الصفحة 65
الصفحة 65
Chernobyl - What Have We Learned? : The Successes and Failures to Mitigate Water Contamination Over 20 Years
Twenty million people have been exposed to Chernobyl radionuclides through the Dnieper River aquatic pathways. This book presents a 20-year historical overview and comprehensive study results of the aquatic environment affected by the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident. During this time, many water quality management practices and countermeasures were enacted. The book presents in-depth analyses of these water remediation actions, using current science and mathematical modeling, and discusses why some were successful, but many others failed. The chapter entitled Where Do We Go From Here? incorporates a comprehensive discussion of the planned New Safe Confinement (NSC) structure to cover the Chernobyl plant. The book closes with a summary and conclusions drawn from these analyses, making it a valuable reference tool for the future. This book will be of interest to engineers, scientists, decision-makers, and those involved in radiation protection and radioecology, environmental protection and risk assessment, water remediation and mitigation measures, and radioactive waste disposal. In addition, the detailed, almost day-to-day, emergency responses to the Chernobyl accident described in this book will also be useful to people developing emergency and long-term responses to accidental or intentional (by terrorists) releases of radionuclides, toxic chemicals and biological agents.
Chemistry and Safety of Acrylamide in Food
Specifically covered are the following aspects: exposure from the environment and the diet; biomarkers of exposure; risk assessment; epidemiology; mechanism of formation in food; biological alkylation of amino acids, peptides, proteins, and DNA by acrylamide and its epoxide metabolite glycidamide; neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity; protection against adverse effects; and possible approaches to reducing levels in food. Cross-fertilization of ideas among several disciplines in which an interest in acrylamide has developed, including food science, pharmacology, toxicology, and medicine, will provide a better understanding of the chemistry and biology of acrylamide in food, and can lead to the development of food processes to decrease the acrylamide content of the diet.
Chemical Ecology : From Gene to Ecosystem
This book provides an overview of chemical ecology related to different ecosystems. It offers an outlook at novel directions that can be taken in chemical ecology through a molecular-ecological or eco-genomic approach. The book addresses aboveground and belowground terrestrial systems as well as aquatic systems, and the organisms involved are micro- and macro-organisms, such as plants, arthropods and mammals.
Chasing the Chinese dream : Four decades of following China’s war on poverty
This book explores the historical, cultural and philosophical contexts that have made anti-poverty the core of Chinese society since Liberation in 1949, and why poverty alleviation measures evolved from the simplistic aid of the 1950s to Xi Jinping’s precision poverty alleviation and its goal of eliminating absolute poverty by 2020. The book also addresses the implications of China’s experience for other developing nations tackling not only poverty but such issues as pandemics, rampant urbanization and desertification exacerbated by global warming. The first of three parts draws upon interviews of rural and urban Chinese from diverse backgrounds and local and national leaders. These interviews, conducted in even the remotest areas of the country, offer candid insights into the challenges that have forced China to continually evolve its programs to resolve even the most intractable cases of poverty.
Changing Aspects in Stroke Surgery : Aneurysms, Dissections, Moyamoya Angiopathy and EC-IC Bypass
What is arterial dissection? What is Moyamoya angiopathy? What is the state of art of AVM treatment? Readers will find answers to these questions in this book. But they will also be informed about the state of the art treatment in the daily stroke therapy.
Chance : The life of games and the game of life
With its many easy-to-follow mathematical examples, this book takes the reader on an almost chronological trip through the fascinating and amazing laws of chance, omnipresent in the natural world and in our daily lives. Along the route many fascinating topics are discussed, such as: challenging probability paradoxes; "paranormal" coincidences; game odds; causes and effects; interpretation of opinion polls; winning chances as a game proceeds; the nature of randomness; entropy and randomness; randomness in life; algorithmic complexity and the undecidability of randomness; possibilities and limitations of learning the laws of a Universe immersed in chance events. This charming book will inform and entertain the scientist and non-scientist alike.
Challenges for Computational Intelligence
Computational Intelligence (CI) is used as a name to cover many existing branches of science, with artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems and evolutionary computation forming its core. In recent years CI has been extended by adding many other subdisciplines and it became quite obvious that this new field also requires a series of challenging problems that will give it a sense of direction. Without setting up clear goals and yardsticks to measure progress on the way many research efforts are wasted.The book written by top experts in CI provides such clear directions and the much-needed focus on the most important and challenging research issues, showing a roadmap how to achieve ambitious goals.
Cerebral vasospasm : New strategies in research and treatment
More than 90 papers give a summary of clinical and basic studies on cerebral vasospasm, including reviews by leading researchers in this field. Several new frontiers are proposed for future research directions that will not only promote research from neurosurgery and neurology but also from other interconnecting fields of emergency medicine, electrophysiology, molecular biology, and vascular biology.
Cerebral monitoring in the OR and ICU
This comprehensive volume will serve as a complete guide to the clinical application of computer assisted systems in monitoring central nervous functions both in the OR and ICU. It presents practical guidelines and therapeutic indications for computerized EEG and Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) monitoring for the experienced user and the novice. The book also describes what cerebral monitoring can do and what its limitations are.
Central Nervous System Diseases and Inflammation
This volume serves as a succinct and well-organized reference volume focused on inflammatory CNS disease to a wide audience. The text is comprised of four sections revolving around current areas of interest in the fields of neuroimmunology, virology, pharmacology and disease. Sections of this text focus on a specific category of diseases as well as the pharmacological, virological, and immunological effects of and on the disease.Although many have covered this topic, few have provided a volume as concise and efficient. Each disease is broken down on a variety of scientific levels without getting into the history of the disease. This approach provides a succinct overview of a specific subject encompassing interrelated topics pertaining to neurology, immunology and disease. The information provided in Central Nervous System Diseases and Inflammation will be useful for researchers, clinicians, as well as a valuable resource for students interested in the fascinating arena of neuroinflammation.
Cell Separation : Fundamentals, Analytical and Preparative Methods
This special volume on cell separations discusses fundamental and applied aspects of the analytical and preparative cell-separation technologies. The aim is to enlighten the reader with the new developments in cell-separation technologies and at the same time provide sufficient knowledge with other existing and more commonly used techniques. The volume is comprised of contributions from subject experts from both academia and industry, focuses on the research and commercial aspects of cell-separation technology, and provides readers with broader choice. Unlike protein separation, the major challenge in cell separation has been the recovery of the cells in viable form after they are bound to the separation matrix, as cells bind more strongly through multipoint attachment. This is an important focus of the present work and one we believe will provide new insight to researchers in this field
Cell Adhesion and Cytoskeletal Molecules in Metastasis
In this volume, the expression of specific adhesion molecules within human cancer tissues are highlighted. The expression signatures from published DNA microarray and immunohistochemistry studies are detailed. The concept that the alteration of specific adhesion molecules influence the cancer migration ability and cancer damage responses is detailed in this volume; both features are essential for the survival of an invading tumor cell. Defining the minimal adhesion receptors preserved on cancer cells during tumor progression will define the metastatic adhesion signature. Understanding the metastatic adhesion signature will reveal vulnerabilities that could be exploited for the prevention and/or eradication of the invading cancer cell.
CEB-FIP Model code 1990 : Design code
This document is a comprehensive design code for concrete. It is the result of a comprehensive revision to the original model code of 1978, which was produced jointly by the Comite Euro-International du Beton (CEB) and the Federation Internationale de la Precontrainte (FIP). Model Code 1990 has more detailed guidelines and explanations than national codes and can be used as a basis for them. It has already influenced the codification work that is being carried out both nationally and internationally and will continue to do so. With the publication of Eurocode 2: Part 1 as a draft pre-standard, this document is a useful reference during the consultative period before Eurocode 2 becomes a European standard. It may be of use to anyone involved in codification work on concrete.
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells : Origin, Function and Therapeutic Potential
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 producing T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells have been studied in most detail and are the subject of most articles in this issue. Treg, also called "natural" regulatory T cells, will be traced from their intra-thymic origin to the site of their action in peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues.
Catastrophic Events Caused by Cosmic Objects
Many times all of us could hear from mass media that an asteroid approached and swept past the Earth. Such an asteroid or comet will inevitably strike the planet some day. This volume considers hazards due to collisions with cosmic objects, particularly in light of recent investigations of impacts by the authors. Each chapter written by an expert contains an overview of an aspect and new findings in the field. The main hazardous effects – cratering, shock, aerial and seismic waves, fires, ejection of dust and soot, tsunami are described and numerically estimated. Numerical simulations of impacts and impact consequences have received much attention in the book. Fairly small impacting objects 50 -100 m in diameter pose a real threat to humanity and their influence on the atmosphere and ionosphere is emphasized.
Cataract and refractive surgery
The second volume of "Cataract and Refractive Surgery" in the Essentials in Ophthalmology series provides new information on cataract and refractive surgery. This book will help clinicians provide the best results for their cataract and refractive surgical patients and is also indispensable for continuous education and advanced training.
Catalyst separation, recovery and recycling : Chemistry and process design
This book looks at new ways of tackling the problem of separating reaction products from homogeneous catalytic solutions. The new processes involve low leaching supported catalysts, soluble supports such as polymers and dendrimers and unusual solvents such as water, fluorinated organics, ionic liquids and supercritical fluids. The advantages of the different possibilities are discussed alongside suggestions for further research that will be required for commercialisation.
Casting : An Analytical Approach
For a long time, the die cast industry has used trial and error as a leading development method, resulting in tremendous growth in the utilisation of available CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software. This software allows the development of better products that maximise the advantages the die cast process has to offer. Casting: An Analytical Approach will refresh knowledge of the governing laws of the fluid dynamics that have an effect on die cast die and die cast process design. MATLAB® (MathWorks, Inc.) and Visual Basic® (Microsoft) code are listed in Casting: An Analytical Approach for every stage of product, die and die cast process design; providing better understanding of die and process design and simplifying calculations of the die cast die as well as the die cast process. Gas ventilation system calculations and fundamentals of compressible gas flow are also included.
Cassini at Saturn- Huygens Results
Cassini At Saturn – Huygens Results brings the story of the Cassini-Huygens mission and their joint exploration of the Saturnian system right up to date. Cassini entered orbit around Saturn June 2004 so this update includes 8 months of scientific data available for review, including the most spectacular images of Saturn, its rings and satellites ever obtained by a space mission. As the Cassini spacecraft approached its destination in spring 2004, the quality of the images already being returned by the spacecraft clearly demonstrated the spectacular nature of the close-range views that will be obtained. The book contains a 16-page colour section, comprising a carefully chosen selection of the most stunning images to be released during the spacecraft’s initial period of operation.
Cases & materials on international law
A topical and engaging companion for study; placing international law directly in the context of contemporary debate. The book offers broad coverage of international law, and is an appropriate match for a range of courses and teaching styles.
