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Thisbook seeks to provide a foundation for understanding the element’s uniquechemistry by offering insight from a broad range of chemistry viewpoints.A great deal of this information can be determined using X-ray absorptionspectroscopy (XAS), a method that is element-specific, and therefore can beused to study elements in their complex original matrices. In the first chapter,Andrews describes how XAS techniques can be used to study mercury specia-tion and binding in minerals, coal flue gas emissions, chelation with organicmatter, sulfide precipitation and in physiological forms.Photochemical redox reactions of mercury involve electron transfer di-rectly induced by absorption of light and consequent electronic excitation ofa mercury species in a specific oxidation state, or indirectly, by another non-XPrefacemercury species