الصفحة 77
الصفحة 77
Population Systems : A General Introduction
This book is concerned with the general principles and theories of population ecology, based on the idea that the rules governing the dynamics of populations are relatively simple, and that the rich behavior we observe in nature is a consequence of the structure of the system rather than of the complexity of the underlying rules. From this perspective, the dynamic behavior of single-species populations is examined and an elementary feedback model of the population system is developed. This single-species model is refined and generalized by examining the mechanisms of population regulation. Graphical procedures are developed for evaluating the behavior of populations inhabiting variable environments, which are then applied to the analysis of interactions between two species. Finally, spatial effects on population behavior and communities composed of many interacting species are examined.
Population Ageing and Economic Growth : Education Policy and Family Policy in a Model of Endogenous Growth
We review standard economic growth models concentrating on the relationship between population ageing and economic growth and develop a growth model with endogenous human capital and endogenous fertility. With this model we analyse the effects of education policy and family policy on economic growth. The main result for economic policy is that education policy boosts human capital and thus economic growth only in the short-term (i.e. during the transition phase towards the steady state). To boost economic growth in the long-term (i.e. when the economy has reached its steady state), it is necessary to employ family policy as this increases both the fertility rate and the time individuals spend accumulating human capital. The main result for economic growth theory is that steady state economic growth is not possible when population is ageing. Steady state growth is only possible if the age structure of the population is constant.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone Excipients for Pharmaceuticals : Povidone, Crospovidone and Copovidone
The book describes the properties, analytical methods and the applications of different polyvinylpyrrolidone excipients (povidone, crospovidone, copovidone etc.) for use in pharmaceutical preparations. This group of excipients is one of the most important excipients used in modern technology to produce drugs. The book is intended for all persons working in the research, development and quality control of drugs. It gives a survey of all applications in solid, liquid and semisolid dosage forms including many drug formulation examples and more than 600 references to the literature.
Polysaccharides I : Structure, Characterisation and Use
This book contains five chapters, which are well written and should be of use to both nonexpert and expert readers. … The chapters are fairly up-to-date with references to papers published in 2004, and the abbreviations and terminology within are clearly defined making these chapters quite readable for researchers interested in undertaking their first studies on these important polysaccharides. … In summary, this book should be useful to scientists and engineers working with polysaccharides, the topics discussed focus on: hemicelluloses, bioactive pectic polysaccharides, cellulose esters synthesized via homogeneous conversions, chitin, and the modern analytical ultracentrifugation of polysaccharides. Although in terms of material design, cellulose and starch will always appear near the top of any list of polysaccharides, it is the editors opinion that consideration of the whole range of polysaccharides available is necessary to allow full advantage to be taken of this fascinating class of biopolymers.
Polynomial Representations of GL_n : With an Appendix on Schensted Correspondence and Littelmann Paths
Contains the text of the first edition of LNM volume 830, Polynomial Representations of GLn. This classic account of matrix representations, the Schur algebra, the modular representations of GLn,The second half is an Appendix, and can be read independently of the first. It is an account of the Littelmann path model for the case gln. In this case, Littelmann's 'paths' become 'words', and so the Appendix works with the combinatorics on words. This leads to the repesentation theory of the 'Littelmann algebra', which is a close analogue of the Schur algebra.
Polynomial and Rational Matrices : Applications in Dynamical Systems Theory
Matrices are effective tools for the modelling and analysis of dynamical systems. Professor Kaczorek gives an overview of new results in the application of polynomial and rational matrices to continuous- and discrete-time systems. The book is self-contained, beginning with important basics such as the Cayley–Hamilton theorem and definitions and elementary operations of polynomial and rational matrices and moving on to cover such topics as: Normal matrices (including their realisation); rational and algebraic polynomial matrix equations / perfect observers for and realisation of linear systems; and / new results on positive linear discrete- and continuous-time systems with delays.
Polymorphism in the pharmaceutical industry : Solid form and drug development
Highlights the relevance of polymorphism in modern pharmaceutical chemistry, with a focus on quality by design (QbD) concepts. It covers all important issues by way of case studies, ranging from properties and crystallization, via thermodynamics, analytics and theoretical modelling right up to patent issues. The book underscores the importance of solid-state chemistry within chemical and pharmaceutical development. It emphasizes why solid-state issues are important, the approaches needed to avoid problems and the opportunities offered by solid-state properties. The authors include true polymorphs as well as solvates and hydrates, while providing information on physicochemical properties, crystallization thermodynamics, quantum-mechanical modelling, and up-scaling. Important analytical tools to characterize solid-state forms and to quantify mixtures are summarized, and case studies on solid-state development processes in industry are also provided.
Polymer Engineering Science and Viscoelasticity : An Introduction
Polymer Engineering Science and Viscoelasticity: An Introduction provides a unified mechanics and materials perspective on polymers: both the mathematics of viscoelasticity theory, as well as the physical mechanisms behind polymer deformation processes. Written for advanced seniors seeking graduate level courses, first and second year graduate students and practicing engineers, this volume describes the relationship between mechanical properties and the basic molecular structure and mechanisms associated with the performance of structures made from polymer based materials.
Polymer Composites : From Nano- to Macro-Scale
This multi-author volume provides a useful summary of updated knowledge on polymer composites, practically integrating experimental studies, theoretical analyses and computational modeling at different scales, i.e. from nano- to macro- scale. Detailed consideration is given to four major areas: Part I deals with the structure and properties of nanocomposites. Part II focuses on some special characterization methods and modeling in the field of polymer composites. Processing and applications of macrocomposites makes up Part III, and Part IV deals with mechanical performance of macrocomposoites.
Polyfluorenes
With this collection of short review papers we would like to present a broad overview of research on poly?uorenes and related heteroanalogues over the last two decades. The collection begins with papers on the synthesis of po- ?uorenesandrelatedpolyheteroarenes, thenreportsphotophysicalproperties of this class of conjugated polymers both at the ensemble and the single chain level, continues with a discussion of the rich solid state structures of poly?uorenes, and ?nally switches to device applications (e.g. in OLEDs). In addition, two chapters are devoted to de?ned oligo?uorenesas lowmolecular weight model systems forpoly?uorenes and also to degradation studies.
Pollution atmosphérique : Des processus à la modélisation = Atmospheric pollution: From processes to modeling
Air quality, greenhouse effect, ozone hole, chemical or nuclear accidents ... All of these subjects have in common that they are closely linked to the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The aim of this work is to provide the main elements for understanding "atmospheric pollution". What are the issues? What are the physical processes involved? What role does scientific expertise, based in particular on modeling, play in decision support?
Policymaking for a Good Society : The Social Fabric Matrix Approach to Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation
Written for students of policy science and analysts with policy making responsibilities who want to understand how to solve social and ecological problems with an integrated systems approach. It describes a method that gives analysts the ability to combine knowledge of social, technological, and ecological systems in order to model real-world complexities that will lead to desirable outcomes.The author had designed a unique methodology – the social fabric matrix (SFM) – that encourages relevant questions; defines and models a whole that transcends system components and describes their relationship; includes cultural values, social beliefs, and institutional rules; identifies system feedback loops
Policies and Research in Identity Management ; 1st IFIP WG11.6 Working Conference on Policies and Research in Identity Management (IDMAN'07), RSM Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, October 11-12, 2007
The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The scope of the series includes: foundations of computer science; software theory and practice; education; computer applications in technology; communication systems; systems modeling and optimization; information systems; computers and society; computer systems technology; security and protection in information processing systems; artificial intelligence; and human-computer interaction. Proceedings and post-proceedings of refereed international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research.
Police policy shifts after 9/11 : From community policing to homeland security : A New York case study
Addresses the impact of the September 11th terror attacks on funded programs in policing. Comparing New York City's policing, community policing, and homeland security programs, this brief examines twenty-four years of federal grants to identify shifts in policy. Using focusing events and moral panic theories, it posits that 9/11 served as a catalyst to change public policy, moving policing programs in the direction of homeland security. With a before-after-study design, this volume empirically assesses policy shifts to better understand the influence of events and of funding on policing models.
Polarization Optics in Telecommunications
The strong investments into optical telecommunications in the late 1990s resulted in a wealth of new research, techniques, component designs, and understanding of polarization effects in fiber. Polarization Optics in Telecommunications brings together recent advances in the field to create a standard, practical reference for component designers and optical fiber communication engineers. Beginning with a sound foundation in electromagnetism, the author offers a dissertation of the spin-vector formalism of polarization and the interaction of light with media. Applications discussed include optical isolators, optical circulators, fiber collimators, and a variety of applied waveplate and prism combinations. Also included in an extended discussion of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), their representation, behavior, statistical properties, and measurement. This book draws extensively from the technical and patent literature and is an up-to-date reference for researchers and component designers in industry and academia.
Polarization Mode Dispersion
This book contains a series of tutorial essays on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) by the leading experts in the field. It starts with an introductory review of the basic concepts and continues with more advanced topics, including a thorough review of PMD mitigation techniques. Topics covered include mathematical representation of PMD, how to properly model PMD in numerical simulations, how to accurately measure PMD and other related polarization effects, and how to infer fiber properties from polarization measurements. It includes discussions of other polarization effects such as polarization-dependent loss and the interaction of PMD with fiber nonlinearity. It additionally covers systems issues like the impact of PMD on wavelength division multiplexed systems. This book is intended for research scientists or engineers who wish to become familiar with PMD and its system impacts.
Polarization and Moment Tensors : With Applications to Inverse Problems and Effective Medium Theory
Presents important recent developments in mathematical and computational methods used in impedance imaging and the theory of composite materials. The methods involved come from various areas of pure and applied mathematics, such as potential theory, PDEs, complex analysis, and numerical methods. The unifying thread in this book is the use of generalized polarization and moment tensors.The main approach is based on modern layer potential techniques. By augmenting the theory with interesting practical examples and numerical illustrations.
Polar Organometallic Reagents : Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications
Polar Organometallic Reagents provides a critical overview of developments in the field of modern polar organometallic chemistry. With a particular focus on the emergent area of synergic heterometallic reagents, this timely volume describes our attempts to understand recently developed polar organometallics and their application in a range of new directions.
Points fixes, zéros et la méthode de Newton = Fixed points, zeros and Newton's method
This work is devoted to the fixed points of differentiable applications, to the zeros of non-linear systems and to Newton's method. It is aimed at masters students or preparing for the aggregation of mathematics and confirmed researchers. The first part is devoted to the method of successive approximations and confronts a “dynamical systems” point of view (Grobman-Hartman theorems, of the stable manifold) with examples resulting from numerical analysis. The second part of this work presents Newton's method and its most recent developments (Smale's alpha theory, under- or over-determined systems). It presents a new approach to this subject and a set of original results published for the first time in a French-language work. This is an advanced text on fixed points, zeros of nonlinear systems and the Newton method. Its first part, devoted to fixed points, includes the Grobman-Hartman and the stable manifold theorems. The second part describes the Newton method from a modern point of view: Smale's alpha theory, underdetermined and overdetermined systems of equations. These results are illustrated by various examples from numerical analysis.
Point Process Theory and Applications : Marked Point and Piecewise Deterministic Processes
Offers a mathematically rigorous exposition of the basic theory of marked point processes developing randomly over time, and shows how this theory may be used to treat piecewise deterministic stochastic processes in continuous time. The focus is on point processes that generate only finitely many points in finite time intervals, resulting in piecewise deterministic processes with "few jumps". The point processes are constructed from scratch with detailed proofs and their distributions characterized using compensating measures and martingale structures. Piecewise deterministic processes are defined and identified with certain marked point processes, which are then used in particular to construct and study a large class of piecewise deterministic Markov processes, whether time homogeneous or not. The second part of the book addresses applications of the just developed theory. This analysis of various models in applied statistics and probability includes examples and exercises in survival analysis, branching processes, ruin probabilities, sports (soccer), finance and risk management (arbitrage and portfolio trading strategies), and queueing theory.
