الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
One-Dimensional Nanostructures
One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, including nanowires, nanotubes and quantum wires, have been regarded as the most promising building blocks for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Worldwide efforts in both the theory and the experimental investigation of growth, characterization and applications of 1D nanostructures have resulted in a mature, multidisciplinary field. In this book, a wealth of state-of-the-art information offers the opportunity to uncover the underlying science from diverse perspectives. Leading researchers elucidate the synthesis and properties of 1D nanostructures for various morphologies and compositions (semiconductor, metal, carbon, etc.) as well as their considerable impact on spintronics, information storage, and the design of field-effect transistors.
Ocean Weather Forecasting : An Integrated View of Oceanography
This volume covers a wide range of topics and summarizes our present knowledge in ocean modeling, ocean observing systems, and data assimilation.
Ocean Waves Breaking and Marine Aerosol Fluxes
This book presents a comprehensive study on the breaking of surface waves induced by wind and the relationship of breaking rate with marine aerosol fluxes. The book draws attention to the theoretical and experimental achievements in the study of wave breaking phenomena in deep water seas. In particular, it deals with the important problems of energy dissipation and the estimation of energy loss due to wave breaking in deep waters. The rationale behind existing methods and practical outcomes for the estimation of whitecap coverage of the sea surface and energy dissipation rate are given in detail.The book also focuses on the fundamentals of marine aerosols and their generation. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the currently available experimental data on marine aerosol fluxes and presents theoretical methodology of the estimation of the intensity of sea aerosol production. The systematic analysis leads to a novel approach in the development of links between aerosol production with sea state parameters and its seasonal variation in deep water seas.
Ocean Wave Energy : Current Status and Future Prespectives
The authors of this reference provide an updated and global view on ocean wave energy conversion for wave energy developers as well as for students and professors. The book is orientated to the practical solutions that this new industry has found so far and the problems that any device needs to face. It describes the actual principles applied to machines that convert wave power in electricity. Additionally, an historical review, state of the art of modern systems, a full scale prototype experience, and future perspectives are given.
Objective information theory
Objective Information Theory (OIT) is proposed to represent and compute the information in a large-scale complex information system with big data in this monograph. To formally analyze, design, develop, and evaluate the information, OIT interprets the information from essential nature, measures the information from mathematical properties, and models the information from concept, logic, and physic. As the exemplified applications, Air Traffic Control System (ATCS) and Smart Court SoSs (System of Systems) are introduced for practical OITs.
Nutrient Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems
The first part of the book presents the fundamentals of nutrient cycling. Topics included are cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and micronutrients. The second part discusses nutrient cycling at an ecosystem scale, covering cropping systems, pastures, natural grasslands, arid lands, tundras and forests. The final chapter reviews current models of nutrient cycling.
Numerical Methods and Applications ; 6th International Conference, NMA 2006, Borovets, Bulgaria, August 20-24, 2006, Revised Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Numerical Methods and Applications, NMA 2006. The papers are organized in topical sections on numerical methods for hyperbolic problems, robust preconditioning solution methods, Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo for diverse applications, metaheuristics for optimization problems, uncertain/control systems and reliable numerics, interpolation and quadrature processes, large-scale computations in environmental modelling, and contributed talks.
Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ; Proceedings of ENUMATH 2005 the 6th European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, July 2005
This book include applications such as atmosphere and ocean, water pollution, electromagnetism, interface problems, waves, finance, heat transfer, unbounded domains, numerical linear algebra, convection-diffusion, fluid-structure, plates, solids, hyperbolic equations, multiphase flow, Navier-Stokes, singular perturbation problems, non linear PDE, control, parabolic equations, as well as methodologies such as a posteriori error estimates, discontinuous Galerkin methods, multiscale methods, optimization, adaptive methods, domain decomposition techniques, exponential integrators, hp-finite elements, level set methods, fractional step methods, penalty procedures, and finite volumes. The book gives an extensive overview of the most recent research in scientific computing, providing to the reader the latest developments concerning the mathematical issues and the applications of this active field of science.
Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Soil
With millions of different bacterial species living in soil, the microbial community is extremely complex, varying at very small scales. Microbe-driven functions are essential for most processes in soil. Thus, a better understanding of this microbial diversity will be invaluable for the management of the various soil functions. Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Soil combines traditional approaches in soil microbiology and biochemistry with the latest techniques in molecular microbial ecology. Included are methods to analyse the presence and importance of nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside microbial cells, the horizontal gene transfer which drives bacterial diversity, as well as soil proteomes. Further chapters describe techniques such as PCR, fingerprinting, the challenging use of gene arrays for structural and functional analysis, stable isotope probing to identify in situ metabolic functions, and the use of marker and reporter genes in soil microbial ecology.
Nuclear pre-mRNA Processing in Plants
In recent years nuclear pre-mRNA processing has taken center stage as an important regulator of gene expression and ultimately growth and development. Large-scale genome and cDNA sequencing projects together with bioinformatic analyses of these sequences have revealed that alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs contributes greatly to transcriptome and proteome complexity in eukaryotes. During the last few years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding various aspects of pre-mRNA processing including alternative splicing and its importance in plant growth and development as well as in plant responses to hormones and stresses. This book, with contributions from leading scientists in this area, summarizes recent advances in nuclear pre-mRNA processing in plants. It provides researchers in the field, as well as those in related areas, with an up-to-date and comprehensive, yet concise, overview of the current status and future potential of this research in understanding plant biology.
Novel Optical Resolution Technologies
After theend ofthe 20th century, the science ofcrystallizationreached a truly exciting stage where new opportunities emerged in both theory and expe- ment. Variousphysical methodsare capable of resolving the surface as wellas the insid estructure of crystalsat the atomiclevel while newhigh-performance computing resourcesafford thecapability of modeling the complexlarge-scale alignments necessary to simulatecrystallizationinrealsystems. Asaresult, the science of crystallization has shifted gradually fromstatic to dynamic science and considerable progress now underlies the complex but beautiful cryst- lization process.The vastpotential ofcrystallizationasan- portant feld ofscience isfar beyondthesimple technologyofpharmaceutical industries during the 20th century.
Nonlinear Time Series Analysis in the Geosciences : Applications in Climatology, Geodynamics and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
This book presents recent developments in nonlinear time series which have been motivated by present day problems in geosciences. Modern methods of spatio-temporal data analysis, time-frequency analysis, dimension analysis, nonlinear correlation and synchronization analysis and other nonlinear concepts are used to study emerging questions in climatology, geophysics, solar-terrestrial physics and related scientific disciplines. This volume collects contributions of some of the world's leading experts in geoscientific time series analysis.
Nonlinear Physical Oceanography : A Dynamical Systems Approach to the Large Scale Ocean Circulation and El Niño
Taken from a review of the first edition in SIAM:"This text is different from most others in that it combines several different disciplines and draws on many scientific studies in order to deduce mechanisms of ocean circulation.
Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences
Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences is comprised of the proceedings of "20 Years of Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences", held June 11-16, 2006 in Rhodes, Greece as part of the Aegean Conferences. The volume brings together the most up-to-date research from the atmospheric sciences, hydrology, geology, and other areas of geosciences, and discusses the advances made in the last two decades and the future directions of nonlinear dynamics. Topics covered include predictability, ensemble prediction, nonlinear prediction, nonlinear time series analysis, low-dimensional chaos, nonlinear modeling, fractals and multifractals, bifurcation, complex networks, self-organized criticality, extreme events, and other aspects of nonlinear science.
Nonlinear dynamics in complex systems via fractals and fractional calculus
Current advances in the knowledge of nonlinear dynamical networks, systems and processes, as well as their unified repercussions, allow us to include some typical complex natural phenomena, from the nanoscale to an extra-galactic scale, in an unitarian comprehensive manner. In other words, the physical, biological and financial data, as well as technological ones (mechanical or electronic devices), of complex systems available today can be managed by the same unique conceptual approach, both analytically and through a computer simulation, using effective nonlinear dynamics procedures. This volume collected some important advances in the fields of fractal curves, fractal analysis and fractional calculus, as well as new solutions of fractal differential equations.
Nonlinear Dielectric Phenomena in Complex Liquids
Complex liquids constitute a basic element in modern materials science; their significant features include self-assembly, mesoscale structures, complex dynamics, unusual phases and enormous sensitivity to perturbations. Understanding their nature and properties are a great challenge to modern materials science that demands novel approaches. This book focuses on nonlinear dielectric phenomena, particularly on nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NDS), which may be considered a possible successor to broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). NDS phenomena directly coupled to mesoscale heterogeneity fluctuations, so information obtained in this way is basically complementary to BDS tests. The book also discusses the application of NDS in a set of complex liquid systems: glassy liquids, liquid crystals, liquids with critical point phenomena, and bio-relevant liquids. The complementary application of NDS and BDS may allow the discovery of universal patterns for the whole category of complex liquids. Written by specialists in the field of nonlinear dielectric studies, theoreticians and experimentalists, ranging from solid state physics to biophysics, the book is organized so that it can serve as a basic textbook for a non-experienced reader.
Non-Formal Education : Flexible Schooling or Participatory Education?
This is the first full study of non-formal education on an international scale since the 1980s. The book describes the emergence of the concept in the context of development and educational reform. It traces the debate about non-formal education from its origins in 1968 to the mid 1980s, and looks at the issues that this debate raised. It then describes a number of programmes in different parts of the world which call themselves ‘non-formal’, pointing out the wide range of different views about what is and what is not non-formal. Rogers asks whether we should drop the term altogether or try to reconceptualise it in terms of flexible schooling or participatory education.
Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors ; Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, July 25-29, 2005, Chicago, USA
International experts gather every two years at this established conference to discuss recent developments in theory and experiment in non-equilibrium transport phenomena. These developments have been the driving force behind the spectacular advances in semiconductor physics and devices over the last few decades. Originally known as "Hot Carriers in Semiconductors," the 14th conference in the series covered a wide spectrum of traditional topics dealing with non-equilibrium phenomena, ranging from quantum transport to optical phenomena in mesoscopic and nano-scale structures. Particular attention was given this time to emerging areas of this rapidly evolving field, with many sessions covering terahertz devices, high field transport in nitride semiconductors, spintronics, molecular electronics, and bioelectronics applications.
Noise-Induced Phenomena in Slow-Fast Dynamical Systems : A Sample-Paths Approach
Stochastic differential equations play an increasingly important role in modeling the dynamics of a large variety of systems in the natural sciences, and in technological applications. This book presents a new constructive approach to the quantitative description of solutions to systems of stochastic differential equations evolving on well-separated timescales. The method, which combines techniques from stochastic analysis and singular perturbation theory, allows the domains of concentration for typical sample paths to be determined, and provides precise estimates on the transition probabilities between these domains. In addition to the detailed presentation of the set-up and mathematical results, applications to problems in physics, biology, and climatology are discussed. The emphasis lies on noise-induced phenomena such as stochastic resonance, hysteresis, excitability, and the reduction of bifurcation delay.
New Tools of Economic Dynamics
New Tools of Economic Dynamics gives an introduction and overview of recently developed methods and tools, most of them developed outside economics, to deal with the qualitative analysis of economic dynamics. It reports the results of a three-year research project by a European and Latin American network on the intersection of economics with mathematical, statistical, and computational methods and techniques. Focusing upon the evolution and manifold structure of complex dynamic phenomena, the book reviews and shows applications of a variety of tools, such as symbolic and coded dynamics, interacting agents models, microsimulation in econometrics, large-scale system analysis, and dynamical systems theory. It shows the potential of a comprehensive analysis of growth, fluctuations, and structural change along the lines indicated by pioneers like Harrod, Haavelmo, Hicks, Goodwin, Morishima, and it highlights the explanatory power of the qualitative approach they initiated.
