الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Why Managers and Companies Take Risks
The book answers a simple question: when managers and companies face a decision with two outcomes that are safe and risky, what leads them to choose the risky alternative? The answer starts with a detailed review of the theory behind risk and decision making by managers. The book then gathers real-world evidence using two surveys of senior managers and directors to analyse why they take risks, and how companies control risks. Integrating theory and evidence the book develops a model of risk taking that draws from academic thinking across multiple disciplines and the actual practice of experienced managers. The last section of the book discusses how managers can apply its findings to dialling up the required level of risk inside their firm.
Web Intelligence Meets Brain Informatics ; 1st WICI International Workshop, WImBI 2006, Beijing, China, December 15-16, 2006, Revised Selected and Invited Papers
the book include: workshop was the first in the field to focus on the interplay between (a) intelligent technologies, especially in the context of WI and (b) studies on human intelligence as explored in neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and brain science instrumentation.The book, as a volume in the Springer LNCS/LNAI state-of-the-art survey, will be a milestone publication, with research visions and blueprints, for com-puter scientists and practitioners at large in this exciting interdisciplinaryarea.
Water Quality Hazards and Dispersion of Pollutants
Water resources are under stress worldwide and one of the elements of this stress - man's impact on water quality constitutes a key problem especially in well-developed countries. This problem receives an increasing attention of the public, politicians, decision makers nowadays. People have to answer how to achieve any given level and pattern of water quality in particular watercourses and also how to mitigate the catastrophes that are inseparable elements of civilization. The EU water framework directive, which came into force at the end of 2000, changes the way of monitoring, assessing and managing water in European countries. Three groups of quality elements (biological, hydromorphological and physico-chemical) have been identified in the water framework directive as necessary to classify the ecological status of a particular water body.
Vector Optimization : Set-valued and Variational Analysis
Vector optimization model has found many important applications in decision making problems such as those in economics theory, management science, and engineering design (since the introduction of the Pareto optimal solu tion in 1896). Typical examples of vector optimization model include maxi mization/minimization of the objective pairs (time, cost), (benefit, cost), and (mean, variance) etc. Many practical equilibrium problems can be formulated as variational in equality problems, rather than optimization problems, unless further assump tions are imposed. The vector variational inequality was introduced by Gi- nessi (1980). Extensive research on its relations with vector optimization, the existence of a solution and duality theory has been pursued. The fundamental idea of the Ekeland's variational principle is to assign an optimization problem a slightly perturbed one having a unique solution which is at the same time an approximate solution of the original problem. This principle has been an important tool for nonlinear analysis and optimization theory. Along with the development of vector optimization and set-valued optimization, the vector variational principle introduced by Nemeth (1980) has been an interesting topic in the last decade
Value-Based Software Engineering
VBSE extends the merely technical ISO software engineering definition with elements not only from economics, but also from cognitive science, finance, management science, behavioral sciences, and decision sciences, giving rise to a truly multi-disciplinary framework. This book deviates from the more anecdotal style of many management-oriented software engineering books and so appeals particularly to all readers who are interested in solid foundations for high-level aspects of software engineering decision making, i.e., to product or project managers driven by economics and to software engineering researchers and students.
Value Chain Management in the Chemical Industry : Global Value Chain Planning of Commodities
Supply chain management helped companies to manage volumes, fulfil customer demand and optimize costs in production and distribution. Specifically, chemical industry companies with high complexity in production and distribution used supply chain management to steer their operations. Confronted with globalization and increasing raw material and sales price volatility, optimizing supply chain costs is no longer sufficient to ensure the overall profitability of the business. Value chain management takes supply chain management to the next level by integrating all volume and value decisions from sales to procurement. The book presents the value chain management concept and demonstrates how it is applied in a global value chain planning model for commodities in the chemical industry. A comprehensive industry case study illustrates the effects of decision making integration, e.g. the influence of raw material prices or exchange rates on optimal sales, production, distribution and procurement plans as well as overall company profitability.
Usability and internationalization : HCI and culture ; 2nd International Conference on usability and internationalization, UI-HCII 2007, held as Part of HCI International 2007, Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings, Part I
These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation th- oughly cover the entire field of Human-Computer Interaction, addressing major - vances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. This volume, edited by Nuray Aykin, contains papers in the thematic area of Usability and Internationalization, addressing the following major topics: Cross-Cultural Design / International and Intercultural Usability / User Studies.
Urethral Reconstructive Surgery
Urethral reconstructive surgery can often be complex, time consuming and demanding. Enlightening urologists in a practical manner, Urethral Reconstructive Surgery evaluates and manages complex urethral problems. Written by a panel of experts in the field, Urethral Reconstructive Surgery offers the anatomy of the urethra and the aspects of wound healing and applicable plastic surgical techniques. A practical and comprehensive review, Dr. Brandes and his contributors focus on the methods for evaluating the extent and degree of urethral stricture and the decision making process.
Universal access in human-computer interaction : Ambient interaction ; 4th International Conference on universal access in human-computer interaction, UAHCI 2007, Held as Part of HCI International 2007, Beijing,China, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings, Part II
Contains papers in the thematic area of Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: Intelligent Ambients / Access to the Physical Environment, Mobility and Transportation / Virtual and Augmented Environments / Interaction Techniques and Devices
Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy : Multidisciplinary Methods and Tools for a Low Carbon Society
This book analyzes and seeks to consolidate the use of robust quantitative tools and qualitative methods for the design and assessment of energy and climate policies. In particular, it examines energy and climate policy performance and associated risks, as well as public acceptance and portfolio analysis in climate policy, and presents methods for evaluating the costs and benefits of flexible policy implementation as well as new framings for business and market actors. In turn, it discusses the development of alternative policy pathways and the identification of optimal switching points, drawing on concrete examples to do so. Lastly, it discusses climate change mitigation policies’ implications for the agricultural, food, building, transportation, service and manufacturing sectors.
Two Minds : Intuition and Analysis in the History of Economic Thought
Intuition is warm and fuzzy, qualitative, not measurable. Economics, on the other hand, is quantitative, and if it is not a hard science, at least it is the "queen of the social sciences." It is, therefore, intuitively obvious, that intuition and economics are as if oil and water. The problem is, what is intuitively obvious is not always correct. And, there are two major reasons why intuition and economics are not like oil and water. First, economics concerns itself with decision making, and decisions are made in the brain. The human brain is the size of a grapefruit, weighing three pounds with approximately 180 billion neurons, each physically independent but interacting with the other neurons. What we call intuition is, like decision making, a natural information processing function of the brain. Second, despite the current emphasis on quantitative analysis and deductive logic there is a rich history of economists speaking about intuition. First, the human brain, specifically the neocortex, has a left and right hemisphere. The specialized analytical style of the left hemisphere and the specialized intuitive style of the right hemispheres complement each other.
Transactions on Computational Science II
Transactions on Computational Science II is devoted to the subject of denotational mathematics for computational intelligence. Denotational mathematics, as a counterpart of conventional analytic mathematics, is a category of expressive mathematical structures that deals with high-level mathematical entities beyond numbers and sets, such as abstract objects, complex relations, behavioral information, concepts, knowledge, processes, granules, and systems. This volume includes 12 papers covering the following four important areas: foundations and applications of denotational mathematics; rough and fuzzy set theories; granular computing; and knowledge and information modeling.
Traffic and Granular Flow 03
These proceedings are the fifth in the series Traffic and Granular Flow, and we hope they will be as useful a reference as their predecessors. Both the realistic modelling of granular media and traffic flow present important challenges at the borderline between physics and engineering, and enormous progress has been made since 1995, when this series started. Still the research on these topics is thriving, so that this book again contains many new results. Some highlights addressed at this conference were the influence of long range electric and magnetic forces and ambient fluids on granular media, new precise traffic measurements, and experiments on the complex decision making of drivers.
Threshold decision-making in clinical medicine : With practical application to hematology and oncology
Aims to provide threshold models to help physicians to make optimal diagnostic, therapeutic and predictive decisions. Readers will not only find theoretical information but also practical examples illustrating how these decisions should be made.
Thinking in Complexity : The Computational Dynamics of Matter, Mind, and Mankind
The theory of nonlinear, complex systems has become by now a proven problem-solving approach in the natural sciences. In this book, Klaus Mainzer discusses, the common framework behind these ideas and challenges. Emphasis is given to the evolution of new structures in natural and cultural systems.
Therapy Related Leukemia
As the population of cancer survivors continues to grow, there is a great need to term health of this population. Nearly one in five cancers -understand the longdiagnosed today occurs in an individual with a previous diagnosis of cancer, and cancers” are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among these “second the etiology, prevention, and which reported esearchOur rcancer survivors. treatment of second cancers has the potential to improve public health, guide clinical management of survivors, and provide further insight into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Secondary cancer risk following radiotherapy and chemotherapy is an increasingly important topic in clinical oncology with impact on treatment decision making and on patient management. And one of the highest incidence was leukemia . Much of the evidence that underlies our understanding of secondary cancer risks and our risk estimates are derived from large epidemiologic studies that we will talk about it and predictive models of earlier decades with large uncertainties.
The U.S. supreme court and the modern common law approach
Studies the U.S. Supreme Court and its current common law approach to judicial decision making from a national and transnational perspective. The Supreme Court's modern approach appears detached from and inconsistent with the underlying fundamental principles that ought to guide it, an approach that often leads to unfair and inefficient results.
The State of Peacebuilding in Africa : Lessons Learned for Policymakers and Practitioners
This book on the state of peacebuilding in Africa brings together the work of distinguished scholars, practitioners, and decision makers to reflect on key experiences and lessons learned in peacebuilding in Africa over the past half century.
The SAGES Manual of Strategic Decision Making : Case Studies in Minimal Access Surgery
The SAGES Manual of Strategic Decision Making: Case Studies in Minimal Access Surgery is an excellent resource and clinical decision-making tool for general surgeons and residents. While other SAGES manuals simply discuss core topics in minimally-invasive surgery and GI endoscopy, this unique book explores fifty scenarios with a focus on the decision process that leads to an optimal treatment plan. The case-based format creates a quick and easy-to-read text that is rooted in real life scenarios in general and laparoscopic surgery and the strategic decisions every surgeon must learn to make. Each of the fifty thought-provoking cases is concisely presented with illustrated surgical techniques and an evidence-based review of related literature.
The RFID Roadmap : The Next Steps for Europe
RFID is a key technology for Europe. Today we are witnessing a noticeable shift away from RFID pilot projects of the early days, towards a broad deployment of RFID in order to increase efficiency and innovation of processes. These themes have been analysed by a network of European RFID technology providers, vendors and end users. The result of their work is summarised in this volume, giving recommendations for RFID stakeholders who wish to support the technology. By providing a comprehensive overview of state of play of RFID in Europe, this book is an indispensable read for decision makers in all areas of society who have to look into RFID.
