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الصفحة 61
Brain and Heart Dynamics
Despite the increasing awareness that neural mechanisms are the primary cause of cardiac disease and its progression, therapy continues to focus on end-organ protection and does not approach the neural core of the problem. Growing public health problems such as heart failure are still treated with autonomic drugs that are 30-40 years old and simply act on cardiac receptors. However, it has now been shown that the progression of ischemic heart disease to heart failure is mainly due to abnormal central responses to incipient cardiac disease, with neural activation the primary cause rather than the consequence of cardiac remodeling.
Bone disorders
• Bone is the specialized type of connective tissue that has extracellular matrix containing calcium salts. • As bone is a connective tissue, it consists of cells and matrix. • Mineralized extracellular matrix provides hardness to bones. • Bone is a living tissue that shows dynamic structural changes in response to physical stress and hormonal changes. • In addition to support and protection of vital organs, bones act as a storehouse for calcium and phosphates. • Bone also performs hematopoietic function (production of blood cells).
Blast effects on buildings
Provides the latest practical guidance on designing buildings to optimise their resilience to blast loading. Focused specifically on the design of commercial buildings, it is an indispensible guide to help engineers reduce the risks posed to building occupants and businesses from terrorist and other explosions. This book provides the engineer with a single and comprehensive source of reference for all the main elements of blast engineering design in modern practice. Industry-accepted methods for the design of glazing to resist blast loading are published for the first time, as well as a new chapter on hostile vehicle mitigation techniques. Guidance on structural steelwork and reinforced concrete design is extended and enhanced, supplemented with material on design in new materials such as steel-concrete-steel composites, this latter addition being published for the first time.
Bird species : How they arise, modify and vanish
The average person can name more bird species than they think, but do we really know what a bird “species” is? This open access book takes up several fascinating aspects of bird life to elucidate this basic concept in biology. From genetic and physiological basics to the phenomena of bird song and bird migration, it analyzes various interactions of birds – with their environment and other birds. Lastly, it shows imminent threats to birds in the Anthropocene, the era of global human impact.This book brings together various disciplines involved in observing bird species come into existence, modify, and vanish. It is a rich resource for bird enthusiasts who want to understand various processes at the cutting edge of current research in more detail. At the same time it offers students the opportunity to see primarily unconnected, but booming big-data approaches such as genomics and biogeography meet in a topic of broad interest. Lastly, the book enables conservationists to better understand the uncertainties surrounding “species” as entities of protection.
Biophysical characterization of functional peptides
Presents reproducible and step-by-step procedures for the peptide synthesis, their characterization and applications. The volume includes an introductory section on in silico modelling of new peptide molecules, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Docking, Electrostatic fingerprinting of peptides, and other modelling tools for peptide designing and optimization. Further, it covers protocols for the solid phase peptide synthesis, chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of peptides. Importantly, it covers methods for biophysical characterizations of peptides for their potential applications as drug delivery vehicles, peptide nano-assembly, bionanocatalysis, protein aggregation diseases, and peptide-based anti-bacterial.
Biophotonics ; Optical science and engineering for the 21st century
Biophotonics: Optical Science and Engineering in the 21st Century serves as an ideal aid to the research and development of these areas integrating light, photonics, and biological systems.Key topics include: Fluctuation Correlation Spectroscopy in Cells: Determination of Molecular Aggregation ,Using GFP and FRET Technologies for Studying Signaling Mechanisms of Apoptosis in a Single Living Cell, Study on Protein-Protein Interaction in Single Living Cells, Functional Optical Coherence Tomography: Simultaneous In Vivo Imaging of Tissue Structure and Physiology, Imaging –Photo- and Sonodynamic Diagnosis of Cancer Mediated by Chemiluminescence Probes, Biophotonic Analysis of Spontaneous Self-Organizing Oxidative Processes in Aqueous Systems, Biophoton Emission and Defense Systems in Plants
Biophotonics
More profound understanding of the nature of light and light-matter interactions in biology has enabled many applications in the biology and medical fields. So a new discipline is born, namely biophotonics. The aim of this book is to review the current state-of-the-art of the field by means of authoritative chapters written by the world leaders of the respective fields. Biosensors, biochips, optical tomography, optical microsurgery, photodynamics therapy, bioactivation of gene, photobiology of skin, and nanobiophotonics are each introduced and recent advances presented. This book will be useful not only to physicians, biologists, physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers but also to graduate students who are interested in these rapidly developing fields.
Biopharmaceutical drug design and development
Biopharmaceutical Drug Design and Development, Second Edition, updates the widely successful first edition, published in 1999. This new, expanded edition investigates the dozens of new biopharmaceutical drugs that have become available since the publication of the first edition. Among the drugs discussed are ones in the categories of monoclonal antibodies for in-vivo use, cytokines, growth factors, enzymes, immunomodulators, thrombolytics, and immonotherapies including vaccines. Additionally, the volume examines new and emerging technologies, such as bioinformatics, DNA microarrays, transgenics, therapeutic gene delivery, stem cells, nucleic acid-based therapeutics, and macromolecular drug delivery. Authors also study pharmacogenetics in the clinic and changes in biologic drug approval at the FDA. Biopharmaceutical Drug Design and Development, Second Edition, is a worthy sequel in the discussion on the dynamic, exciting field of biotechnology.
Biomimetics for architecture & design : Nature - analogies - technology
Provides the readers with a timely guide to the application of biomimetic principles in architecture and engineering design. As a result of a combined effort by two internationally recognized authorities, the biologist Werner Nachtigall and the architect Göran Pohl, the book describes the principles which can be used to compare nature and technology, and at the same time it presents detailed explanations and examples showing how biology can be used as a source of inspiration and “translated” in building and architectural solutions (biomimicry). Even though nature cannot be directly copied, the living world can provide architects and engineers with a wealth of analogues and inspirations for their own creative designs. But how can analysis of natural entities give rise to advanced and sustainable design? By reporting on the latest bionic design methods and using extensive artwork, the book guides readers through the field of nature-inspired architecture, offering an extraordinary resource for professional architects, engineers, designers and urban planners, as well as for university teachers, researchers and students.
Biomimetic neural learning for intelligent robots : Intelligent systems, cognitive robotics, and neuroscience
This book presents research performed as part of the EU project on biomimeticmultimodal learning in a mirror neuron-based robot (MirrorBot) and contribu-tions presented at the International AI-Workshop on NeuroBotics. The over-all aim of the book is to present a broad spectrum of current research intobiomimetic neural learning for intelligent autonomous robots. In this book we show the development of newtechniques using cell assemblies, associative neural networks, and Hebbian-typelearning in order to associate vision, language and motor concepts. We havedeveloped biomimetic multimodal learning and language instruction in a robotto investigate the task of searching for objects. As well as the research performedin this area for the MirrorBot project, the second part of this book incorporatessignificant contributions from other research in the field of biomimetic robotics.This second part of the book concentrates on the progress made in neuroscienceinspired robotic learning approaches (in short: NeuroBotics). We hope that this book stimulates and encourages new research in this in-teresting and dynamic area.
BioMEMS and biomedical nanotechnology ; Vol. IV : Biomolecular Sensing, Processing and Analysis
This volume contains 18 chapters focused on ‘Biomolecular Sensing, Processing and Analysis’, written by experts in the field of BioMEMS and biomedical nanotechnology. The chapters are groups into three broad categories of Sensors and Materials, Processing and Integrated Systems, and Microfluidics.Prof. Taun Vo-Dinh from Oakridge National Labs begins the Sensors and Materials section by providing a review of biosensors and biochips. This review is followed by an example of mechanical cantilever sensor work described by Prof. Arun Majumdar’s group at UC Berkeley and Prof. Tom Thundat at Oakridge National Laboratory.
Biomedical Simulation; 4th International Symposium, ISBMS 2008, London, UK, July 7-8, 2008 Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation, ISBMS 2008, held in London, UK, in July 2008.
Biomedical EPR ; Part B : Methodology, Instrumentation, and Dynamics
Biomedical EPR – Part B focuses on applications of EPR techniques and instrumentation, with applications to dynamics. The book celebrates the 70th birthday of Prof. James S. Hyde, Medical College of Wisconsin, and his contributions to this field. Chapters are written to provide introductory material for new-comers to the field that lead into up-to-date reviews that provide perspective on the wide range of questions that can be addressed by EPR.
Bio-mechanisms of swimming and flying ; Fluid dynamics, biomimetic robots, and sports science
This book follows "Bio-mechanisms of Animals in Swimming and Flying" published in 2004 including 11 chapters. This time, the book includes 31 chapters on the latest researches into natural autonomous systems and locomotion in both flying and swimming organisms. The area of sports science such as analysis and simulation of human swimming is newly added. The computational frameworks for the modeling, simulation and optimization of animals in swimming and flying demonstrate an important role in the progress of interdisciplinary work in the fields of biology and engineering. An innovative technology is exhibited for the flight of an insect size micro air vehicle. Neuronal science is not only unveiling the locomotion mechanisms of swimming in fish from the aspect of the neuronal activities, but also applied to underwater biomimetic robots. The interdisciplinary works are exhibited in the fields of biology and engineering, yielding real-world benefits in innovative technologies.
Biology of the Fungal Cell
"The volume is well illustrated and certainly realizes the primary aim of "The Mycota", namely to highlight developments in both basic and applied research into fungal systems." (Microbiology Today) "The Editors´ aim 'to provide a selected sampling of contemporary topics at the forefront of fungal cell biology' has certainly been achieved. Indeed, it is hard to imagine any mycologist not finding something fascinating in each of the chapters. ... Further, the volume is packed with material that will be extremely useful for those presenting basic courses in mycology - especially because of the many fine explanatory line drawings." (Mycological Research)
Biology and Control Theory : Current Challenges
Creating some links between control feedback and biology modeling communities based on similarities in modeling, observing and perceiving alive structures, and analyzing interconnections between biological structures and subsystems was the main objective of this volume. The idea of this book was conceived in the context mentioned above with the objective to help in claiming many of the problems for control researchers, starting discussions and opening interactive debates between the control and biology communities, and, finally, to alert graduate students to the many interesting ideas at the frontier between control feedback theory and biology.
Biological Membrane Ion Channels : Dynamics, Structure, and Applications
Ion channels are biological nanotubes that are formed by membrane proteins. Because ion channels regulate all electrical activities in living cells, understanding their mechanisms at a molecular level is a fundamental problem in biology. This book deals with recent breakthroughs in ion-channel research that have been brought about by the combined effort of experimental biophysicists and computational physicists, who together are beginning to unravel the story of these exquisitely designed biomolecules. With chapters by leading experts.
Biological invaders in inland waters : Profiles, distribution, and threats
The book examines the identity, distribution, and impact of freshwater non-indigenous species and the dynamics of their invasion. Rather than providing a broad and comprehensive review of the issue, Biological invaders in inland waters focuses on old and new invaders and also raises questions and opens perspectives that provide a starting point for further research. The ultimate purpose of this book is to help define a more general framework for our knowledge of invasions in fresh waters. Such a framework will be indispensable to the planning of a science-based management program.
Bioinformatics research and development ; 2nd International Conference, BIRD 2008 Vienna, Austria, July 7-9, 2008 Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Bioinformatics Research and Development Conference, BIRD 2008, held in Vienna, Austria in July 2008.
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions Using R and Bioconductor
Bioconductor is a widely used open source and open development software project for the analysis and comprehension of data arising from high-throughput experimentation in genomics and molecular biology. Bioconductor is rooted in the open source statistical computing environment R. This volume's coverage is broad and ranges across most of the key capabilities of the Bioconductor project, including: Importation and preprocessing of high-throughput data from microarray, proteomic, and flow cytometry platforms / Curation and delivery of biological metadata for use in statistical modeling and interpretation. / Statistical analysis of high-throughput data, including machine learning and visualization,modeling and visualization of graphs and networks. This book is a dynamic document. Code underlying all of the computations that are shown is made available on a companion website, and readers can reproduce every number, figure, and table on their own computers.
