الصفحة 8
الصفحة 8
Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route : Studies and Applications
Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route: Studies and Applications initially provides a history of the Northern Sea Route as an important strategic transport route for supporting the northern regions of Russia and cargo transportation between Europe and the Northern Pacific Basin. The authors then describe sea ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic Seas and, using microwave satellite data, provide a detailed analysis of difficult sea ice conditions. Remote sensing techniques and the basic principles of SAR image formation are described, as well as the major satellite radar systems used for ice studies in the Arctic. A study is provided of regional drifting ice, fast ice and river ice in the coastal areas of the Arctic Seas. The book concludes with a review of the practical experience using SAR images for supporting navigation and offshore industrial activity, based on a series of experiments conducted with the Murmansk Shipping Company on board nuclear icebreakers.
Regional Analysis and Policy : The Greek Experience
Regional development is attracting the attention of policy makers and scientists again, as regions, urban centers and rural areas, experience substantial pressures, particularly in Europe, as a consequence of globalization and geopolitical changes which lead to changes in spatial structures and dynamics. This book is based on the contributions of Greek regional science research presented at the 2006 Congress of the European Regional Science Association at Volos, Greece. The contributions selected to be presented in this book address these changes offering a fresh look into regional development. They provide an overview of regional development concerns from Greek regional scientists but the issues discussed pervade Greek particularities and stimulate thinking about regional science, regional development and regional policy in the early twenty-first century.
Reflections on African Cities in Transition : Selected Continental Experiences
Describes African cities in transition, and the economic, socio-political, and environmental challenges resulting from rapid post-colonial urbanization. As the African continent continues to transition from urban configurations inherited from colonial influences and history, it faces issues such as urban slum expansion, increased demands for energy and clean water, lack of adequate public transportation, high levels of inequality among different socio-economic population strata, and inadequate urban governance, planning, and policies. African cities in transition need to reconsider current policies and developmental trajectories to facilitate and sustain economic growth and Africa’s strategic repositioning in the world.
Reactive Transport in Soil and Groundwater : Processes and Models
Technologies for soil remediation require real knowledge and understanding of the processes involved and a correct and complete numerical approach in order to reach the best results at the lowest possible cost. The authors focus on the improvement of the scientific base for the development of integrated indicators of the environmental risks created by the presence of pollutants in water and porous media. They deliver insights into the understanding of integrated process, and also modeling capabilities. The establishment of a set of integrated indicators to evaluate the pollution status and risk of water resources will considerably aid environmental agencies, administrators and regulators and profit the society as a whole.
Reactive Flow, Diffusion and Transport ; From Experiments via Mathematical Modeling to Numerical Simulation and Optimization
The articles in this volume summarize the research results obtained in the former SFB 359 "Reactive Flow, Diffusion and Transport" which has been supported by the DFG over the period 1993-2004. The main subjects are physical-chemical processes sharing the difficulty of interacting diffusion, transport and reaction which cannot be considered separately. Typical examples are the chemical processes in flow reactors and in the catalytic combustion at surfaces. Further examples are models of star formation including diffusive mass transport, energy radiation and dust formation and the polluting transport in soil and waters. For these complex processes mathematical models are established and numerically simulated.
Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater Flow Systems
Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater Flow Systems is the first volume of its kind entirely focused on the geochemistry of the lanthanide series elements in groundwater / aquifer environments. Consisting of ten chapters, each of which is an original, peer-reviewed contribution by some of the leading researchers in the study of the low-temperature geochemistry of rare earth elements, the volume addresses analytical techniques, water-rock interactions, aqueous complexation, and the reactions/processes that influence these heavy metals along groundwater flow paths.
Railway ecology
The book is divided into two major parts: Part one offers a general review of the major conceptual and theoretical principles of railway ecology. The chapters consider the impacts of railways on wildlife populations and concentrate on four major topics: mortality, barrier effects, species invasions and disturbances (ranging from noise to chemical pollution). Part two focuses on a number of case studies from Europe, Asia and North America written by an international group of experts.
Railway Development : Impacts on Urban Dynamics
This book addresses the role of railways in urban development. The central aim is to inquire into how especially the development of high-speed rail and light rail links will affect European cities. The analyses are carried out with special attention given to the broader institutional environment of the railway system, including the shift toward privatised railway companies, internationalisation, the occurrence of market and government failures in land markets, and private-public partnerships in the development of railway station areas. The essence of the plans to invest in railway stations is that railway stations are not considered merely as nodes where people transfer from one vehicle to another, but also as places where spatial concentrations of high value activity are recognised as having a positive impact on cities.
Quantum Transport : Modelling, Analysis and Asymptotics — Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy September 11–16, 2006
The CIME Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy, in 2006 addressed researchers interested in the mathematical study of quantum transport models. In this volume, a result of the above mentioned Summer School, four leading specialists present different aspects of quantum transport modelling. Allaire introduces the periodic homogenization theory, with a particular emphasis on applications to the Schrödinger equation. Arnold focuses on several quantum evolution equations that are used for quantum semiconductor device simulations. Degond presents quantum hydrodynamic and diffusion models starting from the entropy minimization principle. Hou provides the state-of-the-art survey of the multiscale analysis, modelling and simulation of transport phenomena.
Quantum Theory of Magnetism : Magnetic Properties of Materials
This book provides a unified description of magnetic phenomena through means of the generalized susceptibility. The bulk of the book builds on this theoretical foundation to calculate the magnetic response to spatial and time-varying magnetic fields.
Quantum Statistics of Nonideal Plasmas
This book deals with the statistical theory of strongly coupled Coulomb systems. After an elementary introduction to the physics of nonideal plasmas, a presentation of the method of (nonequilibrium) Green's functions is given. On this basis, the dielectric, thermodynamic, transport, and relaxation properties are discussed systematically. Especially, the behavior of bound states in the surrounding plasma (lowering of the ionization energy), the ionization kinetics, and the equation of state of dense partially ionized hydrogen are each carefully investigated. Furthermore, generalized kinetic equations are derived which are also valid for short time scales. They are applied to ultra-fast processes and to plasmas in laser fields.
Quantum Kinetics in Transport and Optics of Semiconductors
Nanoscale miniaturization and femtosecond laser-pulse spectroscopy require a quantum mechanical description of the carrier kinetics that goes beyond the conventional Boltzmann theory. On these extremely short length and time scales the electrons behave like partially coherent waves. This monograph deals with quantum kinetics for transport in low-dimensional microstructures and for ultra-short laser pulse spectroscopy. The nonequilibrium Green function theory is described and used for the derivation of the quantum kinetic equations. Numerical methods for the solution of the retarded quantum kinetic equations are discussed and results are presented for high-field transport and for mesoscopic transport phenomena. Quantum beats, polarization decay, and non-Markovian behaviour are treated for femtosecond spectroscopy on a microscopic basis.
Quantum dots : A doorway to nanoscale pPhysics
Devoted to an introduction to some of these fascinating aspects, addressing in particular graduate students and young researchers in the field. In the first lecture by R. Shankar the general theoretical aspects of Fermi liquids are addressed, in particular the renormalization group approach. This is then aptly applied to large quantum dots. A completely different approach is encountered in the second contribution by J.M. Elzerman et al. in that it is a thorough experimental expose of what can be done or expected in the study of small quantum dots. Here the emphasis lies on the electron spin to be used as a qubit. In the third lecture series, by M. Pustilnik and Leonid I. Glazman mechanisms of low-temperature electronic transport through a quantum dot -- weakly coupled to two conducting leads -- are reviewed. The fourth series of lectures by C.W.J. Beenakker deals with a very interesting aspect of nanophysics: a peculiar property of superconducting mirrors discovered by Andreev about forty years ago and still a challenge to experimental physicists.
Quality Assurance for Chemistry and Environmental Science : Metrology from pH Measurement to Nuclear Waste Disposal
This book provides a basic overview over the relevant metrological concepts like traceability, ISO uncertainties or cause-and-effect diagrams. The applications described in great detail range from progression-of-error type evaluation of the measurement uncertainty budget to complex applications like pH measurement or speciation calculations for aqueous solutions. The consequences of a measurement uncertainty concept for chemical data are outlined for geochemical modeling applied to transport in the subsurface and to nuclear waste disposal. Special sections deal with the deficits of existing thermodynamic data for these applications and with the current position of chemical metrology in respect to other quality assurance measures, e.g. ISO 900x, GLP, European and U.S.-American standards.
Pumps, Transporters, and Ion Channels
A compilation of articles based on some of the talks given at theCentro de Estudios Cientificos (CECS) in Valdivia during the course of a celebration tomark the 60th birthdays of Ramon Latorre and Enrico Stefani.Ramon Latorre is one of the most outstanding figures in channel Biophysicstoday. The articles presented in this book concern interests of Ramon and Enricoduring their careers. They span from considerations as to why bacteria need ion channelsin their membranes to fine details of how conformational changes in the protein lead toion channel opening and closing. The importance of water channels in tissue physiologyto the control of excitability by ion channels and pumps. And from the cell biology of ionchannel sorting to their failure in disease states.The book is hereby dedicated to Ramon Latorre and Enrico Stefani, as homageas first class scientists, educators, innovators and, most importantly, best of friends.
Protein Movement Across Membranes
This book addresses the most recent advances in the transport of proteins across a variety of biological membranes. In addressing this topic, this volume includes several new twists not previously addressed in the literature. In the last few years, the study of protein translocation has been revolutionized by the availability of structural information on many of the components and complexes involved in the process. Unlike earlier books written on protein translocation, this volume considers these advances. In addition, several chapters discuss facets of protein translocation from a systems biology perspective, considered by many to be the next paradigm for biological study. Readers of this book will come away with a deeper understanding of the problems facing researchers of protein translocation and see how the most modern biological techniques and approaches are being recruited to answer those questions. The chapters are also written such that problems awaiting future investigation are clearly presented.
Project Design for Geomatics Engineers and Surveyors
1. Provides a simple guide for geomatics engineering projects using recent and advanced technologies. 2. Includes new content on spatial data collection using GIS, drones, and 3D digital modeling. 3. Covers professional standards, professional and ethical responsibilities, and policy, social, and environmental issues related. 4. Discusses project planning including scheduling and budgeting. 5. Features practical examples with solutions and explains new methods for planning, implementing, and monitoring engineering and mining surveying projects.
Progress in Turbulence 2 ; Proceedings of the iTi Conference in Turbulence 2005
Besides turbulence there is hardly any other scientific topic which has been considered as a prominent scientific challenge for such a long time. The special interest in turbulence is not only based on it being a difficult scientific problem but also on its meaning in the technical world and our daily life. This carefully edited book comprises recent basic research as well as research related to the applications of turbulence. Therefore, both leading engineers and physicists working in the field of turbulence were invited to the iTi Conference on Turbulence held in Bad Zwischenahn, Gemany 25th - 28th of September 2005. Discussed topics include, for example, scaling laws and intermittency, thermal convection, boundary layers at large Reynolds numbers, isotropic turbulence, stochastic processes, passive and active scalars, coherent structures, numerical simulations, and related subjects.
Progress in Turbulence
This book comprises recent basic research as well as research related to the applications of turbulence. Discussed topics include, for example, scaling laws and intermittency, thermal convection, boundary layers at large Reynolds numbers,...etc.
Progress in Nano-Electro-Optics VI : Nano-Optical Probing, Manipulation, Analysis, and Their Theoretical Bases
This volume focuses on nano-optical probing, manipulation, and analysis. It begins with recent developments in near-field optical spectroscopy that clarify quantum states at the nanoscale, followed by a theory for a photon-electron-phonon interacting system at the nanoscale. Further topics include: visible laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy exhibiting near-field effects; a practical nanofabrication method with optical near fields applied to a SHG device; a theory and experimental achievements on optical transport of nanoparticles, selectively manipulated by resonant radiation force. Taken as a whole, this overview will be a valuable resource for engineers and scientists working in the field of nano-electro-optics.
