الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Ontologies for Agents : Theory and Experiences
On the other hand, ontologies have established themselves as a powerful tool to enable kno- edge sharing, and a growing number of applications have bene?ted from the use of ontologies as a means to achieve semantic interoperability among heterogeneous, distributed systems. In principle ontologies and agents are a match made in heaven, that has failed to happen. What makes a simple piece of software an agent is its ability to communicate in a ”social” environment, to make autonomous decisions, and to be proactive on behalf of its user. Communication ultimately depends on und- standing the goals, preferences, and constraints posed by the user. Autonomy is theabilitytoperformataskwithlittleornouserintervention,whileproactiveness involves acting autonomously with no need for user prompting. Communication, but also autonomy and proactiveness, depend on knowledge. The ability to c- municate depends on understanding the syntax (terms and structure) and the semantics of a language. Ontologies provide the terms used to describe a domain and the semantics associated with them. In addition, ontologies are often comp- mented by some logical rules that constrain the meaning assigned to the terms. These constraints are represented by inference rules that can be used by agents to perform the reasoning on which autonomy and proactiveness are based.
Oncofertility : Fertility Preservation for Cancer Survivors
While cancer survival rates have increased steadily over the last several decades, particularly among younger patients, the more aggressive forms of treatment that have made this possible often compromise a cancer patient's ability to later have biological children. In the past, pregnancy after cancer was largely unheard of. Today it is increasingly a possibility due to high survivorship rates in general and emerging reproductive technologies that give patients and their families options at the time of diagnosis to ensure a patient's future fertility (cryopreservation of ovarian tissue).
On The Interpretation of Treaties : The Modern International Law as Expressed in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
This book investigates the contents and structure of this system. By importing knowledge from linguistics, and pragmatics in particular, a model is established giving representation to the concept of a rule of interpretation. Drawing on this model, the book then proceeds to reconstruct the contents of the various rules of interpretation. To facilitate reference, the conclusions suggest a list of 44 rules, all of which can be invoked by appliers citing VCLT Articles 31-33.
On Line Citizenship : Emerging Technologies for European Cities
The book presents e-government issues from an institutional as well as a practical point of view through the contributions of distinguished authors representative of the European Union, the European network of cities (Telecities) and the Italian Government. On Line Citizenship offers an innovative approach in the analysis of technology's evolutionary paths in e-government through a comparison with e-business trends.
omputational science and its applications - ICCSA 2005 ; Vol. 3480 ; International Conference, Singapore, May 9-12, 2005, Proceedings, Part I
The four volume set assembled following The 2005 International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications, ICCSA 2005, held in Suntec International Convention and Exhibition Centre, Singapore, from 9 May 2005 till 12 May 2005, represents the ?ne collection of 540 refereed papers selected from nearly 2,700 submissions. Computational Science has ?rmly established itself as a vital part of many scienti?c investigations, a?ecting researchers and practitioners in areas ranging from applications such as aerospace and automotive, to emerging technologies such as bioinformatics and nanotechnologies, to core disciplines such as ma- ematics, physics, and chemistry. Due to the shear size of many challenges in computational science, the use of supercomputing, parallel processing, and - phisticated algorithms is inevitable and becomes a part of fundamental t- oretical research as well as endeavors in emerging ?elds.
OMDoc : An Open Markup Format for Mathematical Documents [version 1.2]
Computers arechanging the way wethink. Of course,nearly all desk-workers have access to computers and use them to email their colleagues, search the Web for information and prepare documents. But I’m not referring to that. I mean that people have begun to think about what they do in compu- tional terms and to exploit the power of computers to do things that would previously have been unimaginable. This observation is especially true of mathematicians.
Office Andrology
The investigation and management of male infertility can be a formidable diagnostic challenge to family physicians, urologists, and reproductive specialists alike. In Office Andrology, noted clinical physicians and scientists have joined forces to create a comprehensive resource guide to current diagnostic and treatment options for a broad spectrum of clinical issues relevant to male infertility disorders. Topics covered range from basic sperm biology and male reproductive endocrinology, to immunology, specialized sperm testing, and the genetic background to male infertility. Although emphasis is on the investigation, diagnostic testing, and management of the infertile male, controversial medical and surgical treatment options are also fully discussed. For the reproductive specialist, the text thoughtfully reviews such timely issues as gender selection, human immunodeficiency virus-discordance couples, and posthumous reproduction. Other topics of interest include laboratory accreditation, vasectomy reversal, ethical and legal considerations of donor insemination, optimizing success in a donor insemination program, and strategic therapies for ejaculatory disorders and erectile dysfunction in infertile men.
Oculoplastics and Orbit
This book have been provided throughout each chapter. evidence-based medicine into clinical practice.It is reasonable to now update our With the start of the second cycle of subspecialty readers with what has been achieved. coverage, the dissemination of practical inform- a Te immediate goal was to transfer inform- a tion will be continued as we learn more about tion through a high quality quarterly publication the emerging advances in various ophthalmic in which ophthalmology would be represented by subspecialties that can be applied to obtain the eight subspecialties.
Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery
This exceptionally important new work represents recent discoveries and advancements in the study of ocular transporters and their roles in ocular physiology, pathology, and drug delivery. Transporters are found on the membranes of cells and play a key role in transmitting signals between cells. In Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery, a panel of distinguished authors discusses all the latest developments in the study of ocular transporters. Focusing on the molecular characteristics, localization, and substrate specificities in various compartments of the eye, this volume discusses how transporters regulate the clarity of the cornea and lens, the movements of fluids across the ciliary epithelium, and the transport of nutrients across the retinal pigment epithelium. It also provides an in-depth look at how mutations or dysfunction of specific transporters can contribute to various disorders in the eye, including blindness, and provides readers with potential targets and strategies to allow safe passage of therapeutic drugs into the eye.
Oceano fertilità : Psicologia della comunicazione nell'era della fecondazione assistita = Fertility Ocean : The psychology of communication in the age of assisted reproduction
Cosa si prova a non poter avere un figlio? Quanto è difficile comunicare alla coppia una diagnosi di sterilità? Come affrontare il 70% dei fallimenti delle tecniche di PMA? Come una legge puo' incidere sul futuro di un embrione? Il testo, nato dalla fusione multidisciplinare medica, psicologica e sociologica, vuole riflettere su queste domande e accompagnare il lettore in una nuova forma mentis sulle criticità nella fecondazione assistita.
Obstructions in Security-Aware Business Processes : Analysis, Detection, and Handling
This book explores the dilemma-like stalemate between security and regulatory compliance in business processes on the one hand and business continuity and governance on the other. The growing number of regulations, e.g., on information security, data protection, or privacy, implemented in increasingly digitized businesses can have an obstructive effect on the automated execution of business processes. Such security-related obstructions can particularly occur when an access control-based implementation of regulations blocks the execution of business processes. By handling obstructions, security in business processes is supposed to be improved. For this, the book presents a framework that allows the comprehensive analysis, detection, and handling of obstructions in a security-sensitive way. Thereby, methods based on common organizational security policies, process models, and logs are proposed. The Petri net-based modeling and related semantic and language-based research, as well as the analysis of event data and machine learning methods finally lead to the development of algorithms and experiments that can detect and resolve obstructions and are reproducible with the provided software.
Observation of the Earth System from Space
A special highlight is the - termination of seasonal gravity variations caused by changes in continental water masses. For GOCE, to be launched in 2006, new gravity field analysis methods are under development and integrated into the ESA processing s- tem. 200,000 GPS radio occultation pro?les, observed by CHAMP, have been processed on an operational basis. They represent new and excellent inf- mation on atmospheric refractivity, temperature and water vapor. These new developments require geodetic space techniques (such as VLBI, SLR, LLR, GPS) to be combined and synchronized as if being one global instrument.
Object-Oriented Programming and Java
Object-Oriented Programming and Java presents two important topics in contemporary software development: object-oriented programming and Java. This book takes a different teaching approach from most available literature, it begins with the description of real-world object interaction scenarios and explains how they can be translated, represented and executed using object-oriented programming paradigm.
Objective information theory
Objective Information Theory (OIT) is proposed to represent and compute the information in a large-scale complex information system with big data in this monograph. To formally analyze, design, develop, and evaluate the information, OIT interprets the information from essential nature, measures the information from mathematical properties, and models the information from concept, logic, and physic. As the exemplified applications, Air Traffic Control System (ATCS) and Smart Court SoSs (System of Systems) are introduced for practical OITs.
Object Recognition, Attention, and Action
This book provides an excellent introduction to the issues that are involved, with chapters that address the ways in which humans and machines attend to, recognize, and act toward objects in the visual environment.
Nutritional psychiatry : A primer for clinicians
There is increasing evidence that mental health problems such as schizophrenia, depression and anxiety are linked with poor nutrition. At present, very few psychiatrists provide nutritional advice for their patients, despite such advice complimenting drug and psychological therapies. This edited volume is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between nutrition and mental health, for mental health professionals. Featuring contributions from leading authorities in the field, the book examines the link between diet and the microbiome-gut brain axis and how this correlates with a variety of psychiatric disorders. The book explores how enhancing the beneficial bacteria in the gut, through the use of psychobiotics, prebiotics or dietary change can improve mood and reduce anxiety.
Nutritional psychiatry
Provides a comprehensive overview of nutritional psychiatry, elucidating its theoretical foundations, the biological mechanisms linking diet to mental health (including inflammation, oxidative stress, disrupted energy metabolism the gut–brain axis and other implicated pathways), and the current evidence base for dietary impacts on major psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and ADHD.
Nutrition of cancer patient
According to world statistics, nutrition is estimated to contribute to about one-third of preventable cancers, nearly the same amount as the contribution of smoking. It is defined as the processes by which living organisms' intake of food and drink is used by the body for fuel, growth, reproduction, and the overall maintenance of health. Thus, sufficient nutritional consumption is essential for well-being. Consequently, it is an important part of life, cancer treatment, recovery, and prevention; eating the necessary nutrients prior to, during, and after a cancer treatment would aid the patient in the recovery process. A healthy diet means a stable nourishment, and includes obtaining sufficient amounts of essential nutrients (vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water) the body needs. Inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals might explain the epidemiological findings that people who eat only small amounts of fruits and vegetables have an increased risk of developing cancer.
Nurturing Science-based Ventures : An International Case Perspective
The challenge is to nurture entrepreneurial skills and ambitions in science and engineering academic students in the hope that they will consider the starting of a new business based on their research as a compelling alternative to more traditional employment opportunities. The book by Seifert, Leleux and Tucci addresses this challenge. … designed as a teaching support for courses on science-based entrepreneurship and it primarily targets engineering and science students. The book focuses on science based ventures that originate in technological break throughs, but entrepreneurs from all backgrounds can learn from it. Nurturing Science-Based Ventures charts the development of a new venture through five chapters.
Numerical Methods for Nonsmooth Dynamical Systems : Applications in Mechanics and Electronics
This book concerns the numerical simulation of dynamical systems whose trajectories may not be differentiable everywhere. They are named nonsmooth dynamical systems. They make an important class of systems, firstly because of the many applications in which nonsmooth models are useful, secondly because they give rise to new problems in various fields of science. Usually nonsmooth dynamical systems are represented as differential inclusions, complementarity systems, evolution variational inequalities, each of these classes being itself split into several subclasses.
