الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Mathematical Models of Distribution Channels
In Chapters 1 and 2 the authors provide an introduction to the current, analytical literature on distribution channels, and they present an intuitively appealing prologue to the Channel Myths that are developed rigorously in later Chapters. In Chapters 3, 4, and 10 they extend the literature by ascertaining the relationship between the manufacturer-optimal wholesale-price strategy and channel breadth. Specific analyses include multiple, non-competing retailers, multiple states-of-nature, and multiple, competing retailers. In Chapters 5-7 the authors determine the profitability of various wholesale-price strategies; this analysis culminates in Chapters 8 and 9 with the determination of the (very limited) conditions under which channel coordination can be optimal for the manufacturer. In Chapter 11 they prove that existing methods of measuring the effect of a change in the degree of inter-retailer substitutability are totally misleading. They then develop an original, theoretical basis for measuring the impact of a change in the degree of inter-retailer substitutability that yields insightful, intuitively appealing results. In Chapter 12 the authors set forth an agenda for future research based on a meta-model that embraces all existing models in the literature. They also issue an appeal for creation of a "Unifying Theory of Distribution Channels" that will enable researchers to work independently and yet to contribute toward the common goal of deepening the marketing science professions’ understanding of distribution channels.
Foundations and applications of MIS : A model theory approach
Foundations and Applications of MIS presents a unique systems theory approach to management information system (MIS) development. The development is driven by the need to eliminate ambiguity in specification, design and construction of the application software. Further, the authors show that the considerable effort being expanded nowadays on validation, verification and testing, as required in current software engineering practices, will be reduced. The approach also reinforces the belief that MIS development is independent of software development. The work presents an approach that provides a theoretical foundation for MIS development from the systems theoretic viewpoint along with practical applications ranging from a transaction processing system to a solver system. Both formal systems theory and automatic system generation based on the authors' newly extended Prolog offer a significant increase in the efficiency of specification, design and production of the application software, as well as an increase in the functional reliability of the software produced. The book assumes a working knowledge of elementary set theory, logic, and familiarity with some systems concepts, such as the automaton model.
Fibonacci’s de practica geometrie = Fibonacci’s practice geometry
Practical Geometry is the name of the craft for medieval landmeasurers, otherwise known as surveyors in modern times. Fibonacci wrote De practica geometrie for these artisans, a fitting complement to Liber abbaci. He had been at work on the geometry project for some time when a friend encouraged him to complete the task, which he did, going beyond the merely practical, as he remarked, "Some parts are presented according to geometric demonstrations, other parts in dimensions after a lay fashion, with which they wish to engage according to the more common practice."
ECOOP’ 87 European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming ; Paris, France, June 15-17, 1987. Proceedings
In October 1983 an informal meeting was organized in Le Cap d'Agde with the help of the BIGRE bulletin. Sixty people turned out to hear more than ten presentations on object-oriented programming. More important was their unanimous demand for other, more structured encounters. So, about one year later, the Object group was created by AFCET.
Computational intelligence based on lattice theory
The emergence of lattice theory within the field of computational intelligence (CI) is partially due to its proven effectiveness in neural computation. Moreover, lattice theory has the potential to unify a number of diverse concepts and aid in the cross-fertilization of both tools and ideas within the numerous subfields of CI. The compilation of this eighteen-chapter book is an initiative towards proliferating established knowledge in the hope to further expand it. This edited book is a balanced synthesis of four parts emphasizing, in turn, neural computation, mathematical morphology, machine learning, and (fuzzy) inference/logic. The articles here demonstrate how lattice theory may suggest viable alternatives in practical clustering, classification, pattern analysis, and regression applications.
Logical Foundations for Rule-Based Systems
Presents logical foundations for rule-based systems, as seen by the Author. An attempt has been made to provide an in-depth discussion of logical and other aspects of such systems, including languages for knowledge representation, inference mechanisms, inference control, design and verification.
Logic Programming with Prolog
Logic Programming is the name given to a distinctive style of programming, very different from that of conventional programming languages such as C++ and Java. By far the most widely used Logic Programming language is Prolog. Prolog is a good choice for developing complex applications, especially in the field of Artificial Intelligence. This book does not assume that the reader is an experienced programmer or has a background in Mathematics, Logic or Artificial Intelligence. It starts from scratch and aims to arrive at the point where quite powerful programs can be written in the language. It is intended both as a textbook for an introductory course and as a self-study book. On completion the reader will know enough to use Prolog in their own research or practical projects. Each chapter has self-assessment exercises so that the reader may check their own progress. A glossary of the technical terms used completes the book.
Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation ; Vol. 3901 ; 15th International Symposium, LOPSTR 2005, London, UK, September 7-9, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation, LOPSTR 2005, held in September 2005. The papers are organized in topical sections on tools for program development, program transformations, and software development and program analysis.
Light Sensing in Plants
Presents overviews of and the latest findings in many of the interconnected aspects of plant photomorphogenesis, including photoreceptors (phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins), signal transduction, photoperiodism, and circadian rhythms, in 42 chapters. Also included, is a prologue by Prof. Masaki Furuya that gives an overview of the historical background.
Leonhard Euler
Euler was not only by far the most productive mathematician in the history of mankind, but also one of the greatest scholars of all time. He attained, like only a few scholars, a degree of popularity and fame which may well be compared with that of Galilei, Newton, or Einstei .This book is based in part on unpublished sources and comes right out of the current research on Euler. It is entirely free of formulae as it has been written for a broad audience with interests in the history of culture and science.
Applications of declarative programming and knowledge management ; 15th international conference on applications of declarative programming and knowledge management, INAP 2004, and 18th workshop on logic programming, WLP 2004, Potsdam, Germany, March 4-6, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Applications of Declarative Programming and Knowledge M- agement, INAP 2004, and the 18th Workshop on Logic Programming, WLP 2004, Declarative programming is an advanced paradigm for the modeling and solving of complex problems. This speci?cation method has become more and more attractive in recent years, Thetopicsoftheselectedpapersofthisyear’sjointconferenceconcentrateon three currently important ?elds: knowledge management and decision support, constraint programming and constraint solving, and declarative programming and Web-based systems.
An Introduction to Language Processing with Perl and Prolog : An Outline of Theories, Implementation, and Application with Special Consideration of English, French, and German
This book teaches the principles of natural language processing, first covering linguistics issues such as encoding, entropy, and annotation schemes; defining words, tokens and parts of speech; and morphology. It then details the language-processing functions involved, including part-of-speech tagging using rules and stochastic techniques; using Prolog to write phase-structure grammars; parsing techniques and syntactic formalisms; semantics, predicate logic and lexical semantics; and analysis of discourse, and applications in dialog systems. The key feature of the book is the author's hands-on approach throughout, with extensive exercises, sample code in Prolog and Perl, and a detailed introduction to Prolog. The reader is supported with a companion website that contains teaching slides, programs, and additional material.
