الصفحة 7
الصفحة 7
NPY Family of Peptides in Neurobiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders : from Genes to Therapeutics
The NPY-family of peptides encompasses several groups of neurotransmitters and hormones, which exert diverse biological and pathological actions that bear on all major vital systems. This book is a unique compilation of the most recent breakthroughs in NPY/PYY neurobiology, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The identification of multiple receptors for the members of the NPY and PYY family of peptides provides new opportunities for discovery of specific NPY antagonists and agonists that have vast clinical potential. The recognition of the role of NPY in stimulation of food intake has already resulted in discovery of potent and selective NPY receptor Y-5 antagonists, which are in clinical development for obesity. NPY Y1 receptor antagonists are targeted for cardiovascular indications. Research into the multiple functions of NPY and its receptors in neurological and affective disorders is also actively pursued. The chapters in this book are written by internationally renowned experts with the objective to synthesize leading concepts and data in support for translational medicine.
Novel Trends in Brain Science : Brain Imaging, Learning and Memory, Stress and Fear, and Pain
With the development of neural science, knowledge of the molecules and neurons that comprise the brain has increased exponentially in the past two decades. In Novel Trends in Brain Science, leading neuroscientists from Japan and Taiwan describe the latest and most relevant research in brain science, including state-of-the-art brain-imaging technologies such as fMRI, MR-DTI, TMS, and MEG, and also discuss learning, memory, emotions, and pain. With a wide range of contributors, the book presents valuable insights into functional neuroimaging, white matter tractography, synaptic plasticity, emoti.
Novel Optical Resolution Technologies
After theend ofthe 20th century, the science ofcrystallizationreached a truly exciting stage where new opportunities emerged in both theory and expe- ment. Variousphysical methodsare capable of resolving the surface as wellas the insid estructure of crystalsat the atomiclevel while newhigh-performance computing resourcesafford thecapability of modeling the complexlarge-scale alignments necessary to simulatecrystallizationinrealsystems. Asaresult, the science of crystallization has shifted gradually fromstatic to dynamic science and considerable progress now underlies the complex but beautiful cryst- lization process.The vastpotential ofcrystallizationasan- portant feld ofscience isfar beyondthesimple technologyofpharmaceutical industries during the 20th century.
Novel mouse model for future autism research
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a deficit in social behaviors and nonverbal interactions such as reduced eye contact, facial expression, and body gestures in the first 3 years of life. It is not a single disorder, and it is broadly considered to be a multi-factorial disorder resulting from genetic and non-genetic risk factors and their interaction. Genetic studies of ASD have identified mutations that interfere with typical neurodevelopment in utero through childhood. These complexes of genes have been involved in synaptogenesis and axon motility. Recent developments in neuroimaging studies have provided many important insights into the pathological changes that occur in the brain of patients with ASD in vivo. Especially, the role of amygdala, a major component of the limbic system and the affective loop of the cortico-striatothalamo-cortical circuit, in cognition and ASD has been proved in numerous neuropathological and neuroimaging studies.
Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Chinese Medicines
Describes the essential and cutting-edge concepts based on the frontier of pharmaceutical research in TCM, underlying scientific principles, and current advancements of drug delivery systems for Chinese medicines, including sustained-release drug delivery systems, trans-nasal drug delivery systems, dermal and transdermal drug delivery systems, etc. Novel carriers and emerging technologies (such as 3D printing) are also covered. The book provides readers with an overall picture of drug delivery systems for Chinese medicines and also yields benefits for the pharmaceutical industry with regard to TCM-based drug development.
Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower
This book presents (selected) new and innovative developments for sustainable and fish-friendly hydropower. It offers unique insights into the challenges, practices and policies of hydropower developments across 8 European countries, providing examples from on-site studies and European-wide analyses. The case studies throughout the book are practical “real-world” examples, which are intended to serve as inspiration for anyone who would like to know more about how solutions for more sustainable hydropower production can be designed and implemented. Hydropower is an important renewable energy source, which, however, can also impact aquatic ecosystems, fish populations and hydro-morphology. EU and national water, environmental and energy legislation strive for sustainable energy and water resource management as well as the protection of important habitats and species. These have an effect on the requirements and decision making processes for hydropower planning, commissioning and operation. With a high variety of measures existing and site-specific conditions as well as national and EU level legal requirements to consider, it can be difficult to determine, what issues to address and which measures to implement.
Novel Carrier Systems for Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery
Presents novel carrier systems for the targeted and controlled drug delivery for the treatment of various diseases which are difficult to be treated with conventional drug delivery systems like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and emerging infectious diseases. It also reviews the origins and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer systems and polymer therapeutics such as polymer-protein and polymer-drug conjugates. The book also explores the potential applications of the parenteral route of administration for the delivery of active pharmaceutical substances with a narrow therapeutic index and poor bioavailability. Further, the book presents common routes of administration for the systemic delivery of peptides and proteins. It also examines the applications of various implantable systems in drug delivery. The book also covers the important colloidal drug delivery systems, including liposomes and niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.
Novel Biotechnologies for Biocontrol Agent Enhancement and Management
This multidisciplinary group, having backgrounds in the diff- ent aspects of biotechnologies (transgenic enhancement, molecular biology, formulation, genetics, risk assessment, new technology, biochemistry, and physiology), presented highly advanced lectures during the 10-day-ASI, in order to allow students to improve their capability to enhance and manage - ological control agents. This approach will allow ASI attendees to bring new ideas, new approaches, or new methodologies coming from different ?elds of application to their own ?eld of expertise.
Novel algorithms and techniques In telecommunications, automation and industrial electronics
Novel Algorithms and Techniques in Telecommunications, Automation and Industrial Electronics includes a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of Industrial Electronics, Technology & Automation, Telecommunications and Networking.
Nostalgia and Hope : Intersections between Politics of Culture, Welfare, and Migration in Europe
This book shows how the politics of migration affect community building in the 21st century, drawing on both retrogressive and progressive forms of mobilization. It elaborates theoretically and shows empirically how the two master frames of nostalgia and hope are used in local, national and transnational settings, in and outside conventional forms of doing politics.
Normal Development of Voice in Children : Advances in Evidence-Based Standards
With updated acoustical measures of voice profiles (phonetograms, the audiogram of the voice) and the fundamental frequency of the tone range, new standards have been reached . In particular, the comparison to normal pediatric and hormonal development highlights the statistical scientific validity of voice parameters. The relation to hormones and the predictive values for voice development open new and interesting perspectives for experts. This book offers valuable insight into acoustical, physiological and biological measures that compare boys and girls and are based on prospective and stratified studies.
Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants : A Concise Guide
An essential guide to the medical treatment of thrombosis and presents core principles of anticoagulant therapeutics as well as drug recommendations. Written by recognized experts in the field, this concise, accessible handbook provides a unique and valuable resource in the cardiovascular field, both for those currently in training, and for those already in clinical or research practice.
Non-viral Gene Therapy: Gene Design and Delivery
The development of gene medicine based on the concept of molecular therapy has opened new medical horizons. Among the many techniques in gene medicine, gene design and delivery are especially significant in clinical applications. This book presents state-of-the-art information on non-viral gene-delivery techniques, covering a broad spectrum of disciplines that include chemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and pharmacokinetics
Non-Surgical Control of Periodontal Diseases : A Comprehensive Handbook
Designed for practicing dental clinicians and students, which includes dental hygienists, general dentists, periodontists, and students of dental hygiene and dentistry who are responsible for treating patients with a broad spectrum of periodontal diseases.
Nonsmooth Variational Problems and their Inequalities : Comparison Principles and Applications
The main purpose of this book is to provide a systematic and unified exposition of comparison principles based on a suitably extended sub-supersolution method. This method is an effective and flexible technique to obtain existence and comparison results of solutions. Also, it can be employed for the investigation of various qualitative properties, such as location, multiplicity and extremality of solutions. In the treatment of the problems under consideration a wide range of methods and techniques from nonlinear and nonsmooth analysis is applied, a brief outline of which has been provided in a preliminary chapter in order to make the book self-contained.
Nonsmooth Mechanics and Analysis : Theoretical and Numerical Advances
Nonsmooth mechanics concerns mechanical situations with possible nondifferentiable relationships, eventually discontinuous, as unilateral contact, dry friction, collisions, plasticity, damage, and phase transition. The basis of the approach consists in dealing with such problems without resorting to any regularization process. Indeed, the nonsmoothness is due to simplified mechanical modeling; a more sophisticated model would require too large a number of variables, and sometimes the mechanical information is not available via experimental investigations. Therefore, the mathematical formulation becomes nonsmooth; regularizing would only be a trick of arithmetic without any physical justification. Nonsmooth analysis was developed, especially in Montpellier, to provide specific theoretical and numerical tools to deal with nonsmoothness. It is important not only in mechanics but also in physics, robotics, and economics.
Nonparametric Monte Carlo Tests and Their Applications
A fundamental issue in statistical analysis is testing the fit of a particular probability model to a set of observed data. Monte Carlo approximation to the null distribution of the test provides a convenient and powerful means of testing model fit. Nonparametric Monte Carlo Tests and Their Applications proposes a new Monte Carlo-based methodology to construct this type of approximation Every chapter of the book includes algorithms, simulations, and theoretical deductions. The prerequisites for a full appreciation of the book are a modest knowledge of mathematical statistics and limit theorems in probability,empirical process theory.
Nonparametric Functional Data Analysis : Theory and Practice
Modern apparatuses allow us to collect samples of functional data, mainly curves but also images. On the other hand, nonparametric statistics produces useful tools for standard data exploration. This book links these two fields of modern statistics by explaining how functional data can be studied through parameter-free statistical ideas. This book starts from theoretical foundations including functional nonparametric modeling, description of the mathematical framework, construction of the statistical methods, and statements of their asymptotic behaviors. It proceeds to computational issues including R and S-PLUS routines. Several functional datasets in chemometrics, econometrics, and pattern recognition are used to emphasize the wide scope of nonparametric functional data analysis in applied sciences. The companion Web site includes R and S-PLUS routines, command lines for reproducing examples presented in the book, and the functional datasets. Rather than set application against theory, this book is really an interface of these two features of statistics. A special effort has been made in writing this book to accommodate several levels of reading.
Non-negative Matrices and Markov Chains
This book is a photographic reproduction of the book of the same title published in 1981, for which there has been continuing demand on account of its accessible technical level. Its appearance also helped generate considerable subsequent work on inhomogeneous products of matrices. This printing adds an additional bibliography on coefficients of ergodicity and a list of corrigenda.
Non-Native Language Teachers : Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession
Now that non-natives are increasingly found teaching languages, and particularly English, both in ESL and EFL contexts, the identification of their specific contributions and their main strengths has become more relevant than ever.As a result, there has recently been a surge of interest in the role of non-native teachers but little empirical research has been published so far. This volume is particularly rich in providing different approaches to the study of non-native teachers: NNS teachers as seen by students, teachers, graduate supervisors, and by themselves. It also contributes little explored perspectives, like classroom discourse analysis, or a social-psychological framework to discuss conceptions of NNS teachers.
