الصفحة 6
الصفحة 6
Portal Hypertension : Pathobiology, Evaluation, and Treatment
Although the past several years have seen tremendous progress in both the understanding and clinical management of portal hypertension-a major complication of cirrhosis-many new therapies and pathogenic principles are now emerging that will lead to vastly improved therapeutic approaches in the years to come. In Portal Hypertension: Pathobiology, Evaluation, and Treatment, internationally renowned investigators and clinicians discuss the latest findings on key scientific topics and review the evaluation and management of portal hypertension in the clinic. Writing in an easy-to-read style, the authors review its pathobiology, the progress being made in its experimental understanding, the methodologies to assess it in humans, the treatment of its complications (esophageal varices, ascites, and hepatorenal syndrome), and its treatment in special circumstances (during pregnancy, in children, or when the portal vein is blocked). They also provide in-depth coverage of the pros and cons of the various therapeutic choices available to the clinician managing patients with complicated portal hypertension.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and using topical spironolactone
PCOS is very common endocrine and metabolic disorders with involvement of both genetic and environmental affect women in reproductive age. Like insulin resistance, having family history of close relative affected by pcos, exposure to certain chemicals and idiopathic causes. Symptoms include amnenorrhea, hirsutism, infertility, obesity, acne and androgenic alopecia. PCOS can affect self esteem, mental health, quality of life, PCOS can treated either medically or by life style modification. PCOS equivalent in male is endocrine disorder similar to pcos occure in males relatives of women with pcos caracterize by premature alopecia before 30 years of age.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome : Current Controversies, From The Ovary To The Pancreas
All four editors of this title are extremely prominent in the field of PCOS. Although they are all U.S.-based, they are internationally renowned. The book includes the latest diagnostic criteria for PCOS, and comprises the most up to date information about the genetic features and pathogenesis of PCOS. The diagnostic criteria for PCOS took shape in 1990 following an NIH conference co-organized by Dr. Dunaif, resulting in her classic volume, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (1992). That title recommended diagnostic criteria of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovlulation with the exclusion of specific disorder of the ovary, adrenal, and pituitary. These criteria dominated the field but were revised in 2003 by a working group of international experts at a conference in Rotterdam. Since then, it has become increasingly clear over the past several years that PCOS is a complex genetic disease resulting from the interaction of susceptibility genes and environmental factors.
Polycystic ovaries syndrome and inositol supplements
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common, complex, and heterogeneous endocrine disorder of women that involves a combination of epigenetic and genetic factors. PCOS affects women of growing age particularly at the early to late reproductive stage (15–44 years). Currently, PCOS impacts 1 in every 10 women worldwide. It is characterized majorly by a raised level of androgens such as testosterone and a large number of ovarian cysts (more than 10) that cause anovulation, infertility, and irregular menstrual cycle...
Polar Organometallic Reagents : Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications
Polar Organometallic Reagents provides a critical overview of developments in the field of modern polar organometallic chemistry. With a particular focus on the emergent area of synergic heterometallic reagents, this timely volume describes our attempts to understand recently developed polar organometallics and their application in a range of new directions.
Plastics for Corrosion Inhibition
The development of polymer composites containing inhibitors of metal corrosion is an important endeavour in modern materials science and technology. Corrosion inhibitors can be located in a polymer matrix in the solid, liquid or gaseous phase. This book details the thermodynamic principles for selecting these components, their compatibility and their effectiveness. The various mechanisms of metal protection – barrier, inhibiting and electromechanical – are considered, as are the conflicting requirements placed on the structure of the combined material. Two main classes of inhibited materials (structural and films/coatings) are described in detail. Examples are given of structural plastics used in friction units subjected to mechano-chemical wear and of polymer films/coatings for protecting metal objects against corrosion.
Plant Respiration : From Cell to Ecosystem
Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
Planning and care for children and adolescents with dental enamel defects : Etiology, research and contemporary management
Discusses the known causes of defective dental enamel and explains why it is so difficult to restore. Most importantly, it presents the signs and symptoms that allow accurate diagnosis and documents the best contemporary management. The full range of enamel defects is considered, including defects in primary teeth and permanent teeth, associated syndromes, molar incisor hypomineralization, and genetic defects.
Piezoelectricity : Evolution and Future of a Technology
Discovered in 1880, piezoelectric materials play a key role in an innovative market of several billions of dollars. Recent advances in applications derive from new materials and their development, as well as to new market requirements. With the exception of quartz, ferroelectric materials are used for they offer both high efficiency and sufficient versatility to meet adequately the multidimensional requirements for application. Consequently, strong emphasis is placed on tailoring materials and technology, whether one deals with single crystals, ceramics or plastic materials. Tailoring requires a basic understanding of both physical principles and technical possibilities and limitations. This report elucidates these developments by a broad spectrum of examples, comprising ultrasound in medicine and defence industry, frequency control, signal processing by SAW-devices, sensors, actuators, including novel valves for modern motor management.
Piezoelectric Sensors
Chemically and biologically functionalized piezoelectric sensors are attractive alternatives to surface-sensitive transducers due to their surpassing versatility. The fourth volume of the Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors includes a comprehensive theoretical treatment and current state-of-the art applications of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Interface circuits and the study of viscoelasticity and micromechanics as well as surface roughness with the QCM are discussed. The broad field of analytical applications of piezoelectric sensors is covered, which ranges from nucleic acid detection, immunosensors, protein-membrane interactions and monitoring cells by imprinted polymers to the viscoelastic response of living mammalian cells on QCM-resonators.
Piezoelectric Multilayer Beam Bending Actuators : Static and Dynamic Behavior and Aspects of Sensor Integration
An important aim of the presented book is the explanation of the application of piezoelectric materials such as piezoceramics within the wide field of electromechanical actuators and sensor technology. The reader should be presented the physical and mechanical properties of piezoceramics in a distinct way. In a next step, the reader is introduced into the mechanical description of the static behavior of piezoelectric multilayer beam bending actuators. The description of the dynamic behavior of piezoelectric multilayered bending actuators is effected on the basis of Lagrange‘s formalism and Hamilton‘s principle. The achieved insights are used for the systematic development of the electromechanical circuit representation within the scope of the network theory for any design of piezoelectric bending actuators.
Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications
Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications combines discussion of the physical properties of piezoelectric and acoustic materials, with the fundamentals, design principles and fabrication methods, and their application in transducers. This book serves as a comprehensive reference on all aspects of piezoelectric materials, such as thermodynamics, crystallography, crystal chemistry, and piezoelectric composite fabrication techniques as they pertain to piezoelectric transducer design and applications.The chapters in this book cover a wide range of topics, which are separated into four sections: Section I. Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity Section II. Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Technology Section III. Transducer Design and Principles Section IV. Piezoelectric Transducer Fabrication Methods
Photorefractive materials and their applications - 3 : Applications
In this third volume a series of applications on photorefractive nonlinear optics and optical data storage are presented. Several chapters contain sufficient introductory material for those not so familiar with the topic to obtain a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect.
Photomorphogenesis in plants and bacteria : Function and signal transduction mechanisms
Plants as sessile organisms have evolved fascinating capacities to adapt to changes in their natural environment. Arguably, light is by far the most important and variable environmental factor. The quality, quantity, direction and duration of light is monitored by a series of photoreceptors covering spectral information from UVB to near infrared. The response of the plants to light is called photomorphogenesis and it is regulated by the concerted action of photoreceptors. The combined techniques of action spectroscopy and biochemistry allowed one of the important photoreceptors – phytochrome – to be identified in the middle of the last century.
Photoionization and photo-Induced processes in mass spectrometry : Fundamentals and applications
Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications starts with a complete overview of the fundamentals of the technique, covering the basics of the gas phase ionization as well as those of laser desorption and ablation, pulse photoionization, and single particle ionization. Numerous application examples from different analytical fields are described that showcase the power and the wide scope of photo ionization in mass spectrometry.
Philosophical Lectures on Probability
Philosophical Lectures on Probability contains the transcription of a series of lectures held by Bruno de Finetti (one of the fathers of subjective Bayesianism) and collected by the editor Alberto Mura at the Institute for Advanced Mathematics in Rome in 1979. The book offers a live in-context outlook on de Finetti’s later philosophy of probability. On several points de Finetti’s remarks revise widespread interpretations of his thought and reveal to be topical in the light of recent developments. The book is enriched by an essay of Maria Carla Galavotti, introducing de Finetti’s philosophy of probability as well as biographical essential information. Moreover, it contains more than 180 editor’s notes, aimed at helping the reader to properly appreciate de Finetti’s thought and its impact on recent philosophical developments about probability.
Phase-Modulated Optical Communication Systems
Fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized our telecommunication infrastructures – currently, almost all telephone land-line, cellular, and internet communications must travel via some form of optical fibers. In these transmission systems, neither the phase nor frequency of the optical signal carries information – only the intensity of the signal is used. To transmit more information in a single optical carrier, the phase of the optical carrier must be explored. As a result, there is renewed interest in phase-modulated optical communications, mainly in direct-detection DPSK signals for long-haul optical communication systems.
Phänomenologie der schwachen phantasie : Untersuchungen der psychologie, cognitive science, neurologie und phänomenologie zur funktion der phantasie in der wahrnehmung = Phenomenology of the weak imagination Studies in psychology, cognitive science, neurology and phenomenology on the function of the imagination in perception
This book combines genetic-phenomenological analyzes with studies of empirical psychology, neurology and cognitive research on primates. The first part describes the function of weak phantasms in perception and shows phenomenologically their transcendental performance for perception. Phantasm show up in all layers of the constitution and all sensory fields. This is also shown by the results of empirical psychology, e.g. on hallucinations in normal people, on the inner voice, on filling-in and on Charles-Bonnet syndrome.
Pediatric ocular surface disease
Dedicated to pediatric ocular surface diseases. It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated discussion of the pathophysiology, symptomatology and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of these less commonly understood diseases, in a format that is readily absorbed by trainees and seasoned physicians alike. The aim of this book is to provide a practical and detailed understanding of ocular surface disease in the pediatric population,as many of these corneal conditions in children require unique therapeutic approaches and may have subtle presentations. Chapters will address key issues, such as dry eye disease, Steven Johnson Syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis, that can have a profound impact on children’s visual and social development.
Pathologie hypophysaire et grossesse = Pituitary pathology and pregnancy
Pituitary diseases, tumor or non-tumor, are classically responsible for infertility. Thanks to the progress of medical and surgical treatments developed for the treatment of these pituitary diseases, pregnancies are more and more frequent in patients having in particular a secreting pituitary adenoma or an ante-pituitary insufficiency or a central diabetes insipidus. However, the consequences of pituitary disease and treatments for the mother or fetus are still discussed by endocrinologists, gynecologists, obstetricians and pediatricians. The aim of this unique work in French is an update of our knowledge on the subject, and more particularly on the hormonal and radiological diagnosis of a hypersecretion syndrome or a pituitary insufficiency during pregnancy, as well. as for the management of patients with tumor or non-tumor pituitary pathology, wishing or having pregnancy.
