الصفحة 6
الصفحة 6
The Ethical Spirit of EU Law
Seeks to identify the ethical spirit of European Union (EU) law, a context in which we can observe a trend towards increasing references to the terms ‘ethics’ and ‘morality.’ This aspect is all the more important because EU law is now affecting more and more areas of national law, including such sensitive ones as the patentability of human life. Especially when unethical behaviour produces legal consequences, the frequent lack of clearly defined concepts remains a challenge, particularly against the background of the principle of legal certainty. This raises the question to which extent the content of these references is determined and whether it is possible to identify an ethical spirit of EU law. Answering that question, in turn, entails addressing the following questions: In references to ethics concerning EU law, can we identify references to a particular theory of practical philosophy at all; and, if so, to one or more normative ethical theories (deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics)? Further, should these non-legal concepts be imported in an unaltered way (“absolute approach”), or be adapted to the legal context (“relative approach”)?
The Einstein Dossiers : Science and Politics - Einstein's Berlin Period with an Appendix on Einstein's FBI File
In 1919 the Prussian Ministry of Science, Arts and Culture opened a dossier on "Einstein's Theory of Relativity." It was rediscovered by the author in 1961 and is used in conjunction with numerous other subsequently identified 'Einstein' files as the basis of this fascinating book. In particular, the author carefully scrutinizes Einstein's FBI file from 1950-55 against mostly unpublished material from European including Soviet sources and presents hitherto unknown documentation on Einstein's alleged contacts with the German Communist Party and the Comintern. Siegfried Grundmann's thorough study of Einstein's participation on a committee of the League of Nations, based on archival research in Geneva, is also new. This book outlines Einstein's image in politics and German science policy. It covers the period from his appointment as a researcher in Berlin to his fight abroad against the "boycott of German science" after World War I and his struggle at home against attacks on "Jewish physics" of which he was made a prime target. An important gap in the literature on Einstein is thus filled, contributing much new material toward a better understanding of Einstein's so rigorous break with Germany.
The Effect of monetary policies on inflation
Inflation is bad news. Besides distorting prices, it erodes savings, discourages investment, stimulates capital flight (into foreign assets, precious metals, or unproductive real estate), inhibits growth, makes economic planning a nightmare, and, in its extreme form, evokes social and political unrest. Governments consequently regard inflation as a plague and try to squelch it by adopting conservative and sustainable fiscal and monetary policies.
The Economics of Forest Disturbances : Wildfires, Storms, and Invasive Species
Provides a unique, state-of-the-art review of both traditional and emerging themes in the economics of natural forest disturbances. Although natural disturbances such as wildfire, hurricanes and pests have long been recognized as important factors influencing the structure and health of forests, recent and dramatic increases in the costs and damages associated with forest disturbances necessitates a new evaluation of these processes. The authors show that neo-classical economic principles can be integrated with ecosystem analysis and modern econometric methods to uncover the causes and consequences of natural forest disturbances. The chapters encompass modern areas of concern in forest economics and policy, including temporal and spatial dynamics of economic-ecologic systems, risk-reducing mitigation and adaptation strategies, and the valuation of impacts on market and non-market resources. These topics are developed with case studies demonstrating rigorous empirical analysis with a policy-oriented focus. The book is intended for forest policy analysts and decision-makers, risk managers, forest economists and graduate students studying natural resource economics.
The Crazy Paving
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare respiratory syndrome characterized by the accumulation of surfactant lipoproteins within the alveoli. Primary PAP is led by a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling disruption. Secondary PAP is associated with various diseases causing a reduction in function and/or the number of alveolar macrophages. Congenital PAP emerges as a consequence of corrupted surfactant production, due to mutations affecting surfactant transporter or lung development.
The Covert life of hospital architecture
Addresses hospital architecture as a set of interlocked, overlapping spatial and social conditions.Opening with a description of hospital architecture, the sequence of chapters takes an unusually comprehensive view that pairs spaces and occupants in hospitals: the patient room, care teams and on-ward support for their work and the intelligibility of public circulation spaces for visitors. The final chapter moves outside the hospital to describe the current healthcare crisis of the global pandemic as it reveals how healthcare institutions must evolve to be adaptable in entirely new ways.
The Concept of Rights
The justified-constraint theory avoids the problems which have bedeviled the interest/benefit theories and the choice/will theories. It also solves the puzzle of the relational nature of rights. On the justified-constraint view, an obligation correlative to a right is to the right-holder when it is a feature of the right-holder that justifies the obligation. The analysis also shows that, as far as the concept of rights is concerned, any sort of individual or group can have rights. The limits on what sorts of things have rights are substantive, not conceptual. Moreover, the justified-constraint solves the problem of the rights of past and future generations.
The Changing Governance of the Sciences : The Advent of Research Evaluation Systems
The establishment of national systems of retrospective research evaluations is one of the most significant of recent changes in the governance of science. In many countries, state attempts to manage public science systems and improve their quality have triggered the institutionalisation of such systems, which vary greatly in their methods of assessing research performance, and consequences for universities. The contributions to this volume discuss, inter alia, the birth and development of research evaluation systems as well as the reasons for their absence in the United States, the responses by universities and academics to these new governance regimes, and their consequences for the production of scientific knowledge. By integrating new theoretical approaches with country studies and studies of general phenomena such as university rankings and bibliometric evaluations, the book shows how these novel state steering mechanisms are changing the organisation of scientific knowledge production and universities in different countries.
The Bonobos : Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation
"The Bonobos: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation provides a succinct yet comprehensive review of the current state of research and conservation efforts regarding the bonobos (Pan paniscus). The bonobos are one of the least known of the great apes although they are one of our closest living relatives, sharing 98.8% of DNA sequences. This text summarizes and analyses scientific research on the bonobos, as well as presents the most up-to-date findings from the field and captive studies. Further, the text presents compelling findings and solid population assessments for estimating wild population density and distribution."
The Arché Papers on the Mathematics of Abstraction
Collects together a number of important papers concerning both the method of abstraction generally and the use of particular abstraction principles to reconstruct central areas of mathematics along logicist lines. the present volume is unique in presenting a thorough going examination of the mathematical aspects of the neo-logicist project (and the particular philosophical issues arising from these technical concerns). Attention is focused on extending the Neo-Fregean treatment to all of mathematics, with the reconstruction of real analysis from various cut - or cauchy-sequence-related abstraction principles and the reconstruction of set theory from various restricted versions of Basic Law V as case studies. As a result, the volume provides a test of the scope and limits of the neo-logicist project, detailing what has been accomplished and outlining the desiderata still outstanding.
The Algebra of Secondary Cohomology Operations
The algebra of primary cohomology operations computed by the well-known Steenrod algebra is one of the most powerful tools of algebraic topology. This book computes the algebra of secondary cohomology operations which enriches the structure of the Steenrod algebra in a new and unexpected way.The book solves a long-standing problem on the algebra of secondary cohomology operations by developing a new algebraic theory of such operations. The results have strong impact on the Adams spectral sequence and hence on the computation of homotopy groups of spheres.
The ADAM Family of Proteases
Provides the first comprehensive review of the roles of ADAMs and the related ADAMTS proteases in biology and disease.
The ABCs of Gene Cloning
The ABCs of Gene Cloning serves as a clear and easy-to-use text that offers the reader an introductory course on the language of gene cloning. It assumes no prior knowledge on the part of the reader, while emphasizing the 'nuts and bolts' of gene cloning. The ABCs of Gene Cloning enables the reader to distinguish between a gene and a DNA, to read and write a gene sequence, to talk intelligently about gene cloning, to attend seminars without getting completely lost, and to comprehend materials in scientific publications.
Text mining : Predictive methods for analyzing unstructured information
One consequence of the pervasive use of computers is that most documents originate in digital form. Text mining—the process of searching, retrieving, and analyzing unstructured, natural-language text—is concerned with how to exploit the textual data embedded in these documents. Text Mining presents a comprehensive introduction and overview of the field, integrating related topics (such as artificial intelligence and knowledge discovery and data mining) and providing practical advice on how readers can use text-mining methods to analyze their own data. Emphasizing predictive methods, the book unifies all key areas in text mining: preprocessing, text categorization, information search and retrieval, clustering of documents, and information extraction. In addition, it identifies emerging directions for those looking to do research in the area. Some background in data mining is beneficial, but not essential.
Tensor algebra and tensor analysis for engineers : With applications to continuum mechanics
There is a large gap between the engineering course in tensor algebra on the one hand and the treatment of linear transformations within classical linear algebra on the other hand. The aim of this modern textbook is to bridge this gap by means of the consequent and fundamental exposition. The book is addressed primarily to engineering students with some initial knowledge of matrix algebra. Thereby the mathematical formalism is applied as far as it is absolutely necessary. Numerous exercises provided in the book are accompanied by solutions enabling an autonomous study. The last chapters of the book deal with modern developments in the theory of isotropic and anisotropic tensor functions and their applications to continuum mechanics and might therefore be of high interest for PhD-students and scientists working in this area.
Teleradiology
Developments in teleradiology are progressing at great speed. As a consequence, there is a need for a broad overview of the field. This first-ever book on teleradiology is presented in such a way that it should make it accessible to anyone, independent of their knowledge of technology. The text is designed to be used by all professionals, including radiologists, surgeons, nurses and allied health professionals, and computer scientists. In a very short time, driven by technical developments, the field of teleradiology has become too extensive to be covered by only a small number of experts. Therefore, Teleradiology has been written with chapter contributions from a host of renowned international authorities in teleradiology (see the Contents and the Contributors). This ensures that the subject matter focusing on recent advances in teleradiology is truly up to date.
Techlash : The Future of the Socially Responsible Tech Organization
Applies proactive crisis management to the management of technology organizations to make them more sustainable and socially responsible for the betterment of humankind. It forecasts the unintended consequences of technology and offers methods to counteract it.
Task design In mathematics education : An ICMI study 22
The authors develop explicit understandings of the opportunities and difficulties involved in designing and implementing tasks and of the interfaces between the teaching, researching and designing roles – recognising that these might be undertaken by the same person or by completely separate teams. Tasks generate the activity through which learners meet mathematical concepts, ideas, strategies and learn to use and develop mathematical thinking and modes of enquiry. Teaching includes the selection, modification, design, sequencing, installation, observation and evaluation of tasks. The book illustrates how task design is core to effective teaching, whether the task is a complex, extended, investigation or a small part of a lesson; whether it is part of a curriculum system, such as a textbook, or promotes free standing activity; whether the task comes from published source or is devised by the teacher or the student.
Targeted Therapies in Cancer
Oncological chemotherapy has been encumbered by its poor selectivity because most antiproliferative drugs are toxic not only to tumor cells but also to important populations of the body’s non-neoplastic cells. The resultant problems with unwanted side effects are compounded by difficulties in predicting the desired effectivity of chemotherapy in individual patients. This unsatisfactory situation has driven intensive research and development towards more specific and less toxic anticancer drugs over the last few decades. Several results of these efforts have reached the clinic and an even greater number are now in preclinical testing. Common to all these targeted therapies is their interaction with defined molecules present on cancer cells, which adds various degrees of increased selectivity to their toxic effects. As a consequence, detecting the target molecule on tumors before therapy holds great diagnostic potential for predicting the efficacy of the drug and personalizing therapy. This book aims to present translational scientists and clinicians with an integrated critical view on the theories, mechanisms, problems and pitfalls of the targeted therapy approach.
Targeted interference with signal transduction events
Lay out the state of development of tomorrow's cancer drugs, directed against growth factors, growth factor receptors and intracellular signaling molecules with kinase activities.
