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The successful launch of polylactide marked white biotechnology’s break-through into the field of polymers and synthetics.Today crude oil is the most important energy source and the most widely used chemical raw material. Both primary industry and polymer chemistry currently depend to a great extent on oil. However, it is only a matter of time before the world’s oil reserves are depleted. Almost all studies presented to date agree that peak oil, i.e. the point in time when oil extraction reaches its highest level, will take place in the first half of the present century. The increasingly difficult development of new sources of oil have triggered initiatives worldwide to reduce national dependence on oil imports.