الصفحة 9
الصفحة 9
Component-Based Software Development for Embedded Systems : An Overview of Current Research Trends
Embedded systems are ubiquitous. They appear in cell phones, microwave ovens, refrigerators, consumer electronics, cars, and jets. Some of these embedded s- tems are safety- or security-critical such as in medical equipment, nuclear plants, and X-by-wire control systems in naval, ground and aerospace transportation - hicles. With the continuing shift from hardware to software, embedded systems are increasingly dominated by embedded software. Embedded software is complex. Its engineering inherently involves a mul- disciplinary interplay with the physics of the embedding system or environment. Embedded software also comes in ever larger quantity and diversity. The next generation of premium automobiles will carry around one gigabyte of binary code. The proposed US DDX submarine is e?ectively a ?oating embedded so- ware system, comprising 30 billion lines of code written in over 100 programming languages. Embedded software is expensive. Cost estimates are quoted at around US$15– 30 per line (from commencement to shipping). In the defense realm, costs can range up to $100, while for highly critical applications, such as the Space Shuttle, the cost per line approximates $1,000. In view of the exponential increase in complexity, the projected costs of future embedded software are staggering.
Complexity of Constraints : An Overview of Current Research Themes
This state-of-the-art survey contains the papers that were invited by the organizers after conclusion of an International Dagstuhl-Seminar on Complexity of Constraints, held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in October 2006.
Complex Systems in Biomedicine
Features contributions from several Italian research groups that are working on the field of biomedicine. Each chapter in this book deals with a specific subfield, with the aim of providing an overview of the subject and an account of the research results.
Compatible Spatial Discretizations
Compatible spatial discretizations are those that inherit or mimic fundamental properties of the PDE such as topology, conservation, symmetries, and positivity structures and maximum principles. It offer a snapshot of the current trends and developments in compatible spatial discretizations. The reader will find valuable insights on spatial compatibility from several different perspectives and important examples of applications compatible discretizations in computational electromagnetics, geosciences, linear elasticity, eigenvalue approximations and MHD. The contributions collected in this volume will help to elucidate relations between different methods and concepts and to generally advance our understanding of compatible spatial discretizations for PDEs.
Classification and Learning Using Genetic Algorithms : Applications in Bioinformatics and Web Intelligence
This book provides a unified framework that describes how genetic learning can be used to design pattern recognition and learning systems. The book is unique in the sense of describing how a search technique, the genetic algorithm, can be used for pattern classification mainly through approximating decision boundaries, and it demonstrates the effectiveness of the genetic classifiers vis-à-vis several widely used classifiers, including neural networks. It provides a balanced mixture of theories, algorithms and applications, and in particular results from the bioinformatics and Web intelligence domains.
Cephalopods Present and Past : New Insights and Fresh Perspectives
Cephalopods are diverse, highly developed molluscs capable of swimming and jet propulsion. These animals are an important component of present-day marine ecos- tems throughout the world and comprise approximately 900 species. They also have an extraordinary fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period, with as many as 10,000 extinct species. Throughout their long history, they have experienced sp- tacular radiations and near-total extinctions. Because of their superb fossil record, they also serve as ideal index fossils to subdivide geologic time. This book touches on many of these themes, and it treats both fossil and present-day cephalopods.
Case-Based Approximate Reasoning
Case-based reasoning (CBR) has received a great deal of attention in recent years and has established itself as a core methodology in the field of artificial intelligence. The key idea of CBR is to tackle new problems by referring to similar problems that have already been solved in the past. More precisely, CBR proceeds from individual experiences in the form of cases. The generalization beyond these experiences typically relies on a kind of regularity assumption demanding that 'similar problems have similar solutions'. Making use of different frameworks of approximate reasoning and reasoning under uncertainty, notably probabilistic and fuzzy set-based techniques, this book develops formal models of the above inference principle, which is fundamental to CBR. The case-based approximate reasoning methods thus obtained especially emphasize the heuristic nature of case-based inference and aspects of uncertainty in CBR. This way, the book contributes to a solid foundation of CBR which is grounded on formal concepts and techniques from the aforementioned fields. Besides, it establishes interesting relationships between CBR and approximate reasoning, which not only cast new light on existing methods but also enhance the development of novel approaches and hybrid systems.
Cálculo científico con MATLAB y Octave = Scientific computing with MATLAB and Octave
This textbook is an introduction to Scientific Calculus, illustrating various numerical methods for the computer solution of certain classes of mathematical problems. The authors show how to compute the zeros or integrals of continuous functions, solve linear systems, approximate functions by polynomials, and construct precise approximations for the solution of differential equations. To make the presentation concrete and attractive, the MATLAB programming environment has been adopted as a faithful companion.
Cálculo científico com MATLAB e Octave = Scientific calculus with MATLAB and Octave
Its objective is to present various numerical methods for solving certain mathematical problems on the computer that cannot be treated in a simpler way. Classical issues such as the computation of zeros or integrals of continuous functions, the solving of linear systems, the approximation of functions by polynomials and the construction of precise approximations for solutions of differential equations are addressed. All algorithms are presented in the programming languages MATLAB and Octave, whose main commands and instructions are introduced gradually, aiming in particular at their compatibility in both languages.
Calcolo Scientifico : Esercizi e problemi risolti con MATLAB e Octave = Scientific computing : exercises and problems solved with MATLAB and Octave
For the short courses of the new system of the Faculties of Engineering and Sciences. It deals with all the typical topics of Numerical Mathematics, ranging from the problem of approximating a function, to the computation of its zeros, its derivatives and its definite integral up to the approximate solution of ordinary differential equations and limit problems.
Brain Metastases
Brain metastases are the most dreaded complication of systemic cancer, affecting approximately 170,000 people a year, a far greater incidence than primary brain tumors. Advances in modern chemotherapy have led to an improved control of system cancers, often with agents that poorly penetrate the central nervous system, resulting in an increasing incidence of brain metastases. Traditional chemotherapy has had little impact on brain metastases. The main therapeutic option is radiation therapy, and in a small number of patients - surgery. However, refinements in all of these treatments offer some positive outcomes and an increased ability to stratify patients based on certain criteria.
Bayesian Networks and Decision Graphs
Probabilistic graphical models and decision graphs are powerful modeling tools for reasoning and decision making under uncertainty. As modeling languages they allow a natural specification of problem domains with inherent uncertainty, and from a computational perspective they support efficient algorithms for automatic construction and query answering. This includes belief updating, finding the most probable explanation for the observed evidence, detecting conflicts in the evidence entered into the network, determining optimal strategies, analyzing for relevance, and performing sensitivity analysis. The book introduces probabilistic graphical models and decision graphs, including Bayesian networks and influence diagrams.It contians two parts. The first part focuses on probabilistic graphical models. Compared with the previous book, the new edition also includes a thorough description of recent extensions to the Bayesian network modeling language, advances in exact and approximate belief updating algorithms, and methods for learning both the structure and the parameters of a Bayesian network. The second part deals with decision graphs, and in addition to the frameworks described in the previous edition, it also introduces Markov decision processes and partially ordered decision problems.
Atomic spectroscopy : Introduction to the theory of hyperfine structure
Atomic Spectroscopy provides a comprehensive discussion on the general approach to the theory of atomic spectra, based on the use of the Lagrangian canonical formalism. This approach is developed and applied to explain the hydrogenic hyperfine structure associated with the nucleus motion, its finite mass, and spin. The non-relativistic or relativistic, spin or spin-free particle approximations can be used as a starting point of general approach. The special attention is paid to the theory of Lamb shift formation. The formulae for hydrogenic spectrum including the account of Lamb shift are written in simple analytical form. The book is of interest to specialists, graduate and postgraduate students, who are involved into the experimental and theoretical research in the field of modern atomic spectroscopy.
Atlas of Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery
Atlas of Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery covers in detail the technical aspects of all important procedures of the upper abdomen (esophagus, duodenum, stomach, liver, biliary system, pancreas, portal hypertension and spleen) including general, oncologic and transplantation surgery. Each chapter has been written by an expert renowned in his or her field and been reviewed by a second expert. All of the approximately 900 illustrations have been drawn by the same team of three artists of notable experience. The liver section follows the internationally accepted terminology of the Brisbane 2000 conference of the IHPBA. In this atlas experts of upper abdominal surgery share their experience and show how they do it - step by step.
Asymptotic Analysis and Boundary Layers
Presents a new method of asymptotic analysis of boundary-layer problems, the Successive Complementary Expansion Method (SCEM). The first part is devoted to a general comprehensive presentation of the tools of asymptotic analysis. It gives the keys to understand a boundary-layer problem and explains the methods to construct an approximation. The second part is devoted to SCEM and its applications in fluid mechanics, including external and internal flows. The advantages of SCEM are discussed in comparison with the standard Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansions. In particular, for the first time, the theory of Interactive Boundary Layer is fully justified. With its chapter summaries, detailed derivations of results, discussed examples and fully worked out problems and solutions, the book is self-contained.
Artificial neural networks for the Modelling and Fault Diagnosis of Technical Processes
In this book, a wide spectrum of fault diagnosis techniques have been developed. A major category of fault diagnosis techniques is the model based one, where an analytical model of the plant to be monitored is assumed to be available.
Arithmetical investigations : Representation theory, orthogonal polynomials, and quantum interpolations
In this volume the author further develops his philosophy of quantum interpolation between the real numbers and the p-adic numbers. The p-adic numbers contain the p-adic integers Zp which are the inverse limit of the finite rings Z/pn. This gives rise to a tree, and probability measures w on Zp correspond to Markov chains on this tree. From the tree structure one obtains special basis for the Hilbert space L2(Zp,w). The real analogue of the p-adic integers is the interval [-1,1], and a probability measure w on it gives rise to a special basis for L2([-1,1],w) - the orthogonal polynomials, and to a Markov chain on "finite approximations" of [-1,1]. For special (gamma and beta) measures there is a "quantum" or "q-analogue" Markov chain, and a special basis, that within certain limits yield the real and the p-adic theories. This idea can be generalized variously. In representation theory, it is the quantum general linear group GLn(q)that interpolates between the p-adic group GLn(Zp), and between its real (and complex) analogue -the orthogonal On (and unitary Un )groups. There is a similar quantum interpolation between the real and p-adic Fourier transform and between the real and p-adic (local unramified part of) Tate thesis, and Weil explicit sums.
Architectural atmospheres : On the experience and politics of architecture
Addresses the growing awareness of the atmospheric dimension of architecture and provides a current, programmatic discussion of this topic. What possibilities does this approach open to architecture, what value does this knowledge have? Three essays and a conversation lead a cross-discipline discussion on the impact of architecture, and contribute to the debate first initiated by Peter Zumthor. The texts are accompanied by approximately forty color images that capture architectural moods in a variety of ways
Approximation, randomization, and combinatorial optimization algorithms and techniques ; 9th International Workshop on approximation algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems, APPROX 2006 and 10th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation, RANDOM 2006, Barcelona, Spain, August 28-30, 2006, Proceedings
This is the joint refereed proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems, APPROX 2006 and the 10th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation, RANDOM 2006. The book presents 44 carefully reviewed and revised full papers. Among the topics covered are design and analysis of approximation algorithms, hardness of approximation problems, small spaces and data streaming algorithms, embeddings and metric space methods, and more.
Approximation, randomization and combinatorial optimization. algorithms and techniques ; 8th international workshop on approximation algorithms for compinatorial optimization problems, APPROX 2005 and 9th international workshop on randomization and computation, RANDOM 2005, Berkeley, CA, USA, August 22-24, 2005, Proceedings
This volume contains the papers presented at the 8th International Workshopon Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems(APPROX 2005) and the 9th International Workshop on Randomization andComputation (RANDOM 2005), APPROX focuses on algorith-mic and complexity issues surrounding the development of efficient approximatesolutions to computationally hard problems, RANDOM isconcerned with applications of randomness to computational and combinatorialproblems, The volume contains 20 contributed papers selected by the APPROX Pro-gram
