for laboratory applications
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Laboratory Applications begins with a short overview of the physical fundamentals of the generation of X-rays and their interaction with the sample material, followed by a presentation of the different methods of sample preparation in dependence on the quality of the source material and the objective of the measurement. After a short description of the different available equipment types and their respective performance, the book provides in-depth information on the choice of the optimal measurement conditions and the processing of the measurement results. It covers instrument types for XRF; acquisition and evaluation of X-Ray spectra; analytical errors; analysis of homogeneous materials, powders, and liquids; special applications of XRF; process control and automation.
Windup in Control : Its Effects and Their Prevention
MIMO systems in which the behaviour of controlled variables is decoupled require specific input vectors and so also suffer problems of directionality when their input signals saturate. Windup in Control offers an exact solution to this directionality problem for stable and unstable systems.
Urban Transportation Planning in the United States : History, Policy, and Practice
The book focuses in-depth at the most significant event in transportation planning--the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962; creating a federal mandate for a comprehensive urban transportation planning process carried out cooperatively by states and local governments with federal funding, this act was crucial in the spread of urban transportation. Claiming that urban transportation planning is more sophisticated, costly, and complex than its highway and transit planning predecessors, the book demonstrates how urban transportation planning evolved in response to changes in such factors as environment, energy, development patterns, intergovernmental coordination, and federal transit programs. It further illustrates how broader concerns for global climate change and sustainable development have braided the purview of transportation planning. This fully updated, revised, and expanded edition highlights the dynamics of transportation planning post-9/11, covers the impact of recent legislation, emphasizes such timely issues as security, oil dependence, performance measurement, and public-private sector collaboration.
Towards Synthesis of Micro--/Nano-systems ; The 11th International Conference on Precision Engineering (ICPE) August 16-18, 2006, Tokyo, Japan
At the beginning of the 21st century, manufacturing industry is faced with new challenges stemming from globalization and the need for environmental sustainability. The progress of micro-/nano technology means that precision engineering is now considered to be one of the core disciplines necessary for coping with the sometimes severe requirements of new product and system development. From basic research to practical applications, advanced process-technological methods for the design and synthesis of micro-/nano-systems are becoming more and more important. This collection of papers, presented at 11th International Conference on Precision Engineering, includes high-quality papers for industrial and scientific sources, discusses leading-edge technologies and forecasts future trends.
The Metaphysics of Memory
This book investigates central issues in the philosophy of memory. Does remembering require a causal process connecting the past representation to its subsequent recall and, if so, what is the nature of the causal process? Of what kind are the primary intentional objects of memory states? How do we know that our memory experiences portray things the way they happened in the past? Given that our memory is not only a passive device for reproducing thoughts but also an active device for processing stored thoughts, when are thoughts sufficiently similar to be memory-related? The Metaphysics of Memory defends a version of the causal theory of memory, argues for direct realism about memory, proposes an externalist response to skepticism about memory knowledge, and develops a contextualist account of the factivity constraint on memory.
The Business Idea : The Early Stages of Entrepreneurship
Successful business ideas are not so much about talent as about a systematic approach. The Business Idea encourages new ways of thinking when it comes to entrepreneurship and innovation. Too many ventures originate in the solutions the entrepreneur has to offer and not in the problem the customer needs solved. Business plans done this way can often lead to disappointment. The Business Idea leaves behind this product orientated logic. The book presents new, applicable entrepreneurship methods for developing creative market insight, for identifying windows of opportunity, creating business concepts and entrepreneurial strategies for successful market entry. Entrepreneurship is a complex and risky process compared to almost everything else in business life, so it richly deserves to have its own theoretical and methodological toolbox. The Business Idea provides the tools making it of interest to anyone who works with getting an enterprise off the ground or studies entrepreneurship.
Taste : Media and Interior Design
Traces and explores the evolution of taste from a design perspective: what it is, how it works, and what it does. Examines taste primarily through its recursive relationship to media. This ongoing process changes the relationship between designers and the public, and our understanding of the relationship of individuals to their social contexts. Through an analysis of taste, design is understood to be an active constituent of social life, not as autonomous from it. This book reclaims a term long dismissed from interior design and unveils taste’s role as a powerful social and political agent within systems of aesthetics, affecting both its producers and consumers. Each chapter discusses a taste concept or definition, analyzes its reciprocal relationship with media, and explores its implications for interior design. Illustrated with 70 images, taste’s relationship to media is viewed through a variety of different lenses, including books, photography, magazines, internet, social media and algorithms. Written primarily for students and scholars of interior design and related design fields, this book will be a helpful resource for all those interested in the question of taste, and is an invitation to produce and consume all media critically.
Systems Analysis for Water Technology
Presents in a concise format the methods used to develop mathematical models for water and wastewater treatment. It provides a systematic approach to mass balances, transport and transformation processes, kinetics, stoichiometry, reactor hydraulics, residence time distribution, heterogeneous systems, and the dynamic behaviour of reactors.
System Software Reliability
Computer software reliability has never been more important. Today, computers are employed in areas as diverse as air traffic control, nuclear reactors, aircraft, real-time military, industrial process control, security system control, biometric scan-systems, automotive, mechanical and safety control, and hospital patient monitoring systems. Many of these applications require critical functionality as software applications increase in size and complexity. System Software Reliability is an introduction to software reliability engineering as well as a detailed survey of the state-of-the-art techniques, methodologies and tools used to assess the reliability of software and combined software-hardware systems. The most recent research results in the field are reported and future directions in the subject are signposted.
System analysis and modeling ; 4th International SDL and MSC Workshop, SAM 2004, Ottawa, Canada, June 1-4, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
Constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the 4th International Workshop on SDL and MSC, SAM 2004, held in Ottawa, Canada in June 2004. The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and revision from initially 46 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on SDL and eODL, evolution of languages, requirements and MSC, security, SDL and modeling, and experience.
System Analysis and Modeling : Language Profiles; 5th International Workshop, SAM 2006, Kaiserslautern, Germany, May 31 - June 2, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
Constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on System Analysis and Modelling, SAM 2006, held in Kaiserslautern, Germany in May/June 2006. The 14 revised full papers cover language profiles, evolution of development languages, model-driven development, and language implementation.
Subspace Methods for System Identification
the mathematical preliminaries are dealt with: numerical linear algebra; system theory; stochastic processes; and Kalman filtering. The second part explains realization theory, particularly that based on the decomposition of Hankel matrices, as it is applied to subspace identification methods. Two stochastic realization results are included, one based on spectral factorization and Riccati equations, the other on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for stationary processes. Part III uses the development of stochastic realization results, in the presence of exogenous inputs, to demonstrate the closed-loop application of subspace identification methods CCA and ORT (based on orthogonal decomposition).
Strategic IT Management : Increase value, control performance, reduce costs
Growth, mergers, restructuring, innovation - all these important topics of today’s companies cannot be implemented without a systematic approach to IT management. This book does not point out unrealistic „one size fits all“ solutions but offers basic systems to solve a broad range of IT problems and challenges. It also presents case examples for successfully implemented solutions – mostly in big companies as they ask for specific IT management."IT is not a cost factor, but a tool, to cut process costs in a company. This message cannot be elaborated enough in times of very short IT budgets. The book points out, how a company with tight resources can generate value – using standard as well as individual software
Software product lines in action : The best industrial practice in product line engineering
Software product lines represent perhaps the most exciting paradigm shift in software development since the advent of high-level programming languages. Nowhere else in software engineering have we seen such breathtaking improvements in cost, quality, time to market, and developer productivity, often registering in the order-of-magnitude range. While the underlying concepts are straightforward enough – building a family of related products or systems by planned and careful reuse of a base of generalized software development assets – the devil can be in the details, as successful product line practice can involve organizational change, business process change, and technology change.
Software Process Change ; International Software Process Workshop and International Workshop on Software Process Simulation and Modeling, SPW/ProSim 2006, Shanghai, China, May 20-21, 2006, Proceedings
Contains papers presented at the first joint conference of the Software Pr- ess Workshop and the International Workshop on Software Process Simulation and Modeling (SPW/ProSim 2006) held in Shanghai, P.R. China, 2006.
Soft Sensors for Monitoring and Control of Industrial Processes
Soft Sensors for Monitoring and Control of Industrial Processes underlines the real usefulness of each approach and the sensitivity of the individual steps in soft-sensor design to the choice of one or the other. Design paths are suggested and readers shown how to evaluate the effects of their choices. All the case studies reported, resulting from collaborations between the authors and a number of industrial partners, raised challenging soft-sensor-design problems. The applications of soft sensors presented in this volume are designed to cope with the whole range from measuring system backup and what-if analysis through real-time prediction for plant control to sensor diagnosis and validation. Some of the soft sensors developed here are implemented on-line at industrial plants.
Sensors data processing using machine learning
Collects research focusing on data processing using machine learning and deep learning. We invited investigators to contribute both original and review articles, covering the research and development in the areas of data processing using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). These areas include solutions that are designed for smart devices. In this reprint, leading experts in the field share their insights, research findings, and visions for the future. Together, we embark on a journey to unlock the potential of effective data processing that involves transforming data from a given format into a more usable and desirable form, rendering them more meaningful and informative. Machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and artificial intelligence (AI) have proven to be effective methods for this purpose. Through the utilization of machine learning algorithms, mathematical modeling, or various statistical techniques, the entire process can be automated.
Semantic web services and web process composition ; 1st International Workshop, SWSWPC 2004, San Diego, CA, USA, July 6, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
The workshop presented what can be achieved by the symbiotic s- thesis of two of the hottest R&D and technology application areas, Web services and the Semantic Web, as recognized at the 12th International World Wide Web conference (WWW 2003) and in the industry press. The emphasis of the workshop was mainly on Web services, Web processes and semantics which are important movements emerging in the World Wide Web. Web services and Web processes promise to ease several current infr- tructure challenges, such as data, application, and process integration. Web s- vices are truly platform-independent and allow the development of distributed, loosely coupled applications, a key characteristic for the success of dynamic Web processes.
Self-Service Data Analytics and Governance for Managers
Motivated by the promise of control and efficiency benefits, the widespread adoption of data analytics tools has created a new fast-moving environment of digital transformation in the finance, accounting, and operations world, where entire functions spend their days processing in spreadsheets. With the decentralization of application development as users perform their own analysis on data sets and automate spreadsheet processing without the involvement of IT, governance must be revisited to maintain process control in the new environment.
Selected Topics in Dynamics and Control of Chemical and Biological Processes
In view of the rapid changes in requirements, it has became necessary to place at the reader's disposal a book dealing with basic and advanced concepts and techniques for the monitoring and control of chemical and biochemical processes, as well as with the aspects of the implementation of these different robust techniques. To make the ideas covered in this book accessible to a larger audience, the authors attempted to present a balanced view of the theoretical and practical issues of control systems. Different cases are presented to illustrate the controller and observer design procedures and their dynamic effects in the closed-loop. The book consists of peer-reviewed contributions and aims the integration of recent research by a group of colleagues working on theory and practice of the process control. In order to embrace as chemical as control engineering themes, authors have proposed different kind of processes and distinct control scopes. This book is an effort to incorporate and link both theory-practice and chemical-control engineering.
