الصفحة 59
الصفحة 59
Complex Numbers from A to … Z
It is impossible to imagine modern mathematics without complex numbers. Complex Numbers from A to . . . Z introduces the reader to this fascinating subject that, from the time of L. Euler, has become one of the most utilized ideas in mathematics.The exposition concentrates on key concepts and then elementary results concerning these numbers. The reader learns how complex numbers can be used to solve algebraic equations and to understand the geometric interpretation of complex numbers and the operations involving them.The theoretical parts of the book are augmented with rich exercises and problems at various levels of difficulty. A special feature of the book is the last chapter, a selection of outstanding Olympiad and other important mathematical contest problems solved by employing the methods already presented.The book reflects the unique experience of the authors. It distills a vast mathematical literature, most of which is unknown to the western public, and captures the essence of an abundant problem culture.
Complex Motion ; 1st International Workshop, IWCM 2004, Günzburg, Germany, October 12-14, 2004, Revised Papers
The world we live in is a dynamic one: we explore it by moving through it, and many of the objects which we are interested in are also moving. Trafic, for instance, is an example of a domain where detecting and processing visual motion is of vital interest, both in a metaphoric as well as in a purely literal sense. Visual communication is another important example of an area of science which is dominated by the need to measure, understand, and represent visual motion in an eficient way. Visual motion is a subject of research which forces the investigator to deal with complexity; complexity in the sense of facing efiects of motion in a very large diversity of forms, starting from analyzing simple motion in a changing envir- ment (illumination, shadows, . . . ), under adverse observation conditions, such as bad signal-to-noiseratio (low illumination, small-scaleprocesses, low-dosex-ray, etc. ), covering also multiple motions of independent objects, occlusions, and - ing as far as dealing with objects which are complex in themselves (articulated objects such as bodies of living beings). The spectrum of problems includes, but does not end at, objects which are not ‘bodies’ at all, e. g. , when anal- ing fiuid motion, cloud motion, and so on. Analyzing the motion of a crowd in a shopping mall or in an airport is a further example that implies the need to struggle against the problems induced by complexity.
Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes
The new series "Microbiology Monographs" begins with two volumes on intracellular components in prokaryotes. In this second volume, "Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes", the components, labeled complex intracellular structures, encompass a multitude of important cellular functions. Continuing and newly initiated research will provide a clearer understanding of the complex intracellular structures known at present and will bring to light surprising new ones as well.
Complex Dynamics in Communication Networks
Computer and communication networks are among society's most important infrastructures. The internet, in particular, is a giant global network of networks without central control or administration. It is a paradigm of a complex system, where complexity may arise from different sources: topological structure, network evolution, connection and node diversity, or dynamical evolution. The present volume is the first book entirely devoted to the new and emerging field of nonlinear dynamics of TCP/IP networks. It addresses both scientists and engineers working in the general field of communication networks.
Complex and Adaptive Dynamical Systems : A Primer
We are living in an ever more complex world, an epoch where human actions can accordingly acquire far-reaching potentialities. Complex and adaptive dynamical systems are ubiquitous in the world surrounding us and require us to adapt to new realities and the way of dealing with them. This primer has been developed with the aim of conveying a wide range of "commons-sense" knowledge in the field of quantitative complex system science at an introductory level, providing an entry point to this both fascinating and vitally important subject.
Completeness theory for propositional logics
Completeness is one of the most important notions in logic and the foundations of mathematics. Many variants of the notion have been de?ned in literature. We shallconcentrateonthesevariants,andaspects,of completenesswhicharede?ned in propositional logic. Completeness means the possibility of getting all correct and reliable sc- mata of inference by use of logical methods. The word ‘all’, seemingly neutral, is here a crucial point of distinction. Assuming the de?nition as given by E. Post we get, say, a global notion of completeness in which the reliability refers only to syntactic means of logic and outside the correct schemata of inference there are only inconsistent ones. It is impossible, however, to leave aside local aspects of the notion when we want to make it relative to some given or invented notion of truth. Completeness understood in this sense is the adequacy of logic in relation to some semantics, and the change of the logic is accompanied by the change of its semantics.
Complement and Kidney Disease
It is evident that a defective or deregulated complement system results in kidney diseases. An important role of complement effector and regulatory proteins in pathological settings of the kidney has been demonstrated. A large panel of distinct human kidney diseases is caused by defective complement control. Genetic analyses have identified mutations in complement regulators that are associated with these diseases. Mutations have been identified in the fluid phase alternative pathway regulator Factor H and the membrane regulator Membrane Cofactor Protein MCP (CD46). The functional characterization of the mutant proteins allows to define the pathophysiological events on a molecular level. These new concepts and data on disease mechanisms allowed establishing new diagnostic and promising therapeutic approaches for several human kidney diseases. Molecular biology, clinics and therapy are discussed in this volume.
Competence Assessment in Dementia
The increasing proportion of demented elderly in populations, debates over patient's rights and autonomy, and the growing body of knowledge on dementia has inspired the European Dementia Consensus Network to regard competence assessment in dementia as an important topic of debate.
Compendium for Early Career Researchers in Mathematics Education
The book provides a state-of-the-art overview of important theories from mathematics education and the broad variety of empirical approaches currently widely used in mathematics education research.
Compatible Spatial Discretizations
Compatible spatial discretizations are those that inherit or mimic fundamental properties of the PDE such as topology, conservation, symmetries, and positivity structures and maximum principles. It offer a snapshot of the current trends and developments in compatible spatial discretizations. The reader will find valuable insights on spatial compatibility from several different perspectives and important examples of applications compatible discretizations in computational electromagnetics, geosciences, linear elasticity, eigenvalue approximations and MHD. The contributions collected in this volume will help to elucidate relations between different methods and concepts and to generally advance our understanding of compatible spatial discretizations for PDEs.
Compartment Syndrome : A Guide to Diagnosis and Management
Compartment syndrome is a complex physiologic process with significant potential harm, and though an important clinical problem, the basic science and research surrounding this entity remains poorly understood. This book fills the gap in the knowledge of compartment syndrome, re-evaluating the current state of the art on this condition. The current clinical diagnostic criteria are presented, as well as the multiple dilemmas facing the surgeon. Pathophysiology, ischemic thresholds and pressure management techniques and limitations are discussed in detail. The main surgical management strategy, fasciotomy, is then described for both the upper and lower extremities, along with wound care. Compartment syndrome due to patient positioning, in children and polytrauma patients, and unusual presentations are likewise covered. Novel diagnosis and prevention strategies, as well as common misconceptions and legal ramifications stemming from compartment syndrome, round out the presentation.
Comparing the performance of the Damascus securities exchange with the performance of the Amman stock exchange
Financial markets are one of the most important economic components in any economy, as they form a major axis for financing businesses and companies and stimulating economic growth. Financial markets provide the necessary liquidity to finance projects and economic activities, and also provide mechanisms for investors to invest and achieve financial returns on their money. Financial markets are also an important indicator of the health of the economy, reflecting their activity and performance in the economic, political, and social situation in different countries...
Comparative Third Sector Governance in Asia : Structure, Process, and Political Economy
The book – the first of its kind – establishes new theory and knowledge in the area of third sector organizations (TSOs) in Asia. The main purpose of this book is to draw the attention of Asia's TSOs on the importance of good governance. It documents variety of approaches, and identifies socio-cultural, economic, and political dynamics and impacts of different models of TSO governance. The combined information from the contributions in this work will ensure the sustainability of TSOs throughout Asia.
Comparative evaluation of conservative versus conventional fixed dental bridges in prosthodontics
Dental bridges are essential in restorative dentistry, evolving from conventional full-coverage designs to modern conservative approaches that preserve natural tooth structure. This study theoretically compares conventional and conservative bridges in terms of materials, preparation, biomechanics, biological impact, and patient-centered outcomes. Findings highlight the trade-offs between durability and tooth preservation, emphasizing the importance of tailored clinical decision-making. Conservative principles increasingly guide restorative practice, promoting minimally invasive solutions without compromising clinical effectiveness.
Comparative Education Research : Approaches and Methods
Approaches and methods in comparative education research are of obvious importance, but do not always receive adequate attention. This book contributes new insights within the longstanding traditions of the field. A particular feature is the focus on different units of analysis. Individual chapters compare places, systems, times, cultures, values, policies, curricula and other units. These chapters are contextualised within broader analytical frameworks which identify the purposes and strengths of the field. The book includes a focus on intra-national as well as cross-national comparisons, and highlights the value of approaching themes from different angles. The book will be of great value not only to producers of comparative education research but also to consumers who wish to understand more thoroughly the parameters and value of the field.
Company Tax Reform in the European Union : Guidance from the United States and Canada on Implementing Formulary Apportionment in the EU
This book is important reading for both tax policymakers and business leaders. It breaks the mold of conventional thinking by demonstrating that formulary apportionment is a practical way to solve the income-allocation problems confronting the European Union. Equally important, the book gives the advocates of arm’s-length allocation methods some challenging food for thought.
Commutative algebras of Toeplitz Operators on the Bergman Space
This book is devoted to the spectral theory of commutative C*-algebras of Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space and its applications. For each such commutative algebra there is a unitary operator which reduces Toeplitz operators from this algebra to certain multiplication operators, thus providing their spectral type representations. This yields a powerful research tool giving direct access to the majority of the important properties of the Toeplitz operators studied herein, such as boundedness, compactness, spectral properties, invariant subspaces.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, with at least one third of cases requiring hospitalization, exceeding the numbers admitted for myocardial infarction and stroke. Despite a broad armamentarium of antimicrobials available, it remains an important cause of death in industrialized countries. CAP is caused by a variety of pathogens with their order of importance dependent on the location and population studied. Despite the importance of CAP, reliable data and a recommended evidence-based therapy are lacking, and basic research must be improved. The goal of this volume is to present state-of-the-art knowledge on epidemiology, clinical presentation, immunology, pathology, and diagnosis including the identification of "new pathogens". Therapeutic approaches, antibiotics resistance, disease management and vaccination strategies are also covered. The volume is of interest to researchers and clinicians in virology, epidemiology and biomedicine.
Community Quality-of-Life Indicators : Best Cases VIII
Offers critical insights into the thriving international field of community indicators, incorporating the experiences of government leaders, philanthropic professionals, community planners and a wide range of academic disciplines. It illuminates the important role of community indicators in diverse settings and the rationale for the development and implementation of these innovative projects. details many of the practical “how to” aspects of the field as well as lessons learned from implementing indicators in practice. The case studies included here also demonstrate how, using a variety of data applications, leaders of today are monitoring and measuring progress and communities are empowered to make sustainable improvements in their wellbeing.
Communications and Multimedia Security ; Vol. 175 ; 8th IFIP TC-6 TC-11 Conference on Communications and Multimedia Security, Sept. 15-18, 2004, Windermere, The Lake District, United Kingdom
Communications and Multimedia Security is an essential reference for both academic and professional researchers in the fields of Communications and Multimedia Security. This state-of-the-art volume presents the proceedings of the Eighth Annual IFIP TC-6 TC-11 Conference on Communications and Multimedia Security, September 2004, in Windermere, UK. The papers presented here represent the very latest developments in security research from leading people in the field. The papers explore a wide variety of subjects including privacy protection and trust negotiation, mobile security, applied cryptography, and security of communication protocols. Of special interest are several papers which addressed security in the Microsoft .Net architecture, and the threats that builders of web service applications need to be aware of. The papers were a result of research sponsored by Microsoft at five European University research centers. This collection will be important not only for multimedia security experts and researchers, but also for all teachers and administrators interested in communications security.
