الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Ocean-atmosphere interactions of gases and particles
The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts.
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols ; 17th International Conference, Galway, Ireland, 2007
Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere: they form the seeds for cloud droplets and they form haze layers, blocking out incoming radiation and contributing to a partial cooling of our climate. They also contribute to poor air quality and health impacts. This book brings together the leading experts from the nucleation and atmospheric aerosols research communities to present the current state-of-the-art knowledge in these related fields.
Nuclear Fission and Cluster Radioactivity : An Energy-Density Functional Approach
It is the first application to nuclear physics from energy-density functional method, for which Professor Walter Kohn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The book presents a comprehensive extension of the Bohr-Wheeler theory with the present knowledge of nuclear density distribution function.
Nuclear Condensed Matter Physics with Synchrotron : Basic Principles, Methodology and Applications
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the growing field of nuclear condensed matter physics with synchrotron radiation, a technique which finds numerous applications in fields such as magnetism, physics of surfaces and interfaces, lattice dynamics and more. Due to the enormous brilliance of modern synchrotron radiation sources, the method is particularly suited for the investigation of low-dimensional structures such as thin films and nanoparticles. The use of isotopic probe layers, for example, allows one to determine magnetic and vibrational properties with very high spatial resolution; focusing techniques and x-ray interference effects lead to a very high sensitivity for smallest amounts of material. The book is written on an introductory level with many examples employed to illustrate the special experimental possibilities.
Novel NMR and EPR Techniques
This book delivers a survey of recent research in the fields of condensed matter physics and chemistry based on novel NMR and ESR techniques. Applications include quantum computing, metal nanoparticles, low dimensional magnets, fullerenes as atomic cages, superconductors, porous media, and laser assisted studies. The book is dedicated to Professor Robert Blinc, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, in appreciation of his remarkable scientific accomplishments in the NMR of condensed matter.
Novel Carrier Systems for Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery
Presents novel carrier systems for the targeted and controlled drug delivery for the treatment of various diseases which are difficult to be treated with conventional drug delivery systems like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and emerging infectious diseases. It also reviews the origins and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer systems and polymer therapeutics such as polymer-protein and polymer-drug conjugates. The book also explores the potential applications of the parenteral route of administration for the delivery of active pharmaceutical substances with a narrow therapeutic index and poor bioavailability. Further, the book presents common routes of administration for the systemic delivery of peptides and proteins. It also examines the applications of various implantable systems in drug delivery. The book also covers the important colloidal drug delivery systems, including liposomes and niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.
Non-Linear Optical Properties of Matte : From molecules to condensed phases
Non-Linear Optical Properties of Matter: From Molecules to Condensed Phases attempts to draw together both theory and application in this field. As such it will be of interest to both experimentalists and theoreticians alike. Divided into two parts, Part 1 is concerned with the theory and computing of non-linear optical (NLO) properties while Part 2 reviews the latest developments in experimentation.This book will be invaluable to researchers and students in academia and industry. It will be of particular interest to anyone involved in materials science, theoretical and computational chemistry, chemical physics, and molecular physics.
Non-Linear Dynamics and Fundamental Interactions
This volume contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Institute on "Non-Linear Dynamics and Fundamental Interactions" held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, from Oct.10-16,2004. The main objective of the Workshop was to bring together people working in areas of Fundamental physics relating to Quantum Field Theory, Finite Temperature Field theory and their applications to problems in particle physics, phase transitions and overlap regions with the areas of Quantum Chaos. The other important area is related to aspects of Non-Linear Dynamics which has been considered with the topic of chaology. The applications of such techniques are to mesoscopic systems, nanostructures, quantum information, particle physics and cosmology. All this forms a very rich area to review critically and then find aspects that still need careful consideration with possible new developments to find appropriate solutions.
NMR-MRI, µSR and Mössbauer Spectroscopies in Molecular Magnets and magnetic nanoparticles
In this book an extensive overview on the results obtained during the last decade and on recent achievements in the study of molecular magnets by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Muon Spin Rotation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Mossbauer techniques is presented. The aim is to introduce the reader to these techniques and to give a general background on their application to molecular spin systems.
New Technologies in Radiation Oncology
This book provides an overview of recent advances in radiation oncology, many of which have originated from physics and engineering sciences. After an introductory section on basic aspects of 3D medical imaging, the role of 3D imaging in the context of radiotherapy is explored in a series of chapters on the various modern imaging techniques. A further major section addresses 3D treatment planning for conformal radiotherapy, with consideration of both external radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Subsequently the modern techniques of 3D conformal radiotherapy are described, including stereotactic radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided and adaptive radiotherapy, and radiotherapy with charged particles. More clinically oriented chapters explore the use of brachytherapy in patients with prostate cancer, cardiovascular disorders and breast cancer. The book concludes with a section on quality assurance.
Neutron Stars 1 : Equation of State and Structure
The book gives an extended review of theoretical and observational aspects of neutron star physics. With masses comparable to that of the Sun and radii of about ten kilometres, neutron stars are the densest stars in the Universe. This book describes all layers of neutron stars, from the surface to the core, with the emphasis on their structure and equation of state.
Neutrinos and Explosive Events in the Universe
“Neutrinos and Explosive Events in the Universe” brought together experts from diverse disciplines to offer a detailed view of the exciting new work in this part of High Energy Astrophysics. Sponsored by NATO as an Advanced Study Institute, and coordinated under the auspices of the International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics (14th biennial course), the ASI featured a full program of lectures and discussion in the ambiance of the Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Italy, including visits to the local Dirac and Chalonge museum collections as well as a view of the cultural heritage of southern Sicily. Enri- ment presentations on results from the Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope and the Origin of Complexity complemented the program. This course was the best attended in the almost 30 year history of the School with 121 participants from 22 countries. The program provided a rich ex- rience, both introductory and advanced, to fascinating areas of observational Astrophysics Neutrino Astronomy, High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy, P- ticle Astrophysics and the objects most likely responsible for the signals - plosions and related phenomena, ranging from Supernovae to Black Holes to the Big Bang. Contained in this NATO Science Series volume is a summative formulation of the physics and astrophysics of this newly emerging research area that already has been, and will continue to be, an important contributor to understanding our high energy universe.
Neuroprotection : Method and protocols
Contains cutting-edge molecular biology methods on neuroprotective mechanisms and specific preclinical models of the CNS injury, iseases and planning translation. Chapters guide readers through neuropathology, neuroprotection, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, Huntington’s disease , multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic brain injury. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
Provides a fundamental overview of natural polysaccharides, their sources, extraction methodologies, and characterizations. It covers specific natural polysaccharides and their effective application in drug delivery and biomedical use. Additionally, chapters in the book discuss key topics including the sources and extraction methodologies of natural polysaccharides, their role in tissue engineering applications, polysaccharide-based nanoparticles in biomedical applications, and their role in the delivery of anticancer drugs. Written by industry leaders and edited by experts, this book emphasizes recent advances made in the field.Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications provides academics, researchers, and pharmaceutical health care professionals with a comprehensive book on polysaccharides in pharmaceutical delivery process.
Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon
This book provides an up-to-date summary of the state of knowledge on natural fullerenes occurrences and the laboratory techniques used to determine their presence at low concentration in rock samples. It demonstrates that natural fullerenes exist and should be searched for in places not yet considered such as carbon-containing deep-seated crustal rocks.Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon is written for professional astronomers, meteoriticists, earth and planetary scientists, biologists and chemists interested in carbon and hydrocarbon vapor condensation. It is an invaluable resource for practicing research scientists and science teachers in Earth and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Carbon Science.
Nanotechnology in therapeutics : Basics and trends
Nanotechnology delivers a unique approach, which promises higher drug efficacy, targeted drug delivery, on demand delivery, biocompatibility, etc. For example, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can protect drugs from degradation and help reduce the number of doses required, make treatment a better experience and reduce treatment expenses and a number of nano-based systems allow delivery of insoluble drugs, allowing the use of previously rejected drugs or drugs which are difficult to administer.
Nanotechnology in endodontics : Current and potential clinical applications
Provides detailed information on the emerging applications of nanomaterials and nanoparticles within endodontics, highlighting the exciting potential clinical impact of nanotechnology in the field. The range of applications covered is diverse, encompassing drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, antibacterial strategies, dentin tissue stabilization, dentin pulp regeneration and use in restorative and endodontic materials. Important scientific background information relating to each application is provided, with clear coverage of basic principles. In addition, potential pitfalls are identified and explained. The cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and nanoparticles is also addressed in a separate chapter. The book will be of value both for endodontic practitioners and for all scientists and graduate students who are interested in the application of nanotechnology in endodontics.
Nanotechnology based cosmetics
Explores the applications and advantages of nanotechnology-based cosmetic products compared to conventional formulations. It examines the principles and mechanisms of nanotechnology in enhancing cosmetic product efficacy, delivery, and performance. Key applications covered include nanoparticles for sunscreens, nanoencapsulation for controlled release, nanoemulsions, liposomes for targeted delivery, and antimicrobial nanoparticles. Analyzes case studies from major international cosmetic companies utilizing nanotechnology. It also discusses challenges like safety concerns, potential toxicity, regulations, labeling, consumer awareness, and environmental impact.
Nanotechnology applied To pharmaceutical technology
Focuses on devising innovative nanopharmaceutical products and solutions to treat such diseases as cancer, infections, eye diseases, and in tackling multi-drug resistance threats. Nanotechnology Applied to Pharmaceutical Technology consists of four sections that include coverage of biosynthesis of nanoparticles, nano-material based formulations and toxicity, and safety issues.
Nanotechnology and drug delivery : Principles and applications
Presents an overview of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology applications in drug delivery systems and covers a variety of technologies and materials that help in achieving vast variation in the particle size needed in technology and drug delivery-based research. It discusses nanotechnology’s use in healthcare for the development of target-specific drug therapy and smart field systems and in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the quality, efficacy, and shelf life of medicines. Bringing together principles, theory, practice, and applications of nanotechnology.
