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Insights into Receptor Function and New Drug Development Targets
G-Protein Coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other receptors are significant targets for drug discovery, due to their roles in fundamental physiological processes. Among these roles are: regulation of growth, food intake, reproduction, water balance, sensory perception, blood pressure and heart rate. GPCR-directed drugs account for approximately $40 billion in sales and, of drugs at market, approximately 70% target GPCR function. The availability of combinatorial chemistry coupled with high throughput screening techniques have facilitated discovery of peptidic and non-peptidic ligands of membrane receptors. Mutant receptor models have revealed their role in health and disease and provided insight to new therapeutic approaches, based on control of protein trafficking. Understanding receptor-receptor interactions has provided one mechanism for receptor cross-talk and revealed unexpected interactions.
Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies
Among the highlights of this book are the use of nanotechnology to increase potency of available insecticides, the use of genetic engineering techniques for controlling insect pests, the development of novel insecticides that bind to unique biochemical receptors, the exploration of natural products as a source for environmentally acceptable insecticides, and the use of insect genomics and cell lines for determining biological and biochemical modes of action of new insecticides.
Inorganic Reactions in Water
Organized to facilitate reference to the reagents involved, this book describes the reactions of the elements and their mostly simpler compounds, primarily inorganic ones and primarily in water. It emphasizes the similarities and differences in actual chemical behavior, as opposed to electronic structures and theories, although not exclusively.Inorganic Reactions in Water again makes available some of the more comprehensive coverage of descriptive aqueous chemistry found in older sources, but now corrected and interpreted with the added insights of the last seven decades. It also provides new information, including reactions of the recently discovered elements.
Inorganic Polymeric Nanocomposites and Membranes
This series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and materials science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered.This Book reviews different methods of synthesis of polysilalkylene or silarylene siloxanes that are sometimes called "hybrid" silicones. This special type of silicone has been developed to avoid the drawback of the depolymerization of classical polysiloxanes in certain conditions and to obtain elastomers with enhanced thermal and fuel resistance properties.
Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers
This book has its origins in courses taught by the author to various und- graduate and graduate students at the Indian Institute of Technology, K- pur, India. The diversity of inorganic chemistry and its impact on polymer chemistry has been profound. This subject matter has grown considerably in the last decade and the need to present it in a coherent manner to young minds is a pedagogic challenge. The aim of this book is to present to the students an introduction to the developments in Inorganic and - ganometallic polymers. This book is divided into eight chapters. Chapter 1 provides a general overview on the challenges of Inorganic polymer synthesis. This is f- lowed by a survey of organic polymers and also includes some basic f- tures of polymers. Chapters 3-8 deal with prominent families of inorganic and organometallic polymers. Although the target group of this book is the undergraduate and graduate students of chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science it is also hoped that chemists and related scientists in industry would find this book useful.
Inorganic and Organometallic Macromolecules : Design and Applications
Polymers containing metals and metal-like atoms are essential materials for the extended opportunities and demands of the 21st century. This book describes the synthesis of some of these polymers and their potential application in many fields such as materials, biomedicine, engineering, communications, and ceramics.
Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coatings for Advanced Manufacturing ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coating, Kiev, Ukraine,12 - 15 May 2004.
Modern industry imposes ever increasing requirements upon tools and tool materials as to the provision for performance under the conditions of high cutting speeds and dynamic loads as well as under intensive thermal and chemical interactions with workpiece materials. The industry demands a higher productivity in combination with the accuracy of geometry and dimensions of workpieces and quality of working surfaces of the machined pieces. These requirements are best met by the tool superhard materials (diamond and diamond-like cubic boron nitride). Ceramics based on silicon carbide, aluminum and boron oxides as well as on titanium, silicon and aluminum nitrides offer promise as tool materials. Tungsten-containing cemented carbides are still considered as suitable tool materials. Hi- hardness and high strength composites based on the above materials fit all the requirements imposed by machining jobs when manufacturing elements of machinery, in particular those operating under the extreme conditions of high temperatures and loads.
Innovative bioceramics in translational medicine II : Surgical applications
Highlights the latest advances in innovative bioceramics applied in the highly interdisciplinary area referred to as “translational medicine”. This volume predominantly written by surgeons in the fields of craniomaxillofacial, orthopedics, and spinal surgery, examines the translation of innovative bioceramics and bioceramics-based composite from the laboratory to a personalized surgical environment for the repair of damaged and diseased bone tissues.
Innovation Matters : Competition Policy for the High-Technology Economy
A proposal for moving from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy, reviewing theory and available evidence on economic incentives for innovation. Competition policy and antitrust enforcement have traditionally focused on prices rather than innovation. Economic theory shows the ways that price competition benefits consumers, and courts, antitrust agencies, and economists have developed tools for the quantitative evaluation of price impacts. Antitrust law does not preclude interventions to encourage innovation, but over time the interpretation of the laws has raised obstacles to enforcement policies for innovation. In this book, economist Richard Gilbert proposes a shift from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy. Antitrust enforcement should be concerned with protecting incentives for innovation and preserving opportunities for dynamic, rather than static, competition. In a high-technology economy, Gilbert argues, innovation matters.
Information technology in the service economy : Challenges and possibilities for the 21 Century ; IFIP TC8 WG8.2 International Working Conference August 10–13, 2008, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The scope of the series includes: foundations of computer science; software theory and practice; education; computer applications in technology; communication systems; systems modeling and optimization; information systems; computers and society; computer systems technology; security and protection in information processing systems; artificial intelligence; and human-computer interaction. Proceedings and post-proceedings of refereed international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research.
Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering ; ITEE 2007 - 3rd International ICSC Symposium
Potentially dangerous environmental changes are happening in the atm- phere, oceans, animal habitats and places where hazardous materials are used, or have been discarded without adequate environmental protections. These increasing problems that also affect human health demand for int- disciplinary approaches where engineers, natural scientists, economists and computer scientists work together. This book publishes the results of the ITEE 2007 conference where information about the topics above has been presented and discussed among environmental engineers, computer scientists and economists.
Information security and privacy ; 6th Australasian Conference, ACISP 2001, Sydney, Australia, July 11-13, 2001. Proceedings
A Few Thoughts on E-Commerce.- New CBC-MAC Forgery Attacks.- Cryptanalysis of a Public Key Cryptosystem Proposed at ACISP 2000.- Improved Cryptanalysis of the Self-Shrinking Generator.- Attacks Based on Small Factors in Various Group Structures.- On Classifying Conference Key Distribution Protocols.- Pseudorandomness of MISTY-Type Transformations and the Block Cipher KASUMI.- New Public-Key Cryptosystem Using Divisor Class Groups.- First Implementation of Cryptographic Protocols Based on Algebraic Number Fields.- Practical Key Recovery Schemes.- Non-deterministic Processors.- Personal Secure Booting.- Evaluation of Tamper-Resistant Software Deviating from Structured Programming Rules.- A Strategy for MLS Workflow.- Condition-Driven Integration of Security Services.- SKETHIC: Secure Kernel Extension against Trojan Horses with Informat ion-Carrying Codes.- Secure and Private Distribution of Online Video and Some Related Cryptographic Issues.- Private Information Retrieval Based on the Subgroup Membership Problem.
Information and its role in nature
Infromation and Its Role in Nature presents an in-depth interdisciplinary discussion of the concept of information and its role in the control of natural processes. After a brief review of classical and quantum information theory, the author addresses numerous central questions, including: Is information reducible to the laws of physics and chemistry? Does the Universe, in its evolution, constantly generate new information? Or are information and information-processing exclusive attributes of living systems, related to the very definition of life? If so, what is the role of information in classical and quantum physics? In what ways does information-processing in the human brain bring about self-consciousness? Accessible to graduate students and professionals from all scientific disciplines, this stimulating book will help to shed light on many controversial issues at the heart of modern science.
Inflammation and natural products ; 1st ed.
Brings together research in the area of the natural products and their anti-inflammatory action in medical, nutraceutical and food products, addressing specific chronic inflammatory diseases like cancer and the mechanistic aspects of the mode of action of some key natural products. Inflammation is a complicated process, driven by infection or injury or genetic changes, which results in triggering signalling cascades, activation of transcription factors, gene expression, increased levels of inflammatory enzymes, and release of various oxidants and pro-inflammatory molecules in inflammatory cells. Excessive oxidants and inflammatory mediators have a harmful effect on normal tissue, including toxicity, loss of barrier function, abnormal cell proliferation, inhibiting normal function of tissues and organs and finally leading to systemic disorders. The emerging development of natural product formulations utilizing the unique anti-inflammatory compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, terpenes, fatty acids, proteins and several other bioactive components has shown notable successes.
Industrial enzymes : Structure, function and applications
Man's use of enzymes dates back to the earliest times of civilization. Important human activities such as the production of certain types of foods and beverages, and the tanning of hides and skins to produce leather for garments, serendipitously took advantage of enzyme activities. Important advances in our understanding of the nature of enzymes and their action were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, seeding the explosive expansion from the 1950s and 60s onward to the present billion dollar enzyme industry. Recent developments in the fields of genetic engineering and protein chemistry are bringing ever more powerful means of analysis to bear on the study of enzyme structure and function that will undoubtedly lead to the rational modification of enzymes to match specific requirements as well as the design of new enzymes with novel properties.
Industrial enzyme applications
This reference is a "must-read": It explains how an effective and economically viable enzymatic process in industry is developed and presents numerous successful examples which underline the efficiency of biocatalysis.
Income Elasticity and Economic Development : Methods and Applications
Income Elasticity and Economic Development: Methods and Applications is mainly concerned with methods of estimating income elasticity. This field is connected with economic development that can be achieved by reducing income inequality. This is highly relevant in today's world, where the gap between rich and poor is widening with the growth of economic development. Income Elasticity and Economic Development: Methods and Applications provides a good example in showing how to calculate income elasticity, using a number of methods from widely available grouped data. Some of the techniques presented here can be used in a wide range of policy areas in all developed, developing and under-developed countries. Policy analysts, economists, business analysts and market researchers will find this book very useful.
In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Special Dosage Forms
Covers the in vitro release testing of: lipid based oral formulations; chewable oral drug products; injectables; drug eluting stents; inhalation products; transdermal formulations; topical formulations; vaginal and rectal delivery systems and ophthalmics. The book concludes with a look at regulatory aspects. Covers both oral and non-oral dosage forms Describes current regulatory conditions for in vitro drug release testing Features contributions from well respected global experts in dissolution testing
In situ NMR Methods in Catalysis
In Situ NMR Methods in Catalysis is part of the Springer series Topics in Current Chemistry. The book contains five chapters and a helpful author and subject index. Chapter by chapter, the individual contributions are well written and structured . The book presents an excellent resource for the reader who is interested in a delivery of topics related to homogenous catalysis, some of which can be investigated by NMR.This will be a must-have work for scientists and practitioners in any field related to modern chemical research. It will also be highly useful for many workers in industry who are required to keep up-to-date with the latest news in chemistry and applied chemistry. So much is covered here in critical review, from the present position of developing research to future trends.
Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops
This book highlights concepts discussed at two international conferences that brought together world-renowned scientists to advance the science of potassium (K) recommendations for crops.
