الصفحة 72
الصفحة 72
Inflationary Cosmology
Some 25 years after the birth of inflationary cosmology this volume sets out to provide a both authoritative and pedagogical introduction and review of the state of the field. Cosmic inflation corresponds to an episode of accelerated expansion of the very early universe and solves nicely a collection of puzzles that had plagued standard cosmology so far.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease : From Bench to Bedside
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside is a detailed and comprehensive story of the local and systemic pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation including management strategies. Research advances and current concepts of etiopathogenesis in the context of what is already known of the clinicopathologic features of these disorders are explored. This volume blends recent advances in the basic and clinical sciences as they relate to inflammatory bowel disease and emphasizes the effectiveness of a team approach of basic scientists and clinician investigators in this field.
Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Diseases : The COX-2 Controversy
In this book, a worldwide panel of leading experts discuss the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of major chronic diseases and the current controversy regarding risk versus benefit of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors.
Inflammation and natural products ; 1st ed.
Brings together research in the area of the natural products and their anti-inflammatory action in medical, nutraceutical and food products, addressing specific chronic inflammatory diseases like cancer and the mechanistic aspects of the mode of action of some key natural products. Inflammation is a complicated process, driven by infection or injury or genetic changes, which results in triggering signalling cascades, activation of transcription factors, gene expression, increased levels of inflammatory enzymes, and release of various oxidants and pro-inflammatory molecules in inflammatory cells. Excessive oxidants and inflammatory mediators have a harmful effect on normal tissue, including toxicity, loss of barrier function, abnormal cell proliferation, inhibiting normal function of tissues and organs and finally leading to systemic disorders. The emerging development of natural product formulations utilizing the unique anti-inflammatory compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, terpenes, fatty acids, proteins and several other bioactive components has shown notable successes.
Infinite matrices and their finite sections : An introduction to the limit operator method
In this book we are concerned with the study of a certain class of infinite matrices and two important properties of them: their Fredholmness and the stability of the approximation by their finite truncations. Let us take these two properties as a starting point for the big picture that shall be presented in what follows. Stability Fredholmness We think of our infinite matrices as bounded linear operators on a Banach space E of two-sided infinite sequences.The class of operators we are interested in consists of those bounded and linear operatorson E which can be approximated in the operator norm by b and matrices. We refer to them as band-dominated operators. Of course, these considerations 2 are not limited to the space E = . We will widen the selection of the underlying space E in three directions: p
Infinite groups : geometric, combinatorial and dynamical aspects
This book offers a panorama of recent advances in the theory of infinite groups. It contains survey papers contributed by leading specialists in group theory and other areas of mathematics. Topics addressed in the book include amenable groups, Kaehler groups, automorphism groups of rooted trees, rigidity, C*-algebras, random walks on groups, pro-p groups, Burnside groups, parafree groups, and Fuchsian groups. The accent is put on strong connections between group theory and other areas of mathematics, such as dynamical systems, geometry, operator algebras, probability theory, and others.
Infinite Dimensional Analysis : A Hitchhiker's Guide
This new edition of The Hitchhiker’s Guide has bene?tted from the comments of many individuals, which have resulted in the addition of some new material, and the reorganization of some of the rest. The most obvious change is the creation of a separate Chapter 7 on convex analysis. Parts of this chapter appeared in elsewhere in the second edition, but much of it is new to the third edition. In particular, there is an expanded discussion of support points of convex sets, and a new section on subgradients of convex functions.
Inference for change point and post change means after a CUSUM test
This monograph is the first to systematically study the bias of estimators and construction of corrected confidence intervals for change-point and post-change parameters after a change is detected by using a CUSUM procedure. Researchers in change-point problems and sequential analysis, time series and dynamic systems, and statistical quality control will find that the methods and techniques are mostly new and can be extended to more general dynamic models where the structural and distributional parameters are monitored. Practitioners, who are interested in applications to quality control, dynamic systems, financial markets, clinical trials and other areas, will benefit from case studies based on data sets from river flow, accident interval, stock prices, and global warming. Readers with an elementary probability and statistics background and some knowledge of CUSUM procedures will be able to understand most results as the material is relatively self-contained.The exponential family distribution is used as the basic model that includes changes in mean, variance, and hazard rate as special cases. There are fundamental differences between the sequential sampling plan and fixed sample size. Although the results are given under the CUSUM procedure, the methods and techniques discussed provide new approaches to deal with inference problems after sequential change-point detection, and they also contribute to the theoretical aspects of sequential analysis. Many results are of independent interests and can be used to study random walk related stochastic models.
Inference Control in Statistical Databases : From Theory to Practice
Inference control in statistical databases, also known as statistical disclosure limitation or statistical confidentiality, is about finding tradeoffs to the tension between the increasing societal need for accurate statistical data and the legal and ethical obligation to protect privacy of individuals and enterprises which are the source of data for producing statistics. Techniques used by intruders to make inferences compromising privacy increasingly draw on data mining, record linkage, knowledge discovery, and data analysis and thus statistical inference control becomes an integral part of computer science. This coherent state-of-the-art survey presents some of the most recent work in the field. The papers presented together with an introduction are organized in topical sections on tabular data protection, microdata protection, and software and user case studies.
Infectious disease : A very short introduction
Provides a conceptual framework for thinking about disease. Ecology and evolution provide the keys to answering the ‘where’ / ‘why’ / ‘how’ / and ‘what’ questions about any particular infectious disease: where did it come from? How is it transmitted from one person to another / and why are some individuals more susceptible than others? What biochemical / ecological / and evolutionary strategies can be used to combat the disease? Is it more effective to block transmission at the population level / or to block infection at the individual level? Through a series of case studies / Benjamin Bolker and Marta L. Wayne introduce the major ideas of infectious disease in a clear and thoughtful way / emphasizing the general principles of infection / the management of outbreaks / and the evolutionary and ecological approaches that are now central to much research about infectious disease.
Infections à papillomavirus : État des connaissances, pratiques et prévention vaccinale = Human papillomavirus infections : Current knowledge, practices and vaccination prevention
The impact of papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considerable. More than one in two women has been exposed to HPV in her lifetime and around 10% will develop a chronic infection. Of these, 20% will develop cervical cancer in the absence or failure of screening. In France, high-risk HPV infection causes 80,000 precancerous lesions, 3,400 cervical cancers and the death of 1,000 women every year. Smear screening performed at a regular rate and according to quality standards has resulted in a significant decrease in incidence and mortality over the past 20 years. However, despite this considerable success, the so-called preventable disease has not been eradicated; testing is a complex process that only benefits part of the population while those who benefit endure its weaknesses. Optimization of screening and treatment is now made possible by the use of innovative techniques including the smear in liquid suspension, the HPV test, and soon viral genotyping and molecular markers guaranteeing maximum protection. Because cervical cancer is the result of chronic HPV infection, we already have the extraordinary chance to prevent it with a prophylactic vaccine. This progress will have a major impact on our practices as it happens in a poorly prepared medico-sociological environment. This resolutely practical and educational book provides an overview of knowledge and perspectives on HPV infection and its associated pathologies while deciphering the new challenges and practices in the vaccine era.
Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit
Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit has been entirely rewritten in this second edition. All statements are justified by the best available evidence, avoiding unsubstantiated expert opinion. The book contains a new section dedicated to the microbiology of the critically ill, specifically, how to process and interpret surveillance cultures to distinguish the ‘normal’ from the ‘abnormal’ carrier state. There are five totally new chapters dealing with evidence-based infection control molecular techniques for outbreak analysis; clinical virology in neonatal, paediatric and adult intensive care; the six basic principles of the therapy of an infection; and the role of the pharmacist in infection control. Attention is given to special topics such as nutrition, gut mucosal protection and the control of antimicrobial resistance. The addition of enteral to parenteral antimicrobials contributes to the control of multi-resistant micro-organisms. This completely revised second edition is a ‘must have’ for anyone requiring in depth knowledge in the ever expanding field of infection control.
Infection control in the dental office : A global perspective
This book reviews the principles of infection control and the guidelines and standards of care in multiple countries, discussing them within the context of the practice of dentistry. The aim is to enable dental practitioners to ensure that the appropriate measures are adopted for each patient contact, thereby minimizing the risk of transmission of infection – a goal that is becoming ever more important given the threats posed by new or re-emerging infectious diseases and drug-resistant infections.
Infection control in primary dental care
This book is an easy-to-use guide to all aspects of infection control and decontamination that will support the implementation of effective measures for risk reduction in dental practice.
Infection control and management of hazardous materials for the dental team
Comprehensive coverage looks at infection control and prevention from the perspective of all dental team members. Easy-to-follow, step-by-step procedures are provided for skills that dental team members must master, each presented with a goal, materials, chronological steps, and rationales for the performance of each step. Review questions ensure your comprehension of the material and provide practice for classroom and board examinations. Key terms begin each chapter and are highlighted within text discussions and defined in a back-of-book glossary. Chapter learning objectives help you set goals for what you will accomplish and serve as checkpoints for comprehension and study tools in preparation for examinations.
Infection and Local Treatment in Orthopedic Surgery
The management of orthopedic infection is an area of growing importance in orthopedic surgery. This text provides a complete overview from basic research to clinical application and future perspectives in the treatment of orthopedic infection emphasising the role of local therapy. The unprecedented collection of experiences of the major experts in the field supplies the reader with long-awaited guidelines for treatment. Covering the various approaches to the treatment of orthopedic infections.
Inevitable Aging? : Contributions to Evolutionary-Demographic Theory
Aging is inevitable: this is gerontological dogma. And humans do inevitably grow old, which is probably why it seems so unlikely to us that other forms of life could escape aging. Escaping aging is not escaping death. Death is an inherent part of life, and it can strike any time. But the question is whether death necessarily becomes more likely as life proceeds. And it does not. The theoretical results in this monograph indicate that life provides alternative strategies. While some organisms will deteriorate over adult ages, for others mortality appears to fall or remain constant, at least over an extended period of life after reproductive maturity. This is empirically observed especially for species that keep on growing during adult ages. Perhaps the diversity of aging matches the diversity of life. My thesis, the central insight of this monograph, is: to deeply understand why some species age it is necessary to understand why other species do not.
Inelastic Light Scattering of Semiconductor Nanostructures : Fundamentals and Recent Advances
Semiconductor nanostructures are a field of enormous and still-growing research interest. On one hand, they are already realized in mass products, e.g., in high-electron-mobility field-effect transistors and quantum-well lasers. On the other hand, they allow, in specially tailored systems, the investigation of fundamental properties, such as many-particle interactions of electrons in reduced dimensions. This book attempts to fill the gap between general semiconductor textbooks and research articles. It provides (i) an introduction into the basic concepts of inelastic light scattering on semiconductor nanostructures and into their fabrication and basic properties, and, (ii) a description of the most striking recent advances in this field. Each chapter is as self-contained as possible.
Industry 4.0 for SMEs : Challenges, opportunities and requirements
This book explores the concept of Industry 4.0, which presents a considerable challenge for the production and service sectors. While digitization initiatives are usually integrated into the central corporate strategy of larger companies, smaller firms often have problems putting Industry 4.0 paradigms into practice. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) possess neither the human nor financial resources to systematically investigate the potential and risks of introducing Industry 4.0. Addressing this obstacle, the international team of authors focuses on the development of smart manufacturing concepts, logistics solutions and managerial models specifically for SMEs. Aiming to provide methodological frameworks and pilot solutions for SMEs during their digital transformation, this innovative and timely book will be of great use to scholars researching technology management, digitization and small business, as well as practitioners within manufacturing companies.
Industrial Project Management : Planning, Design, and Construction
This book describes – in a precise but practical way – the most recent principles and techniques of project management, at the highest international standards, with a fully company-wide, process-based, multi-project approach. It is unique because of the integration of project management fundamentals with the practices of international contracting, which characterize planning, design and construction of large works (such as plants and machinery) in the industrial sectors. The rigorous academic approach is mixed with the managerial contribution of Danieli, one of the largest worldwide suppliers of equipment and plants to the metals industry. The project management of the latter is described alongside how it can be effectively applied to win and manage large international contracts.
