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This book reflects a profound change that has taken place in the practice of landscape architecture and planning in the past twenty years. Traditional modes of representation – pen, pencil, watercolor, marker, et al – have been supplanted by digital modeling and animation. This transformation is not just in the medium of representation, however; it is more than a subs- tution of one marking device for another, such as may have been the case in the past when, for example, mechanical pens with cartridges replaced pens with nibs that were filled by dipping. physical objects or arrangements in 3D were transformed into a series of lines in 2D (plans, sections, elevations, e. g.