الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Observation of the Earth System from Space
A special highlight is the - termination of seasonal gravity variations caused by changes in continental water masses. For GOCE, to be launched in 2006, new gravity field analysis methods are under development and integrated into the ESA processing s- tem. 200,000 GPS radio occultation pro?les, observed by CHAMP, have been processed on an operational basis. They represent new and excellent inf- mation on atmospheric refractivity, temperature and water vapor. These new developments require geodetic space techniques (such as VLBI, SLR, LLR, GPS) to be combined and synchronized as if being one global instrument.
Nuclear Energy : Principles, Practices, and Prospects
The world faces serious difficulties in obtaining the energy that will be needed in coming decades for a growing population, especially given the problem of climate change caused by fossil fuel use. This book presents a view of nuclear energy as an important carbon-free energy option. It discusses the nuclear fuel cycle, the types of reactors used today and proposed for the future, nuclear waste disposal, reactor accidents and reactor safety, nuclear weapon proliferation, and the cost of electric power. To provide background for these discussions, the book begins with chapters on the history of the development and use of nuclear energy, the health effects of ionizing radiation, and the basic physics principles of reactor operation. The text has been rewritten and substantially expanded for this edition, to reflect changes that have taken place in the eight years since the publication of the first edition and to provide greater coverage of key topics. These include the Yucca Mountain repository plans, designs for next-generation reactors, weapons proliferation and terrorism threats, the potential of alternatives to nuclear energy, and controversies about low-level radiation.
Nuclear back-end and transmutation technology for waste disposal : Beyond the Fukushima accident
Covers essential aspects of transmutation technologies, highlighting especially the advances in Japan. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) has caused us to focus attention on a large amount of spent nuclear fuels stored in NPPs. In addition, public anxiety regarding the treatment and disposal of high-level radioactive wastes that require long-term control is growing. The Japanese policy on the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle is still unpredictable in the aftermath of the accident. Therefore, research and development for enhancing the safety of various processes involved in nuclear energy production are being actively pursued worldwide.
Nonlinear Oscillations in Mechanical Engineering
Nonlinear Oscillations in Mechanical Engineering explores the effects of nonlinearities encountered in applications in that field. Since the nonlinearities are caused, first of all, by contacts between different mechanical parts, the main part of this book is devoted to oscillations in mechanical systems with discontinuities caused by dry friction and collisions.
New Vision of Metformin in treating cancer
The anti-diabetic drug metformin is rapidly emerging as a potential anticancer agent. Metformin is a biguanide that is effective in treating type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndromes, improves insulin resistance by reducing hepatic gluconeogensis and by enhancing glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Metformin can reduce the incidence of cancers and can reduce the mortality from cancers, increase the response to treatment cancer cells when using radiotherapy and chemotherapy, reduce the likelihood of relapse. Diabetes can be a factor in the occurrence of various types of cancer, and develop a variety of cancers such as colo-rectal, pancreas and liver cancers, compared to non-diabetic patients. Incidence of various cancers is high among patients of T2DM due to insulin resistance and mitogenic effects caused by hyperglycemia.
New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Akiyoshi Hosoyamada, M.D., Ph.D. President, Showa University Tokyo, Japan September 2007 v Preface The leading cause of death in Western countries and some developing countries is atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Among them, acute myocardial infarction is the most common type of fatal disease, caused by the progression of atherosclerosis characterized by accumulation of choles terol in vascular walls. Development of atherosclerosis is greatly enhanced by major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, hyperlip idemia, diabetes (hyperglycemia), and hypertension. Among those, obesity frequently initiates a metabolic change that subsequently induces hyperlip idemia, diabetes, hypertension, and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascu lar diseases. Because obesity and its related disorders largely depend on lifestyle factors such as high calorie intake and low physical activity, a series of disorders are termed lifestyle-related diseases.
New experiment therapies for old disease
Mucorales are fast-growing thermotolerant fungi that are ubiquitous in the environment. They have a worldwide distribution and are commonly found in decaying organic material or agricultural and forest soils (1). Mucormycosis is a group of mould infections caused by fungi in the class previously known as Zygomycetes now renamed Mucormycetes (2).
Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete
Nanomaterials can markedly improve the mechanical properties of concrete, as well as reduce the porosity and enhance the durability of concrete. The application of nanotechnology in concrete is still in its infancy. However, an ever-growing demand for ultra-high-performance concrete and recurring environmental pollution caused by ordinary Portland cement has encouraged engineers to exploit nanotechnology in the construction industry. Nanotechnology for Smart Concrete discusses the advantages and applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including high-strength performance, microstructural improvement, self-healing, energy storage, and coatings. The book: Analyses the linkage of concrete materials with nanomaterials and nanostructures / Discusses the applications of nanomaterials in the concrete industry, including energy storage in green buildings, anti-corrosive coatings, and inhibiting pathogens and viruses / Covers self-healing concrete / Explores safety considerations, sustainability, and environmental impact of nanoconcrete / Includes an appendix of solved questions
Motion Planning in Medicine : Optimization and Simulation Algorithms for Image-Guided Procedures
The monograph written by Ron Alterovitz and Ken Goldberg combines ideas from robotics, physically-based modeling, and operations research to develop new motion planning and optimization algorithms for image-guided medical procedures. A challenge clinicians commonly face is compensating for errors caused by soft tissue deformations that occur when imaging devices or surgical tools physically contact soft tissue. A number of methods are presented which can be applied to a variety of medical procedures, from biopsies to anaesthesia injections to radiation cancer treatment. They can also be extended to address problems outside the context of medical robotics, including nonholonomic motion planning for mobile robots in field or manufacturing environments.
Monographs in contact allergy ; Vol.4 : Systemic drugs
Presents : Identification section; Occupational allergic contact dermatitis; and Cutaneous adverse drug reactions from systemic drugs caused by type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity, as shown by positive patch tests (e.g. maculopapular eruption, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis [AGEP], symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema [SDRIFE], fixed drug eruption, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms [DRESS], and photosensitivity). Separate chapters present an overview of the spectrum of allergic cutaneous drug reactions, diagnostic tests, immediate contact reactions (contact urticaria), and systemic drugs that have acquired delayed-type hypersensitivity only by cross-reactivity.
Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stabilization in Latin America
Latin America is a very important region of the globe, which has been buffeted by successive waves of economic instability within the last decades. These waves have caused several episodes of hyperinflation or near hyperinflation, and several currency and financial crises, which, in certain moments, have even spilled over and affected other emerging markets. This has resulted in huge costs in terms of lost potential growth, and, as is inevitable, the markets most affected by this have been the least capable of defending themselves. In a region plagued by still considerable rates of social exclusion, with some of the highest rates of income concentration in the whole globe, the human costs of these crises have been very substantial. Starting in the early 1990s, the slow implementation of reforms, plus the resumption of more sustained growth—to a substantial degree linked to the increase in commodity prices, especially since the early 2000s—seems to have resulted in a more stable situation. Initially, in early reformers like Chile, later in the larger economies of the region, like Brazil and Mexico, a consensus— embraced by both sides of the political spectrum—towards integration in global markets, both in their trade and financial components, floating exchange rates, independent monetary authorities, and sustainable fiscal policies has emerged.
Model Driven Architecture ; European MDA Workshops : Foundations and Applications, MDAFA 2003 and MDAFA 2004, Twente, The Netherlands, June 26-27, 2003, and Linköping, Sweden, June 10-11, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) is an initiative proposedby the Object M- agement Group (OMG) for platform-generic software development. MDA s- arates the specification of system functionality from the implementation on a specific platform. It is aimed at making software assets more resilient to changes caused by emerging technologies. While stressing the importance of modeling, the MDA initiative covers a wide spectrum of research areas. Further efforts are required to bring them into a coherent approach based on open standards and supported by matured tools and techniques. This volume contains the selected papers of two workshops on “Model-Driven Architecture – Foundations and Applications” (MDAFA): MDAFA 2003 held at the University of Twente, Twente, The Netherlands, June 26–27, 2003, and MDAFA 2004 held at Linko ¨ping University, Link¨ oping, Sweden, June 10–11, 2004. The goal of the workshops was to understand the foundations of MDA, to share experience in applying MDA techniques and tools, and to outline future research directions. The workshops organizers encouraged authors of accepted papers to re-submit their papers to a post-workshop reviewing process; 15 of these papers were accepted to appear in this volume on MDA.
Mitral valve diseases
The heart is a pump consisting of 4 chambers:2 atria and 2 ventricles and 4 valves one of them is mitral valve which is located betweenthe left atrium and the left ventricle and prevents the backward flow of blood.Ithas several unique features: Mitral annulus, two leaflets, the chordae tendineaeand papillary muscles. The mitral valve may become stenotic or may regurgitate. Regurgitation(or leakage of the valve): When the valve (s) do not close completely. Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve): When the valve (s) opening becomes narrowed. Mitral stenosis is categorized as mild, moderate or severe it is typically causedby (Rheumatic fever, A congenital heart, Calcium deposits .....) and it caused severalsymptoms such as: dyspnea, hemoptysis, fatigue, Chest pain and others Where as the Signs and symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation, can include: Abnormal heart sound, Shortness of breath, Heart palpitations, Fatigue, edma, Coughing.
Michael Graves : Images of a grand tour
Michael Graves: Images of A Grand Tour collects for the first time the stunning artwork produced during this trip. Delicate pencil sketches, striking ink washes, and colorful photographs show the deep connection Graves had to the places he visited, from the Roman Forum to the Grecian Acropolis to Wiltshires Stonehenge. They also tell something of the education of an architect, bringing to light the classical buildings that caused Graves to reexamine his early devotion to modernism. A foreword by Graves reflects on these travels from the distance of forty years
IOT glass tempering controller
The Internet of things (IoT) subject speaks to a thought for the electronic-mechanical arrangement of devices to detect and gather data from the encompassing environmental factors and a short time later share that data over the Internet where it will, in general, be arranged and utilized for various purposes. This project will show the use of Iot in the process of Harding glass to accomplish a well-tempered glass and solving the problem of arching glass which is caused because of the difference of the temperature in the upper and lower heat, Iot will help in monitoring and controlling the temperature through blynk program.
Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States : A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the United States Forest Sector
This book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade.
Integrated Urban Water Resources Management
Growing populations and rising standards of living exert stress on water supply and the quality of drinking water. In wastewater management, new challenges are caused by new chemicals of concern, including endocrine disrupters, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products, which often pass through wastewater treatment plants unabated, but may cause serious impacts on receiving aquatic ecosystems. Advanced wastewater treatment leads to production of biosolids, which are processed in various ways, including on-land applications in agriculture. Municipal effluents, combined with increasing withdrawals of water, lead to the worsening of receiving water quality. Expert opinions indicate that the only way to deal with the current urban water management dilemmas is by integrated management and innovative delivery of water services. This book presents important aspects of Challenges in Management of Urban Water Resources, Challenges in Urban Water Supply, Urban Drainage and Water Bodies, Wastewater Treatment and Security, and Wastewater Treatment and Reuse.
Integrated Management of Diseases Caused by Fungi, Phytoplasma and Bacteria
This book is about stone fruit and apple diseases, grapevine and fruit crops phytoplasma, Phytophthora on citrus, chestnut diseases, esca complex on grapevine and Rosellinia necatrix root rot. Includes models for potato late blight management and management of bacteria and DNA fingerprinting.
Inflation and Unemployment in a Monetary Union
This book studies the coexistence of inflation and unemployment in a monetary union. The focus is on how to reduce the associated loss. The primary target of the European central bank is low inflation in Europe. The primary target of the German government is low unemployment in Germany. And the primary target of the French government is low unemployment in France. The European central bank has a quadratic loss function. The same applies to the German government and the French government. The key questions are: To what extent can the sequential process of monetary and fiscal decisions reduce the loss caused by inflation and unemployment? Is monetary and fiscal cooperation superior to the sequential process of monetary and fiscal decisions?
Human Nucleotide Expansion Disorders
Human neurological and neuromuscular disorders caused by nucleotide expansion, first discovered in 1991, are the focus of growing interest of practicing physicians and of interested biomedical researchers. This volume represents a comprehensive and up-to-date description of many of the better-studied disorders. The expert authors discuss molecular, clinical and pathological aspects of the diseases as well as our current understanding of their underlying mechanisms. Of special interest are ideas and initial results of the different therapeutic strategies that can be employed to overcome some of the disorders. As a summary of the state-of-the-art research in this field, this book is of value to human geneticists, molecular biologists and biochemists as well as to practicing neurologists and pediatricians.
