الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Nanotechnology in endodontics : Current and potential clinical applications
Provides detailed information on the emerging applications of nanomaterials and nanoparticles within endodontics, highlighting the exciting potential clinical impact of nanotechnology in the field. The range of applications covered is diverse, encompassing drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, antibacterial strategies, dentin tissue stabilization, dentin pulp regeneration and use in restorative and endodontic materials. Important scientific background information relating to each application is provided, with clear coverage of basic principles. In addition, potential pitfalls are identified and explained. The cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and nanoparticles is also addressed in a separate chapter. The book will be of value both for endodontic practitioners and for all scientists and graduate students who are interested in the application of nanotechnology in endodontics.
Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stabilization in Latin America
Latin America is a very important region of the globe, which has been buffeted by successive waves of economic instability within the last decades. These waves have caused several episodes of hyperinflation or near hyperinflation, and several currency and financial crises, which, in certain moments, have even spilled over and affected other emerging markets. This has resulted in huge costs in terms of lost potential growth, and, as is inevitable, the markets most affected by this have been the least capable of defending themselves. In a region plagued by still considerable rates of social exclusion, with some of the highest rates of income concentration in the whole globe, the human costs of these crises have been very substantial. Starting in the early 1990s, the slow implementation of reforms, plus the resumption of more sustained growth—to a substantial degree linked to the increase in commodity prices, especially since the early 2000s—seems to have resulted in a more stable situation. Initially, in early reformers like Chile, later in the larger economies of the region, like Brazil and Mexico, a consensus— embraced by both sides of the political spectrum—towards integration in global markets, both in their trade and financial components, floating exchange rates, independent monetary authorities, and sustainable fiscal policies has emerged.
Modern Sliding Mode Control Theory : New Perspectives and Applications
This book is a collection of invited chapters covering several areas of modern sliding mode control theory. The authors identify key contributions defining the theoretical and applicative state of the art of the sliding mode control theory and the most promising trends of the ongoing research activities. The contributions is divided in four main parts: Part I: Basic Theory. Part II: Design Methods. Part III: Observers and Fault Detection. Part IV: Applications.
Mixed Finite Elements, Compatibility Conditions, and Applications : Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy June 26–July 1, 2006
Since the early 70's, mixed finite elements have been the object of a wide and deep study by the mathematical and engineering communities. The fundamental role of this method for many application fields has been worldwide recognized and its use has been introduced in several commercial codes. An important feature of mixed finite elements is the interplay between theory and application. Discretization spaces for mixed schemes require suitable compatibilities, so that simple minded approximations generally do not work and the design of appropriate stabilizations gives rise to challenging mathematical problems.
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery : A Surgical Manual
The second, completely revised and expanded edition of the successful surgical manual on minimally invasive spine surgery includes 51 chapters (including more than 20 new chapters) covering all current minimally invasive techniques in spine surgery. A complete survey of all microsurgical and endoscopic techniques with a special focus on semi-invasive injection techniques for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in low back pain is given. The clear chapter structure with terminology, history, surgical principles, advantages/disadvantages, indications, access principles, complications, and results facilitates navigation through the manual. Topics include the principles of microsurgical and endoscopic treatment, spinal navigation and computer-assisted surgery, minimally invasive reconstruction, fusion, dynamic stabilization in fractures, degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, low back pain and deformities
Medicina fisica e riabilitativa nei disturbi di equilibrio = Physical and rehabilitative medicine in balance disorders
Balance disorders are very common in the population: particularly frequent over the age of 40, are the first motivation for a medical examination after the age of 65 and frequently tend to become chronic. Balance disorders are symptoms of system dysfunction vestibular, complex sensory-psycho-motor system, whose task is that to control the activity of the antigravity muscles to maintain the erect station, of the oculomotor ones to allow the stabilization of the visual field during movement, and the neurovegetative functions they have relationship with standing and movement. Whether the vestibular system provides the information necessary for the check-up of the erect position, the rachis realizes it through a "stability dynamic ", allowed by its structural characteristics proprioception the spine is also a fundamental sensor for controlling balance ; therefore the techniques of physical and rehabilitative medicine and of manual medicine represent a powerful tool for curing ailments equilibrium. This volume comes from the comparison between a physiatrist and an audiologist, who for 15 years have integrated their clinical experience and therefore proposes a new one inter-specialist approach to the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of patients with balance disorders.
Introduction to Mathematical Systems Theory : Linear Systems, Identification and Control
This book provides an introduction to the theory of linear systems and control for students in business mathematics, econometrics, computer science, and engineering. The focus is on discrete time systems, which are the most relevant in business applications, as opposed to continuous time systems, requiring less mathematical preliminaries. The subjects treated are among the central topics of deterministic linear system theory: controllability, observability, realization theory, stability and stabilization by feedback, LQ-optimal control theory. Kalman filtering and LQC-control of stochastic systems are also discussed, as are modeling, time series analysis and model specification, along with model validation.
Handbook of nanoencapsulation : Preparation, characterization, delivery, and safety of nutraceutical nanocomposites
Nutraceutical encapsulation envelopes protection of products from oxidative damage, controlled delivery of nanoencapsulated nutraceuticals and improved nutraceutical bioavailability as well as biological action. It is a promising technique to ensure the stabilization of such labile compounds and to protect the core ingredients from premature reactions and interactions In a comprehensive manner, the Handbook of Nanoencapsulation: Preparation, Characterization, Delivery and Safety of Nutraceutical Nanocomposites presents various nanosystems/nanocarriers, physical and chemical techniques used in encapsulation of various nutraceuticals, and the targeted delivery of various significant nutraceuticals.
Fourier Series in Control Theory
Fourier Series in Control Theory successfully gathers all of the available theory of these "nonharmonic Fourier series" in one place, combining published results with new results, to create a unique source of such material for practicing applied mathematicians, engineers, and other scientific professionals.Starting with an overview of the problems of observability, controllability, and stabilization of linear systems and their interconnections, the text contains complete proofs along with a short, simplified, presentation of some properties of Bessel functions for the convenience of the reader. Only basic knowledge of functional analysis is required.
Finite Elements III : First-Order and Time-Dependent PDEs
Volume III is divided into 28 chapters. The first eight chapters focus on the symmetric positive systems of first-order PDEs called Friedrichs' systems. This part of the book presents a comprehensive and unified treatment of various stabilization techniques from the existing literature. It discusses applications to advection and advection-diffusion equations and various PDEs written in mixed form such as Darcy and Stokes flows and Maxwell's equations. The remainder of Volume III addresses time-dependent problems: parabolic equations (such as the heat equation), evolution equations without coercivity (Stokes flows, Friedrichs' systems), and nonlinear hyperbolic equations (scalar conservation equations, hyperbolic systems). It offers a fresh perspective on the analysis of well-known time-stepping methods. The last five chapters discuss the approximation of hyperbolic equations with finite elements. Here again a new perspective is proposed.
Fast Motions in Biomechanics and Robotics : Optimization and Feedback Control
In the past decades, much progress has been made in the field of walking robots. The current state of technology makes it possible to create humanoid robots that nearly walk like a human being, climb stairs, or avoid small - stacles. However, the dream of a robot running as fast and as elegantly as a human is still far from becoming reality. Control of such fast motions is still a big technological issue in robotics, and the maximum running speed of contemporary robots is still much smaller than that of human track runners. The conventional control approach that most of these robots are based on does not seem to be suitable to increase the running speeds up to a biological level.
Electrostatic Accelerators : Fundamentals and Applications
Electrostatic accelerators are an important and widespread subgroup within the broad spectrum of modern, large particle acceleration devices. They are specifically designed for applications that require high-quality ion beams in terms of energy stability and emittance at comparatively low energies (a few MeV). Their ability to accelerate virtually any kind of ion over a continuously tunable range of energies make them a highly versatile tool for investigations in many research fields including, but not limited to, atomic and nuclear spectroscopy, heavy ion reactions, accelerator mass spectroscopy as well as ion-beam analysis and modification. The book is divided into three parts. The first part concisely introduces the field of accelerator technology and techniques that emphasize their major modern applications. The second part treats the electrostatic accelerator per se: its construction and operational principles as well as its maintenance. The third part covers all relevant applications in which electrostatic accelerators are the preferred tool for accelerator-based investigations. Since some topics are common to all types of accelerators, Electrostatic Accelerators will also be of value those more familiar with other types of accelerators.
Earth Structures : In Transport, Water and Environmental Engineering
This book describes the principles of working with soil as a construction material, including two basic ways of treating it: geosynthetics and stabilization. The book discusses the design logic and ways to control Earth Structures, which differ significantly from other construction materials. Building with Earth involves greater uncertainty and risk, which means that there is a need for better design detailing and improvement in the quality of financial calculations. The general part of the book gives a detailed description of the principles of limit states according to Eurocode 7, after which geotechnical design is also described. Subsequent chapters concentrate on earth structures for transport, water, and environmental projects. The chapter on Earth Structures in transport engineering presents detailed coverage of limit states of stability and deformation. Earth Structures in water engineering prioritizes the limit state of internal erosion. Earth Structures in environmental engineering describes new designs, in which part of the structure is created from non-standard materials which are usually susceptible to internal collapse, double porosity, unsaturation, etc. It also focuses on protecting the surrounding environment from contamination.
Earth reinforcement and soil structures
Provides a comprehensive explanation and illustration of earth reinforcement and soil structures, from the viewpoint of practising engineers involved in design and construction. This edition has been updated to reflect the latest changes in theory, materials and practice.
Control of Turbulent and Magnetohydrodynamic Channel Flows : Boundary Stabilization and State Estimation
This monograph presents new constructive design methods for boundary stabilization and boundary estimation for several classes of benchmark problems in flow control, with potential applications to turbulence control, weather forecasting, and plasma control. The basis of the approach used in the work is the recently developed continuous backstepping method for parabolic partial differential equations, expanding the applicability of boundary controllers for flow systems from low Reynolds numbers to high Reynolds number conditions. Efforts in flow control over the last few years have led to a wide range of developments in many different directions, but most implementable developments thus far have been obtained using discretized versions of the plant models and finite-dimensional control techniques. In contrast, the design methods examined in this book are based on the “continuum” version of the backstepping approach, applied to the PDE model of the flow.
Control of Singular Systems with Abrupt Changes
In this book many problems like stochastic stability, stochastic stabilization using state feedback control and static output control, Hinfinity control, filtering, guaranteed cost control and mixed H2/Hinfinity control and their robustness are tackled.
Control and Estimation of Systems with Input/Output Delays
Time delays exist in many engineering systems such as transportation, communication, process engineering and networked control systems. This monograph presents simple analytical solutions to control and estimation problems for systems with multiple i/o delays via elementary tools such as projection.
Column Generation
Column Generation is an insightful overview of the state of the art in integer programming column generation and its many applications. The volume begins with "A Primer in Column Generation" which outlines the theory and ideas necessary to solve large-scale practical problems, illustrated with a variety of examples. Other chapters follow this introduction on "Shortest Path Problems with Resource Constraints," "Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window," "Branch-and-Price Heuristics," "Cutting Stock Problems," each dealing with methodological aspects of the field. Three chapters deal with transportation applications: "Large-scale Models in the Airline Industry," "Robust Inventory Ship Routing by Column Generation," and "Ship Scheduling with Recurring Visits and Visit Separation Requirements." Production is the focus of another three chapters: "Combining Column Generation and Lagrangian Relaxation," "Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition for Job Shop Scheduling," and "Applying Column Generation to Machine Scheduling." The final chapter by François Vanderbeck, "Implementing Mixed Integer Column Generation," reviews how to set-up the Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation, adapt standard MIP techniques to the column generation context (branching, preprocessing, primal heuristics), and deal with specific column generation issues (initialization, stabilization, column management strategies).
Mathematical Methods in Robust Control of Linear Stochastic Systems
Linear stochastic systems are successfully used to provide mathematical models for real processes in fields such as aerospace engineering, communications, manufacturing, finance and economy. This monograph presents a useful methodology for the control of such stochastic systems with a focus on robust stabilization in the mean square, linear quadratic control, the disturbance attenuation problem, and robust stabilization with respect to dynamic and parametric uncertainty.
Mathematical Control Theory : An Introduction
Mathematical Control Theory: An Introduction presents, in a mathematically precise manner, a unified introduction to deterministic control theory. With the exception of a few more advanced concepts required for the final part of the book, the presentation requires only a knowledge of basic facts from linear algebra, differential equations, and calculus. In addition to classical concepts and ideas, the author covers the stabilization of nonlinear systems using topological methods, realization theory for nonlinear systems, impulsive control and positive systems, the control of rigid bodies, the stabilization of infinite dimensional systems, and the solution of minimum energy problems.
