الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Innovation, Networks, and Knowledge Spillovers : Selected Essays
The volume is in three parts. The first part demonstrates that the processes of innovation and technological change are spatially differentiated, both regionally within countries and internationally between countries. The second part broadens, both conceptually and empirically, our understanding of the innovation process and the process of network formation, by examining the increasing importance of knowledge creation and diffusion in the new economy and how this is changing the nature of firms in crucial ways. Particular focus is laid on identifying the growing pressures for firms to develop more inter- and intrafirm networks and on providing lucid illustrations of these different kinds of networks. The third part discusses key issues related to the systems of innovation approach as a conceptual framework for regional innovation analysis and directs attention to enlightening conceptual and empirical work on the issue how knowledge spills over locally.
Innovation Policy in a Knowledge-Based Economy : Theory and Practice
Why Analyze Innovation Policies From a Knowledge- Based Perspective? It is broadly accepted that we have moved (or are moving) to a knowled- based economy, characterized at least by two main features: that knowl edge is a major factor in economic growth, and innovation processes are systemic by nature. It is not surprising that this change in the economic paradigm requires new analytical foundations for innovation policies. One of the purposes of this book is to make suggestions as to what they should include. Underpinning all the chapters in this book is a conviction of the impor tance of dynamic and systemic approaches to innovation policy. Nelson and Arrow saw innovation and the creation of new knowl edge as the emergence and the diffusion of new information, characterized essentially as a public good. The more recent theoretical literature regarded the rationale for innovation policies as being to provide solutions to "mar ket failures". Today, however, knowledge is seen as multidimensional (tacit vs. codified) and open to interpretation. Acknowledging that the creation, coordination and diffusion of knowledge are dynamic and cumu lative processes, and that innovation processes result from the coordination of distributed knowledge, renders the "market failure" view of innovation policies obsolete. Innovation policies must be systemic and dynamic
Innovation Management
Not solely covering new products, Innovation Management focuses on new services and new business models; in doing so, it provides an introduction to new business development. The book follows the logic of the innovation process, from idea development via selection to implementation, and discusses these topics both on the level of the company and individual projects. Its content is evidence-based, but with many practical examples.
Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 2 : Special Themes
Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 2 is the second of the two volumes that comprise this book. The main objectives across both volumes are to study the innovation processes in todays information and knowledge society; to analyze how links between research and business have intensified; and to discuss the methods by which innovation emerges and is managed by firms, not only from a local perspective but also a global one.
Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 1 : Main Themes
Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 1 is the first of the two volumes that comprise this book. The main objectives across both volumes are to study the innovation processes in todays information and knowledge society; to analyze how links between research and business have intensified; and to discuss the methods by which innovation emerges and is managed by firms, not only from a local perspective but also a global one.
Hazardous Chemicals in Products and Processes : Substitution as an Innovative Process
ubstitution of hazardous substances is a prioritised objective in chemical regulation and risk management. However, it is experienced as a tough task with often inconsistent results. Based on thirteen case studies, this book analyzes substitution as an innovation process and attempts to give answers to the following questions: Why and under which circumstances are companies able and willing to substitute hazardous substances? What are the main drivers and the main barriers? In which way can communication along the supply chain support environmental innovation? How can risk management appropriately deal with the lack of knowledge, with uncertainties and incomplete knowledge about the possible effects of different substances?
Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms : Learning from the TLIII project Experiences in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
This book shares the experiences of Tropical Legumes III (TLIII) project in facilitating access to seed of improved legume varieties to smallholder farmers through innovation platforms. It highlights practices and guiding principles implemented in eight developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This book details key processes that respective teams employed to create an innovation space that delivers seed, other inputs, knowledge and financial services to agricultural communities and most importantly, the underserved farmers in remote areas of the drylands
Designing Organizations : 21st Century Approaches
The design of organizations has been an ongoing concern of management theory and practice over the past several decades. Over this time, there has been little change in the fundamental theory, principles and concepts of Organization Design (OD). Recently organizational life has changed dramatically with the advent of: new communication systems, adaptive mechanisms, information technology, knowledge management systems, innovation processes and more. This book systemically examines these developments and their impact on OD with contributions from leading scholars in the area. Also featured in the book are the practical issues with implementing OD in organizations. The individual chapters are organized into five sections: (1) Putting Contingency Theory in its Place, (2) Focus on Individuals Who Make up the Organization, (3) Innovation Processes and Organization Design, (4) Adaptation and Technology, and (5) Design for Performance. Each chapter examines aspects of the book’s threefold theme: (1) core issues in organization design, (2) emerging theoretical perspectives in OD, and (3) new developments and directions in OD. A special feature of each chapter is: 1) implications for theory, and 2) implications for practice.
Customer Integration in Industrial Innovation Projects
The development of product innovations is permanently challenged by the customers’ rapidly evolving demand for new products and technologies. New approaches for integrating customers into the product innovation process are required and have been exemplified in a software engineering context by Extreme Programming. Patricia Sandmeier demonstrates how a transfer of elements from Extreme Programming to the development practice of industrial products can improve customer integration activities and the innovativeness of the resulting new products. Based on an in-depth case study analysis of two industrial firms and two technical service firms she presents a conceptual model for the integration of customer contributions into the product innovation process. Finally, the author proposes a product innovation process based on discrete product development steps as well as a ‘customer-centered innovation cell’ enabling the development of truly innovative product solutions together with customers.
Managing innovation in organisations : ostering an entrepreneurial approach
Explores how organisations need to manage their innovation processes in order to compete in the global marketplace. Innovation is essential to the ongoing competitiveness of organisations but can be difficult to capture and disseminate. This book states that there needs to be guidelines about how to manage innovation in an organisational context. This includes focusing on different types of innovation from incremental to radical. This book will focus on ways to manage innovation from incorporating it into organisational practices to implementing it into beneficial partnerships.
Managing Innovation and Standards : A Case in the European Heating Industry
This book provides an in-depth study of the management of standards and regulation in sustainable and radical innovation development. It considers the case of micro Combined Heat and Power (mCHP) technology. The developers of this radical innovation in the European heating sector encountered major conflicts when attempting to create or adapt standards when bringing the technology to market. Utilising rich research data and interviews with key actors, the author uses this case to derive a grounded theory on the management of standards and regulation during an innovation process. The results also have important implications for innovators, which are reflected in clear advice for practice.
Business Ethics of Innovation
Firms that operate in a market economy often depend upon innovations in order to achieve competitive advantages that sustainably secure their survival. Business ethics is thus largely concerned with questions about the decisional freedoms involved in innovation processes. Innovations oftentimes raise novel questions about the role of the state or the structure of society. Business ethics needs to provide a framework for balancing the different perspectives, values, and interests at stake. This balance must be achieved at the level of the firm in order to facilitate adequate long term decisions, but it should also be sought at higher, including regulatory, levels. Achieving this balance will require an ethical framework for entrepreneurial action.
