الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Nonbayesian Decision Theory : Beliefs and Desires as Reasons for Action
This book aims to present an account of rational choice from a non-Bayesian point of view. Rational agents maximize subjective expected utility, but contrary to what is claimed by Bayesians, the author argues that utility and subjective probability should not be defined in terms of preferences over uncertain prospects. To some extent, the author’s non-Bayesian view gives a modern account of what decision theory could have been like, had decision theorists not entered the Bayesian path discovered by Ramsey, Savage, and Jeffrey. The author argues that traditional Bayesian decision theory is unavailing from an action-guiding perspective. For the deliberating Bayesian agent, the output of decision theory is not a set of preferences over alternative acts - these preferences are on the contrary used as input to the theory.
Modalities and Multimodalities
In the last two decades modal logic has undergone an explosive growth, to thepointthatacompletebibliographyofthisbranchoflogic,supposingthat someone were capable to compile it, would ?ll itself a ponderous volume. What is impressive in the growth of modal logic has not been so much the quick accumulation of results but the richness of its thematic dev- opments. In the 1960s, when Kripke semantics gave new credibility to the logic of modalities? which was already known and appreciated in the Ancient and Medieval times? no one could have foreseen that in a short time modal logic would become a lively source of ideas and methods for analytical philosophers,historians of philosophy,linguists, epistemologists and computer scientists.
Mobilizing Adults for Positive Youth Development : Strategies for Closing the Gap between Beliefs and Behaviors
"In today's fast-paced, often-dehumanizing world, increasing positive adult involvement and influence is particularly vital. To further that goal, Mobilizing Adults for Positive Youth Development: Strategies for Closing the Gap between Beliefs and Behaviors brings together, in one concise volume, the advice and expertise of leading scholars dedicated to affecting positive youth development. Taken together, the chapters in this book provide a multifaceted, multidisciplinary blueprint for social change." "Mobilizing Adults for Positive Youth Development: Strategies for Closing the Gap between Beliefs and Behaviors is a must-have volume for both practitioners and researchers - in fact, for anyone interested and involved in working toward achieving positive youth development.
Measuring Professional Competence for the Teaching of Mathematical Modelling : A Test Instrument
This book presents a structural model and an associated test instrument designed to provide a detailed analysis of professional competences for teaching mathematical modelling. The conceptualisation is based on the COACTIV model, which describes aspects, areas and facets of professional competences of teachers. The manual provides an overview of the essential teaching skills in application-related contexts and offers the tools needed to capture these aspects. It discusses the objectives and application areas of the instrument, as well as the development of the test. In addition, it describes the implementation and evaluates the quality and results of the structural equation analysis of the model.
Mathematics Education in Different Cultural Traditions- A Comparative Study of East Asia and the West : The 13th ICMI Study
The volume covers a very wide field including the contexts of mathematics education, the curriculum, teaching and learning, and teachers’ values and beliefs. Within these broad parameters some of the particular cross-cultural issues that are discussed include intuition and logical reasoning, influences of Confucianism and Ancient Greek traditions, basic skills and process abilities, learners’ perspectives, assessment practices, text books and ICT multimedia.
Intuitive Probability and Random Processes using MATLAB®
Intuitive Probability and Random Processes using MATLAB® is an introduction to probability and random processes that merges theory with practice. Based on the author’s belief that only "hands-on" experience with the material can promote intuitive understanding, the approach is to motivate the need for theory using MATLAB examples, followed by theory and analysis, and finally descriptions of "real-world" examples to acquaint the reader with a wide variety of applications.
Introduction to Machine Learning with Applications in Information Security
Provides a classroom-tested introduction to a wide variety of machine learning and deep learning algorithms and techniques, reinforced via realistic applications. The book is accessible and doesn't prove theorems, or dwell on mathematical theory. The goal is to present topics at an intuitive level, with just enough detail to clarify the underlying concepts. The book covers core classic machine learning topics in depth, including Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and clustering. Additional machine learning topics include k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), boosting, Random Forests, and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The fundamental deep learning topics of backpropagation, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are covered in depth. A broad range of advanced deep learning architectures are also presented, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Extreme Learning Machines (ELM), Residual Networks (ResNet), Deep Belief Networks (DBN), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and Word2Vec.
Internationalizing Higher Education : Critical Explorations of Pedagogy and Policy
Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon, and one of its major components is the internationalization of education. The Increasing pace and complexity of global knowledge flows, and the accelerating exchange of educational ideas, practices and policies, are important drivers of globalization. Higher Education is a key site for these flows and exchanges. This book casts a critical eye on the internationalization of higher education. It peels back taken-for-granted practices and beliefs, explores the gaps and silences in current pedagogy and practices, and addresses the ambiguities, tensions and contradictions in internationalization. In this volume, scholars from a range of disciplines and regions critically examine the co modification of higher education, teaching and support for international students, international partnerships for aid and trade, and the impacts on academics’ work.
Interior Design : Conceptual Basis
Seven concepts of planning, circulation, 3D, construction, materials, colour and lighting, which covers the entire spectrum of a designer's activity. Analysing design concepts from the view of the range of possibilities that the designer can examine and eventually decide by choice and conclusive belief the appropriate course of action to take in forming that particular concept, the formation and implementation of these concepts is taken in this book to aid the designer in his/her professional task of completing a design proposal to the client. The purpose of this book is to prepare designers to focus on each concept independently as much as possible, whilst acknowledging relative connections without unwarranted influences unfairly dictating a conceptual bias, and is about that part of the design process called conceptual analysis. It is assumed that the site, location, building and orientation, as well as the client's brief of activities and needs have been digested and analysed to provide the data upon which the design process can begin.
Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems ; 7th Pacific Rim International Workshop on Multi-Agents, PRIMA 2004, Auckland, New Zealand, August 8-13, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
A Combined System for Update Logic and Belief Revision.- Using Messaging Structure to Evolve Agents Roles in Electronic Markets.- Specifying DIMA Multi-agents Models Using Maude.- picoPlangent: An Intelligent Mobile Agent System for Ubiquitous Computing.- An Approach to Safe Continuous Planning.- Modeling e-Procurement as Co-adaptive Matchmaking with Mutual Relevance Feedback.- Price Determination and Profit Sharing for Bidding Groups in Agent-Mediated Auctions.- Agent Based Risk Management Methods for Speculative Actions.- Handling Emergent Resource Use Oscillations.- The Role of Agents in Intelligent Mobile Services.
Information, Interaction, and Agency
Agents perform actions based on the available information and in the presence of other interacting agents. From this perspective Information, Interaction, and Agency neatly ties together classical themes like rationality, decision-making and belief revision with games, strategies and learning in a multi-agent setting.Unified by the central notions Information, Interaction, and Agency, the essays in this volume provide refreshing methodological perspectives on belief revision, dynamic epistemic logic, von Neumann games, and evolutionary game theory; all of which in turn are central approaches to understanding our own rationality and that of other agents.
In the Pursuit of Winning : Problem Gambling Theory, Research and Treatment
Poker websites. State lotteries. Sports betting. As gambling outlets become easier to find, more—and younger—people are risking their finances, family lives, and health. In the Pursuit of Winning brings together an international panel of 35 experts to present theoretical, clinical, sociological, historical, and spiritual perspectives on problem gambling, and test popular addiction and disease models in the field. Early chapters examine the general psychology of gambling, before moving on to the irrational ideas associated with compulsive wagering, from belief in luck to illusions of control. The seven chapters in the second half are devoted to evidence-based interventions from a variety of clinical orientations. Case examples, Q&A sections, and a glossary add extra readability to the coverage.
Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology : Amino acids and peptides in the nervous system
It is our belief that this volume of the Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology provides an excellent review of the tremendous advances of the past decades in the neurochemical and molecular biological aspects of cerebral ischemia. It is hoped that these advances will provide an impetus for basic scientists and clinicians to further their translational research and to promote the insights for development of therapeutic interventions for stroke.
Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology : Acute Ischemic injury and repair in the nervous system
It is our belief that this volume of the Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology provides an excellent review of the tremendous advances of the past decades in the neurochemical and molecular biological aspects of cerebral ischemia. It is hoped that these advances will provide an impetus for basic scientists and clinicians to further their translational research and to promote the insights for development of therapeutic interventions for stroke.
Handbook of Economic Sociology for the 21st Century : New Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Studies and Developments
This handbook provides an overview on major developments that occurred in the field of economic sociology after its rebirth since the 1980s in the US. It offers new insights on the uniqueness of European economic sociology compared to US economic sociology which emerged at the end of the 20th century. The handbook presents economic sociology as a developing field which started with certain foundations as new economic sociology, widening the perspective by introducing social factors thereby focusing more on general belief systems, social forms of coordination and the relationships between society and the economy. It offers an outstanding portrait of the research field helping to identify major foundations and trajectories as well as new research perspectives for a globalized economic sociology.
Geological atlas of Africa : With notes on stratigraphy, tectonics, economic geology, geohazards, geosites and geoscientific education of each country
T is atlas is intended primarily for anybody who is in-some background for the arrangement of how the terested in basic geology of Africa. Its originality lies atlas was done. T e second chapter is devoted to the in the fact that the regional geology of each African history of geological mapping in Africa, necessary nation or territory is reviewed country-wise by maps for a fuller appreciation of why this work in Africa is and text, a view normally not presented in textbooks worth doing. Chapter 3 provides an executive s- of regional geology. It is my belief, that there has long mary on the stratigraphy and tectonics of Africa as a been a need in universities and geological surveys, whole, i. e. in the context of no political boundaries.
Gender Differences in Computer and Information Literacy : An In-depth Analysis of Data from ICILS
When computer technology was first introduced in schools, there was a prevailing belief that information and communication technologies were ‘boys’ toys’; boys were assumed to have more positive attitudes toward using computer technologies. As computer technologies have become more established throughout societies, gender gaps in students’ computer and information literacy appear to be closing, although studies into gender differences remain sparse.
Game Theory and Mutual Misunderstanding : Scientific Dialogues in Five Acts
This book consists of five acts and two interludes, which are all written as dialogues between three main characters and other supporting characters. Each act discusses the epistemological, institutional and methodological foundations of game theory and economics, while using various stories and examples. A featured aspect of those discussions is that many forms of mutual misunderstanding are involved in social situations as well as in those fields themselves. One Japanese traditional comic story called the Konnyaku Mondo is representative and gives hints of how our thought is constrained by incorrect beliefs. Each dialogue critically examines extant theories and common misunderstanding in game theory and economics in order to find possible future developments of those fields.
Foundations and applications of MIS : A model theory approach
Foundations and Applications of MIS presents a unique systems theory approach to management information system (MIS) development. The development is driven by the need to eliminate ambiguity in specification, design and construction of the application software. Further, the authors show that the considerable effort being expanded nowadays on validation, verification and testing, as required in current software engineering practices, will be reduced. The approach also reinforces the belief that MIS development is independent of software development. The work presents an approach that provides a theoretical foundation for MIS development from the systems theoretic viewpoint along with practical applications ranging from a transaction processing system to a solver system. Both formal systems theory and automatic system generation based on the authors' newly extended Prolog offer a significant increase in the efficiency of specification, design and production of the application software, as well as an increase in the functional reliability of the software produced. The book assumes a working knowledge of elementary set theory, logic, and familiarity with some systems concepts, such as the automaton model.
Forensic Psychiatry : Influences of Evil
In Forensic Psychiatry: Influences of Evil, Tom Mason brings together an international panel of experts from diverse specialties to examine the idea of "evil" in a medical context, specifically a mental health setting, to consider how the concept can be usefully interpreted, and to elucidate its relationship to forensic psychiatry. The authors challenge the belief that the concept of "evil" plays no role in "scientific" psychiatry and is not helpful to our understanding of aberrant human thinking and behavior.
